Article history Received: 24 February 2021 Accepted: 2 April 2021 Published Online: 18 May 2021 In time of global climate changes, astatic inland water reservoirs that contribute to water retention and alleviation of adverse effects of periodic river floods, are getting more and more important. Small, periodically drying off water reservoirs are also rich hubs of biodiversity. Animals especially connected to such ecosystems are primitive but unique crustaceans called tadpole shrimps (order Notostraca). Those animals seem to have universal significance – both ecological and economic. Though their primitive morphology and small size, they can radically affect the nature of their habitats, sometimes even helping us fight with noxious pests. Unfortunately, due to progressing global warming, intensification in agriculture, and urbanisation, habitats of notostracans are disappearing rapidly. Simultaneously, because of their rare occurences and taxonomic difficulties, tadpole shrimps have been insufficiently studied. However, protection of these crustaceans is inseparably connected with conservation of once numerous, periodically drying reservoirs as tadpole shrimps are referred as keystone species of such habitats. Thus, the aim of this review article is to sum up and disseminate current state of knowledge about Notostraca by a general overview of available international literature. This might help to engage more scientists into research and conservation of these little known, yet interesting crustaceans and their unique habitats.
{"title":"Tadpole Shrimps – A General Review of the Little Known Crustaceans of Ephemeral Waterbodies","authors":"Michał Rogacki, A. Brysiewicz","doi":"10.30564/RE.V3I2.2910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/RE.V3I2.2910","url":null,"abstract":"Article history Received: 24 February 2021 Accepted: 2 April 2021 Published Online: 18 May 2021 In time of global climate changes, astatic inland water reservoirs that contribute to water retention and alleviation of adverse effects of periodic river floods, are getting more and more important. Small, periodically drying off water reservoirs are also rich hubs of biodiversity. Animals especially connected to such ecosystems are primitive but unique crustaceans called tadpole shrimps (order Notostraca). Those animals seem to have universal significance – both ecological and economic. Though their primitive morphology and small size, they can radically affect the nature of their habitats, sometimes even helping us fight with noxious pests. Unfortunately, due to progressing global warming, intensification in agriculture, and urbanisation, habitats of notostracans are disappearing rapidly. Simultaneously, because of their rare occurences and taxonomic difficulties, tadpole shrimps have been insufficiently studied. However, protection of these crustaceans is inseparably connected with conservation of once numerous, periodically drying reservoirs as tadpole shrimps are referred as keystone species of such habitats. Thus, the aim of this review article is to sum up and disseminate current state of knowledge about Notostraca by a general overview of available international literature. This might help to engage more scientists into research and conservation of these little known, yet interesting crustaceans and their unique habitats.","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44572844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article history Received: 7 February 2021 Accepted: 16 April 2021 Published Online: 18 May 2021 This study was conducted to explain the karyological characteristics of S. xanthoprymnus from Gencali in Turkey. The chromosomes of the specimens were traditionally stained and examined according to standard procedures. The chromosomes were determined according to centromere positions by examining the photographs of metaphase cells. The karyotype of S. xanthoprymnus contained 42 chromosomes (2n=42) and fundamental number of chromosomal arms NF=81 and the number of autosomal arms NFa=78. The karyotype includes four metacentric chromosomes ranging from large to small, three pairs of large and medium-sized submetacentric autosome, twelve ranging from large to medium size subtelocentric, and a pair of acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosome was determined as large subtelocentric and Y chromosome as small acrocentric. Due to there is no karyological information and geographical distribution of existentence cytotypes in Turkey, revelation of chromosomal structure in Anatolian ground squirrel populations will provide properly assessment of taxonomy of those rodents in further studies.
{"title":"A Cytogenetic Study on Spermophilus Xanthoprymnus (Bennett, 1835) in Isparta Province","authors":"Şengül Aksan, Kuyaş Hekimler Öztürk, T. Kankılıç","doi":"10.30564/RE.V3I2.2894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/RE.V3I2.2894","url":null,"abstract":"Article history Received: 7 February 2021 Accepted: 16 April 2021 Published Online: 18 May 2021 This study was conducted to explain the karyological characteristics of S. xanthoprymnus from Gencali in Turkey. The chromosomes of the specimens were traditionally stained and examined according to standard procedures. The chromosomes were determined according to centromere positions by examining the photographs of metaphase cells. The karyotype of S. xanthoprymnus contained 42 chromosomes (2n=42) and fundamental number of chromosomal arms NF=81 and the number of autosomal arms NFa=78. The karyotype includes four metacentric chromosomes ranging from large to small, three pairs of large and medium-sized submetacentric autosome, twelve ranging from large to medium size subtelocentric, and a pair of acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosome was determined as large subtelocentric and Y chromosome as small acrocentric. Due to there is no karyological information and geographical distribution of existentence cytotypes in Turkey, revelation of chromosomal structure in Anatolian ground squirrel populations will provide properly assessment of taxonomy of those rodents in further studies.","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47062731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article history Received: 10 March 2021 Accepted: 2 April 2021 Published Online: 18 May 2021 Restoration ecology is a multidisciplinary science that exchanges several concepts with other scientific fields to improve its practices. In this article, I discuss the ecological redundancy concept and its implications and applications on ecological restoration. Ecological redundancy was coined in the early 1990s to characterize those species that play similar (equivalent) functions in the ecosystem. The concept made it possible to segregate species into functional groups that operate in maintaining the system. I searched the literature and found that although some restoration models naturally consider this concept, studies in areas undergoing restoration which directly measure and test the ecological redundancy are still rare (n = 14). I provide evidence that distinguishing redundant species and identifying key species is feasible for ecological restoration. Additionally, I suggest that redundancy should also be part of the restoration monitoring, for example, by checking if functional groups have been recovered. Theory predicts that if ecological redundancy is correctly incorporated in restoration, projects with more chances of success will be created because redundancy tends to increase ecosystem resilience. Resilience is a crucial factor for restoration sustainability in a changing environment.
{"title":"The Importance of Ecological Redundancy for Ecosystems Restoration","authors":"V. Londe","doi":"10.30564/RE.V3I2.2957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/RE.V3I2.2957","url":null,"abstract":"Article history Received: 10 March 2021 Accepted: 2 April 2021 Published Online: 18 May 2021 Restoration ecology is a multidisciplinary science that exchanges several concepts with other scientific fields to improve its practices. In this article, I discuss the ecological redundancy concept and its implications and applications on ecological restoration. Ecological redundancy was coined in the early 1990s to characterize those species that play similar (equivalent) functions in the ecosystem. The concept made it possible to segregate species into functional groups that operate in maintaining the system. I searched the literature and found that although some restoration models naturally consider this concept, studies in areas undergoing restoration which directly measure and test the ecological redundancy are still rare (n = 14). I provide evidence that distinguishing redundant species and identifying key species is feasible for ecological restoration. Additionally, I suggest that redundancy should also be part of the restoration monitoring, for example, by checking if functional groups have been recovered. Theory predicts that if ecological redundancy is correctly incorporated in restoration, projects with more chances of success will be created because redundancy tends to increase ecosystem resilience. Resilience is a crucial factor for restoration sustainability in a changing environment.","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43833361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article history Received: 15 February 2021 Accepted: 14 April 2021 Published Online: 18 May 2021 Pigments play an essential role in imparting colors to the various organs of invertebrates particularly, insects. Genetic evolution and adaptive pigmentation of invertebrates have been studied which depicted that insect colors respond to the climatic changes. The physical, chemical and structural properties of insect pigments are being studied by researchers for years to elucidate their evolutionary aspects of physiology, metabolism, and economic importance for human welfare. Color development in insects varies within the species of different genera. In this state-of-the-art literature review, we discuss the variety of pigments other than visual ones found in different species of insects. The review also highlights the potential benefits or functions of pigments to insects.
{"title":"Diversity of Pigments in Insects, Their Synthesis and Economic Value for Various Industries","authors":"Tanuja N. Bankar, M. Dar, R. Pandit","doi":"10.30564/RE.V3I2.2899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/RE.V3I2.2899","url":null,"abstract":"Article history Received: 15 February 2021 Accepted: 14 April 2021 Published Online: 18 May 2021 Pigments play an essential role in imparting colors to the various organs of invertebrates particularly, insects. Genetic evolution and adaptive pigmentation of invertebrates have been studied which depicted that insect colors respond to the climatic changes. The physical, chemical and structural properties of insect pigments are being studied by researchers for years to elucidate their evolutionary aspects of physiology, metabolism, and economic importance for human welfare. Color development in insects varies within the species of different genera. In this state-of-the-art literature review, we discuss the variety of pigments other than visual ones found in different species of insects. The review also highlights the potential benefits or functions of pigments to insects.","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48109328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of chemical agent (Sodium Azide) on Onion growing in organic and inorganic fertile soil was to be examined during this study. The analysis work was carried out within the green house of the research laboratory technology of the Oke Ogun Science Laboratory Technology, Saki, Oyo State. Onion seeds were soaked inside different beakers containing the mixture of Sodium Azide and water mixed with 10 ml of Phosphate solution for 4 hours. Also, the control was soaked with normal water and 10 ml of Phosphate buffer solution. The treated seeds of onions was planted in plastic containers containing 4.2 g of weighed humus soil within the green house at the Department of research lab Technology of The Oke Ogun polytechnic school, Saki Oyo State. The samples parameter were taken daily for six consecutive months. The result obtained was additionally subjected to statistical analysis by using DMRT techniques. The results showed that the stem length was ranged from 11.39±0.62 and 9.98±0.52 with sample of onion without sodium Azide and inorganic had the highest stem length values and samples of onion with Sodium Azide and inorganic had very cheap stem length. However, the leave length ranged from 29.63±0.12 and 22.45±0.10 with the Onion samples with inorganic and Organic fertilizers which had the highest leave length and sample of onion without Sodium Azide was very low leave length. The results of this study showed that each one the parameters studied within the plant were low with Sodium Azide treatment. The decrease in plant growth, plant heights, root lengths, and Phaonerogam survival, fruit yield per plant and height at maturity with agent concentration. It is hereof suggested that Sodium Azide (NaN3) was expected to produce mutation in onion that area unit extremely liable to harmful pathogens and making them cheap to be useful for farmers.
{"title":"Effects of Chemical Mutagen (Sodium Azide) on Onion Grown in Organic and Inorganic Fertilized Soil","authors":"O. Adeoti, O. SodiqZainab, Adeoye K.A","doi":"10.30564/RE.V3I2.2908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/RE.V3I2.2908","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of chemical agent (Sodium Azide) on Onion growing in organic and inorganic fertile soil was to be examined during this study. The analysis work was carried out within the green house of the research laboratory technology of the Oke Ogun Science Laboratory Technology, Saki, Oyo State. Onion seeds were soaked inside different beakers containing the mixture of Sodium Azide and water mixed with 10 ml of Phosphate solution for 4 hours. Also, the control was soaked with normal water and 10 ml of Phosphate buffer solution. The treated seeds of onions was planted in plastic containers containing 4.2 g of weighed humus soil within the green house at the Department of research lab Technology of The Oke Ogun polytechnic school, Saki Oyo State. The samples parameter were taken daily for six consecutive months. The result obtained was additionally subjected to statistical analysis by using DMRT techniques. The results showed that the stem length was ranged from 11.39±0.62 and 9.98±0.52 with sample of onion without sodium Azide and inorganic had the highest stem length values and samples of onion with Sodium Azide and inorganic had very cheap stem length. However, the leave length ranged from 29.63±0.12 and 22.45±0.10 with the Onion samples with inorganic and Organic fertilizers which had the highest leave length and sample of onion without Sodium Azide was very low leave length. The results of this study showed that each one the parameters studied within the plant were low with Sodium Azide treatment. The decrease in plant growth, plant heights, root lengths, and Phaonerogam survival, fruit yield per plant and height at maturity with agent concentration. It is hereof suggested that Sodium Azide (NaN3) was expected to produce mutation in onion that area unit extremely liable to harmful pathogens and making them cheap to be useful for farmers.","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48245779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.1007/s00766-021-00356-2
Rafika Thabet, D. Bork, A. Boufaied, E. Lamine, O. Korbaa, H. Pingaud
{"title":"Correction to: Risk‑aware business process management using multi‑view modeling: method and tool","authors":"Rafika Thabet, D. Bork, A. Boufaied, E. Lamine, O. Korbaa, H. Pingaud","doi":"10.1007/s00766-021-00356-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00356-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"583 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00766-021-00356-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46726575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.1007/s00766-021-00353-5
M. Robinson, S. Sarkani, T. Mazzuchi
{"title":"Network structure and requirements crowdsourcing for OSS projects","authors":"M. Robinson, S. Sarkani, T. Mazzuchi","doi":"10.1007/s00766-021-00353-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00353-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"509 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00766-021-00353-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48863346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-10DOI: 10.1007/s00766-021-00350-8
A. Grubb, M. Chechik
{"title":"Formal reasoning for analyzing goal models that evolve over time","authors":"A. Grubb, M. Chechik","doi":"10.1007/s00766-021-00350-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00350-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"423 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00766-021-00350-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48998213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1007/S00766-021-00354-4
Lucas Gren, Richard Berntsson Svensson
{"title":"Correction to: Is it possible to disregard obsolete requirements? A family of experiments in software effort estimation","authors":"Lucas Gren, Richard Berntsson Svensson","doi":"10.1007/S00766-021-00354-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S00766-021-00354-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"581 - 581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/S00766-021-00354-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45056076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safieh Javadinejad, D. Hannah, S. Krause, R. Dara, F. Jafary, M. Naseri
Article history Received: 29 January 2021 Accepted: 15 March 2021 Published Online: 30 March 2021 Different sets of dry spell length such as complete series, monthly maximum, seasonal maximum, and annual maximum are applied and modeled with different probability distribution functions (such as Gumbel Max, generalized extreme value, Log-Logistic, generalized logistic, inverse Gaussian, Log-Pearson 3, generalized Pareto) to recognize in which duration, dry spells cause drought. The drought situation and temporal analysis in the North of Iraq region were done using the SPI index and by software of DrinC at a time scale of 3.6 and 12 months. Because of applicability, availability of data and the aim of the study, SPI is selected to analyze the dry spells in this study. Based on the maximum length of the available statistical period, the statistics for the years 1980 to 2019 were used from nine meteorological stations for analysis. The results of the study showed the severity of drought during the study period which related to dry spells. The results of this research confirm the variation of drought occurrence with varying degrees in different time and different dry spells condition in Iraq.
{"title":"Droughts and the Impacts of Dry Spells in North of Iraq","authors":"Safieh Javadinejad, D. Hannah, S. Krause, R. Dara, F. Jafary, M. Naseri","doi":"10.30564/RE.V3I1.2865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/RE.V3I1.2865","url":null,"abstract":"Article history Received: 29 January 2021 Accepted: 15 March 2021 Published Online: 30 March 2021 Different sets of dry spell length such as complete series, monthly maximum, seasonal maximum, and annual maximum are applied and modeled with different probability distribution functions (such as Gumbel Max, generalized extreme value, Log-Logistic, generalized logistic, inverse Gaussian, Log-Pearson 3, generalized Pareto) to recognize in which duration, dry spells cause drought. The drought situation and temporal analysis in the North of Iraq region were done using the SPI index and by software of DrinC at a time scale of 3.6 and 12 months. Because of applicability, availability of data and the aim of the study, SPI is selected to analyze the dry spells in this study. Based on the maximum length of the available statistical period, the statistics for the years 1980 to 2019 were used from nine meteorological stations for analysis. The results of the study showed the severity of drought during the study period which related to dry spells. The results of this research confirm the variation of drought occurrence with varying degrees in different time and different dry spells condition in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":20912,"journal":{"name":"Requirements Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45959388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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