Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s00766-021-00362-4
Albaghajati, Aghyad, Hassine, Jameleddine
With the increase in market needs, game development teams are facing a high demand of creating new games every year. Although several methodologies and tools were introduced to support the game development life cycle, there is still a lack of evidence that these techniques improve game requirements understandability among development teams. The use of models in requirements engineering is considered a promising approach to support requirements elicitation, negotiation, validation, and management. In the context of game development, game designers argue that models are hard to learn and would restrict their creativity. In this paper, we introduce a novel use case-based game modeling approach that extends the standard UML use case diagram. The proposed technique allows for better representation of game-related requirements and promotes a common understanding of game requirements among game development teams. Our approach is implemented in a tool, called game use case modeling, and its applicability is demonstrated using four well-known games, Super Mario Bros, Tetris, Just Dance, and The Walking Dead. Moreover, in order to assess the perceived understandability, learnability, and usefulness of the proposed approach, we have conducted a survey involving 29 participants from the game development community. Results indicate a very satisfactory agreement regarding the added value of the proposed approach and a willingness of adoption by the game development community.
{"title":"A use case driven approach to game modeling","authors":"Albaghajati, Aghyad, Hassine, Jameleddine","doi":"10.1007/s00766-021-00362-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00362-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the increase in market needs, game development teams are facing a high demand of creating new games every year. Although several methodologies and tools were introduced to support the game development life cycle, there is still a lack of evidence that these techniques improve game requirements understandability among development teams. The use of models in requirements engineering is considered a promising approach to support requirements elicitation, negotiation, validation, and management. In the context of game development, game designers argue that models are hard to learn and would restrict their creativity. In this paper, we introduce a novel use case-based game modeling approach that extends the standard UML use case diagram. The proposed technique allows for better representation of game-related requirements and promotes a common understanding of game requirements among game development teams. Our approach is implemented in a tool, called game use case modeling, and its applicability is demonstrated using four well-known games, Super Mario Bros, Tetris, Just Dance, and The Walking Dead. Moreover, in order to assess the perceived understandability, learnability, and usefulness of the proposed approach, we have conducted a survey involving 29 participants from the game development community. Results indicate a very satisfactory agreement regarding the added value of the proposed approach and a willingness of adoption by the game development community.</p>","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"120 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s00766-021-00361-5
Maro, Salome, Steghöfer, Jan-Philipp, Bozzelli, Paolo, Muccini, Henry
Software traceability, the ability to relate software development artifacts such as requirements, design models and code to each other, is an important aspect in software development. It yields a number of benefits such as facilitating impact analysis and tracking software changes. However, for companies to reap these benefits, a proper traceability strategy—a plan for how traceability should be managed—needs to be defined and implemented. Existing literature lacks concrete guidelines for practitioners to systematically define such a strategy. In this study, we address this gap by defining a Traceability Introduction Methodology (TracIMo), which is a methodology for systematically designing, implementing and evaluating software traceability in practice. We used design science research to design TracIMo and evaluated it in a case study with an agile development team of a company in the finance domain. Our results show that TracIMo is feasible as it allows incremental definition and evaluation of a traceability strategy that is aligned with the company’s traceability goals and the existing development process. We also report practical challenges encountered when designing a traceability strategy such as defining the right level of granularity and the need for defining intermediate development artifacts.
{"title":"TracIMo: a traceability introduction methodology and its evaluation in an Agile development team","authors":"Maro, Salome, Steghöfer, Jan-Philipp, Bozzelli, Paolo, Muccini, Henry","doi":"10.1007/s00766-021-00361-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00361-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Software traceability, the ability to relate software development artifacts such as requirements, design models and code to each other, is an important aspect in software development. It yields a number of benefits such as facilitating impact analysis and tracking software changes. However, for companies to reap these benefits, a proper traceability strategy—a plan for how traceability should be managed—needs to be defined and implemented. Existing literature lacks concrete guidelines for practitioners to systematically define such a strategy. In this study, we address this gap by defining a Traceability Introduction Methodology (TracIMo), which is a methodology for systematically designing, implementing and evaluating software traceability in practice. We used design science research to design TracIMo and evaluated it in a case study with an agile development team of a company in the finance domain. Our results show that TracIMo is feasible as it allows incremental definition and evaluation of a traceability strategy that is aligned with the company’s traceability goals and the existing development process. We also report practical challenges encountered when designing a traceability strategy such as defining the right level of granularity and the need for defining intermediate development artifacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"154 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.1007/s00766-021-00360-6
Andrea A. Kaufmann, J. Krause, Nikolay Harutyunyan, A. Barcomb, D. Riehle
{"title":"A validation of QDAcity-RE for domain modeling using qualitative data analysis","authors":"Andrea A. Kaufmann, J. Krause, Nikolay Harutyunyan, A. Barcomb, D. Riehle","doi":"10.1007/s00766-021-00360-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00360-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"31 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00766-021-00360-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46973222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.1007/s00766-021-00359-z
D. Bouskela, A. Falcone, A. Garro, A. Jardin, M. Otter, N. Thuy, A. Tundis
{"title":"Formal requirements modeling for cyber-physical systems engineering: an integrated solution based on FORM-L and Modelica","authors":"D. Bouskela, A. Falcone, A. Garro, A. Jardin, M. Otter, N. Thuy, A. Tundis","doi":"10.1007/s00766-021-00359-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00359-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00766-021-00359-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47992584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1007/s00766-021-00352-6
A. Oran, Gleison Santos, Bruno F. Gadelha, T. Conte
{"title":"A framework for evaluating and improving requirements specifications based on the developers and testers perspective","authors":"A. Oran, Gleison Santos, Bruno F. Gadelha, T. Conte","doi":"10.1007/s00766-021-00352-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00352-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"481 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00766-021-00352-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43674424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-20DOI: 10.1007/s00766-021-00358-0
Donald A. Barrett, T. Mazzuchi, S. Sarkani
{"title":"A quantitative comparison of the effects of modeling approaches on system verification using a controlled challenge problem","authors":"Donald A. Barrett, T. Mazzuchi, S. Sarkani","doi":"10.1007/s00766-021-00358-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00358-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"557 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00766-021-00358-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41461651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-14DOI: 10.1007/s00766-021-00357-1
James Tizard, Tim Rietz, Xuanhui Liu, Kelly Blincoe
{"title":"Voice of the users: an extended study of software feedback engagement","authors":"James Tizard, Tim Rietz, Xuanhui Liu, Kelly Blincoe","doi":"10.1007/s00766-021-00357-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00357-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"293 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00766-021-00357-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46110920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article history Received: 21 May 2021 Accepted: 3 June 2021 Published Online: 10 June 2021 Agricultural ecosystem is one of the most important ecosystems in the world, which provides multiple ecosystem services such as grain production, climate regulation, water conservation and biodiversity. The degradation of ecosystem services has become an important factor that severely restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. Agroecosystem services have become the core and hot topic of ecological research. In recent years, countries and related institutions have been increasing their research on agricultural ecosystem service. Based on Web of Science(WoS) and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI) databases, the development characteristics and trends of agroecosystem services research were analyzed by bibliometric methods. The results show that: (1) The number of papers on agroecosystem services is increasing, which shows that the research on it is developing. (2) Developed countries are the main research forces in the field of ecosystem services, and the developed countries in Europe and the United States occupy the absolute leading position; China Agricultural University and the University of California in the United States are the main research institutions. (3) At present, eight research hotspots in this field are the study of ecosystem services mechanism, protection management and sustainability, sustainable development, biodiversity, land use and landscape change, value assessment, climate change, sustainable development of agriculture, ecological compensation. From the overall distribution of research hotspots in each period, the international research focuses more on the interdependence between ecosystem services and ecosystem services and human well-being, while the research in China focuses more on ecosystem services assessment. (4) In recent years, there is a big gap between China and foreign countries in the field of ecosystem services research. It is necessary to strengthen cooperation with research institutions in developed countries in Europe and the United States, and further improve the research content, research vision and research methods.
农业生态系统是世界上最重要的生态系统之一，具有粮食生产、气候调节、水资源涵养和生物多样性等多种生态系统服务功能。生态系统服务功能退化已成为严重制约农业可持续发展的重要因素。农业生态系统服务功能已成为生态学研究的核心和热点。近年来，各国及相关机构对农业生态系统服务功能的研究越来越多。基于Web of Science(WoS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库，采用文献计量学方法分析了农业生态系统服务研究的发展特点和趋势。结果表明:(1)有关农业生态系统服务的论文数量在不断增加，表明对农业生态系统服务的研究在不断发展。(2)发达国家是生态系统服务领域的主要研究力量，欧美发达国家占据绝对领先地位;中国农业大学和美国加州大学是主要的研究机构。(3)目前，生态系统服务机制研究、保护管理与可持续性研究、可持续发展研究、生物多样性研究、土地利用与景观变化研究、价值评估研究、气候变化研究、农业可持续发展研究、生态补偿研究等8个研究热点。从各时期研究热点的总体分布来看，国际研究更多地关注生态系统服务与人类福祉的相互依存关系，而国内研究更多地关注生态系统服务评价。(4)近年来，国内外在生态系统服务领域的研究存在较大差距。有必要加强与欧美发达国家研究机构的合作，进一步完善研究内容、研究视野和研究方法。
{"title":"A Review of Research on Agroecosystem Services Based on Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"Haiying Tang, Guoqin Huang","doi":"10.30564/RE.V3I2.3268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/RE.V3I2.3268","url":null,"abstract":"Article history Received: 21 May 2021 Accepted: 3 June 2021 Published Online: 10 June 2021 Agricultural ecosystem is one of the most important ecosystems in the world, which provides multiple ecosystem services such as grain production, climate regulation, water conservation and biodiversity. The degradation of ecosystem services has become an important factor that severely restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. Agroecosystem services have become the core and hot topic of ecological research. In recent years, countries and related institutions have been increasing their research on agricultural ecosystem service. Based on Web of Science(WoS) and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI) databases, the development characteristics and trends of agroecosystem services research were analyzed by bibliometric methods. The results show that: (1) The number of papers on agroecosystem services is increasing, which shows that the research on it is developing. (2) Developed countries are the main research forces in the field of ecosystem services, and the developed countries in Europe and the United States occupy the absolute leading position; China Agricultural University and the University of California in the United States are the main research institutions. (3) At present, eight research hotspots in this field are the study of ecosystem services mechanism, protection management and sustainability, sustainable development, biodiversity, land use and landscape change, value assessment, climate change, sustainable development of agriculture, ecological compensation. From the overall distribution of research hotspots in each period, the international research focuses more on the interdependence between ecosystem services and ecosystem services and human well-being, while the research in China focuses more on ecosystem services assessment. (4) In recent years, there is a big gap between China and foreign countries in the field of ecosystem services research. It is necessary to strengthen cooperation with research institutions in developed countries in Europe and the United States, and further improve the research content, research vision and research methods.","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41900998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to establish strategies that focus mainly on raising awareness of good environmental practices and care for the environment, thus establishing an environmental culture within the community of the Universidad Tecnologica Israel, Ecuador, establishing references that allow it to have the necessary inputs and resources, and thus, adapt them to a common goal, which is the award of an environmental certification. In accordance with the articulation of the Ministerial Agreement 140, Title I, which refers to the "Ecuadorian environmental green dot recognition for good environmental practices in administrative agencies of the public and private sector", a descriptive and analytical methodology is taken into account that seeks to establish results through the application of a survey. To this end, strategies were developed and implemented to improve environmental indicators such as electricity savings, water savings, proper use of waste generated, paper consumption, consumption of sustainable products, green spaces, marketing strategies and field research.
{"title":"Educación ambiental basada en redes sociales: caso Universidad Tecnológica Israel","authors":"Dayana Pamela Sangucho Tipan, Emily Jamilex Baque Cárdenas","doi":"10.35290/RE.V2N2.2021.450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35290/RE.V2N2.2021.450","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to establish strategies that focus mainly on raising awareness of good environmental practices and care for the environment, thus establishing an environmental culture within the community of the Universidad Tecnologica Israel, Ecuador, establishing references that allow it to have the necessary inputs and resources, and thus, adapt them to a common goal, which is the award of an environmental certification.\u0000In accordance with the articulation of the Ministerial Agreement 140, Title I, which refers to the \"Ecuadorian environmental green dot recognition for good environmental practices in administrative agencies of the public and private sector\", a descriptive and analytical methodology is taken into account that seeks to establish results through the application of a survey. To this end, strategies were developed and implemented to improve environmental indicators such as electricity savings, water savings, proper use of waste generated, paper consumption, consumption of sustainable products, green spaces, marketing strategies and field research.","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"9-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47663760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article history Received: 6 April 2021 Accepted: 28 April 2021 Published Online: 18 May 2021 This paper reviews the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of clays found in southern part of Nigeria, with a view to determine its usability. The usability of clays, depends on its chemical and mineralogical charactertics, the end product of clay after it is been processed is also based on it’s charactertics. From reviewed literature, it was observed that sampled clay within the study area were analyzed using the XRD, XRF and ICPMS method. Further findings also revealed that the dominant clay minerals within the study area include montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite. On the other hand, it was observed that non-clay minerals such as feldspar, quartz, dickite and many others were found with clay as revealed by several scholars. While chemical charactertics of clay consists mainly of Al2O3, K2O, CaO and SiO2, with other major oxides such as P2O5, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, MnO and Na2O. Some trace elements such Be, Ba, Sc, Sr, Zr, V and Y were reported to be present in clays deposit found in selected part of Ogun state. From reviewed articles, it was observed that mineralogical and chemical charactertics of clay make it suitable for pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetic and polymer industries, but considered to be fairly suitable for oil and gas industry.
{"title":"A Synoptic Review of Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Clays in the Southern Part of Nigeria","authors":"M. Eyankware, C. Ogwah, J. C. Ike","doi":"10.30564/RE.V3I2.3057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/RE.V3I2.3057","url":null,"abstract":"Article history Received: 6 April 2021 Accepted: 28 April 2021 Published Online: 18 May 2021 This paper reviews the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of clays found in southern part of Nigeria, with a view to determine its usability. The usability of clays, depends on its chemical and mineralogical charactertics, the end product of clay after it is been processed is also based on it’s charactertics. From reviewed literature, it was observed that sampled clay within the study area were analyzed using the XRD, XRF and ICPMS method. Further findings also revealed that the dominant clay minerals within the study area include montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite. On the other hand, it was observed that non-clay minerals such as feldspar, quartz, dickite and many others were found with clay as revealed by several scholars. While chemical charactertics of clay consists mainly of Al2O3, K2O, CaO and SiO2, with other major oxides such as P2O5, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, MnO and Na2O. Some trace elements such Be, Ba, Sc, Sr, Zr, V and Y were reported to be present in clays deposit found in selected part of Ogun state. From reviewed articles, it was observed that mineralogical and chemical charactertics of clay make it suitable for pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetic and polymer industries, but considered to be fairly suitable for oil and gas industry.","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42614775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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