Zhitao Hao, Xi'an Li, Rongrong Gao, Wei Hu, Jing Zhang, Jun He
The structural specificity and hydrological sensitivity of loess have a strong impact on its strength, deformation and long-term stability and safety. This topic is being actively researched and focuses on the macromechanical behaviour of the shear strength of loess and its micromechanisms from the perspective of bound water. In this study, based on the combined determination of isothermal adsorption and the liquid-plastic limit, bound water is analysed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the entire humidity sequence is divided in a new method. The shear strength of Malan loess measured by the direct shear test is also analysed to investigate the relationship between bound water, shear strength and basic structural units. Results show that the Malan loess in the three regions in this paper are approximately the same in terms of adsorption pattern, but at the same humidity, the maximum moisture content (W мг ) from more to less are Chan he (7.13%), Yan'an (6.54%), and Hei fang tai (5.54%), which is related to the clay minerals and their contents in the soil. Also, the change in strength of loess is divided into three stages by the maximum moisture content (W мг ) and plastic limit (W P ) as the characteristic moisture content. The strength change pattern of loess in the three regions is similar throughout the moisture content sequence: all stages show a negative correlation between moisture content and shear strength, but the internal mechanism of each stage is not the same due to the different connection forces between the basic structural units of loess. The change in bound water content caused by the cementation of glue and clay particles also yields certain changes in cohesion, which is linearly fitted to the shear strength and its parameters. Last, the bound water of the soil changes the microstructure of the soil and determines the combination characteristics and contact mode of "core-clothes" in the microagglomerate structure of loess. This study describes the essence of soil-water structural interactions and provides theoretical references for applications in geotechnical engineering fields such as slope protection and road construction.
{"title":"Experimental study of the effect of bound water on the shear strength and structural units of Malan loess","authors":"Zhitao Hao, Xi'an Li, Rongrong Gao, Wei Hu, Jing Zhang, Jun He","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-168","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The structural specificity and hydrological sensitivity of loess have a strong impact on its strength, deformation and long-term stability and safety. This topic is being actively researched and focuses on the macromechanical behaviour of the shear strength of loess and its micromechanisms from the perspective of bound water. In this study, based on the combined determination of isothermal adsorption and the liquid-plastic limit, bound water is analysed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the entire humidity sequence is divided in a new method. The shear strength of Malan loess measured by the direct shear test is also analysed to investigate the relationship between bound water, shear strength and basic structural units. Results show that the Malan loess in the three regions in this paper are approximately the same in terms of adsorption pattern, but at the same humidity, the maximum moisture content (W\u0000 мг\u0000 ) from more to less are Chan he (7.13%), Yan'an (6.54%), and Hei fang tai (5.54%), which is related to the clay minerals and their contents in the soil. Also, the change in strength of loess is divided into three stages by the maximum moisture content (W\u0000 мг\u0000 ) and plastic limit (W\u0000 P\u0000 ) as the characteristic moisture content. The strength change pattern of loess in the three regions is similar throughout the moisture content sequence: all stages show a negative correlation between moisture content and shear strength, but the internal mechanism of each stage is not the same due to the different connection forces between the basic structural units of loess. The change in bound water content caused by the cementation of glue and clay particles also yields certain changes in cohesion, which is linearly fitted to the shear strength and its parameters. Last, the bound water of the soil changes the microstructure of the soil and determines the combination characteristics and contact mode of \"core-clothes\" in the microagglomerate structure of loess. This study describes the essence of soil-water structural interactions and provides theoretical references for applications in geotechnical engineering fields such as slope protection and road construction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47483225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Relationship between inflow rate to a rocky tunnel and the effective parameters controlling the inflow rate, e.g., aperture, spacing, orientation, tunnel radius, and water head is investigated by numerical modeling. Response surface methodology is adopted to optimize the number of simulations and their meaningful interpretation, and Design-Expert software is used for this purpose. Consequently, numerical simulations are performed using 3DEC version 7 software for 88 scenarios, based on different values of parameters related to fracture system geometry and boundary conditions. Accordingly, the relations between the inflow rate to the tunnel and the effective parameters as well as their interaction are determined and presented in the form of empirical equations. In addition, the mean value of each parameter is used to develop another equation for calculating the inflow rate. Specifically, the aperture and spacing, as well as the interaction between these parameters and other effective parameters, have the most important impacts on the value of the inflow rate. Furthermore, the impact of tunnel radius on the unit inflow rate is negligible. Using numerical simulations, two empirical equations have been developed for calculation of unit inflow rate to the tunnel: one for exact values of parameters and another for their mean values. Supplementary material: Supplementary information on the interaction between the parameters and the statistical analysis are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6292560
采用数值模拟的方法，研究了岩石隧洞入流速率与控制入流速率的有效参数(孔径、间距、方向、隧洞半径和水头)之间的关系。采用响应面法优化模拟次数及其有意义的解释，并使用Design-Expert软件实现这一目的。因此，基于与裂缝系统几何形状和边界条件相关的不同参数值，使用3DEC version 7软件对88种情况进行了数值模拟。据此，确定了隧道流入流量与有效参数之间的关系及其相互作用，并以经验方程的形式给出。此外，利用各参数的平均值建立了另一个计算流入速率的方程。其中，孔径和间距以及孔径和间距与其他有效参数的相互作用对入流速率的影响最为重要。此外，隧道半径对单位流入速率的影响可以忽略不计。通过数值模拟，建立了计算隧道单位流入流量的两个经验方程:一个是参数的精确值，另一个是参数的平均值。补充资料:有关参数与统计分析之间相互作用的补充信息，请访问https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6292560
{"title":"Effects of fracture system geometrical parameters on the inflow rate into a tunnel in rock: a numerical modeling experiment","authors":"A. Shahbazi, A. Saeidi, R. Chesnaux, A. Rouleau","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-128","url":null,"abstract":"Relationship between inflow rate to a rocky tunnel and the effective parameters controlling the inflow rate, e.g., aperture, spacing, orientation, tunnel radius, and water head is investigated by numerical modeling. Response surface methodology is adopted to optimize the number of simulations and their meaningful interpretation, and Design-Expert software is used for this purpose. Consequently, numerical simulations are performed using 3DEC version 7 software for 88 scenarios, based on different values of parameters related to fracture system geometry and boundary conditions. Accordingly, the relations between the inflow rate to the tunnel and the effective parameters as well as their interaction are determined and presented in the form of empirical equations. In addition, the mean value of each parameter is used to develop another equation for calculating the inflow rate. Specifically, the aperture and spacing, as well as the interaction between these parameters and other effective parameters, have the most important impacts on the value of the inflow rate. Furthermore, the impact of tunnel radius on the unit inflow rate is negligible. Using numerical simulations, two empirical equations have been developed for calculation of unit inflow rate to the tunnel: one for exact values of parameters and another for their mean values.\u0000 \u0000 Supplementary material: Supplementary information on the interaction between the parameters and the statistical analysis are available at\u0000 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6292560\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45006681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kuhn, R. Hermanns, J. Torizin, M. Fuchs, Nick Schüßler, R. Eilertsen, T. Redfield, D. Balzer, M. Böhme
The eastern slope of Garmaksla, a flat-topped mountain at the western margin of Billefjorden, Svalbard, is affected by mass movements of different types. Rotational rock slides, rock fall and a rock avalanche affecting the coastal cliff are shallow surface expressions covering a larger rock mass instability that is bordered to the west by the Balliolbreen Fault. This structural feature is part of the Billefjorden Fault Zone and accommodated multi-phase deformation since Devonian time. Based on a comprehensive morpho-structural analysis, the mapped surface features and rock slope failures are explained by a compound rock slide model that reveals a litho-structural control on the type and mechanism of slope instability. The Balliolbreen fault serves as an inherited zone of weakness that is re-activated as the rear rupture surface of the rock slide. In addition, favorably oriented bedding planes and pre-existing fault zones serve as prime conditioning factors for the compound rock slide. A postglacial age of at least 6 ka is derived from 14 C dated sediments of Garmaksla Lake, a perennial sag pond along the main scarp. While the current state of activity of the compound rock slide is unclear, an increase of shallow slope instabilities is expected due to climate warming.
{"title":"Litho-structural control on rock slope failures at Garmaksla, Billefjorden coastline, Svalbard.","authors":"D. Kuhn, R. Hermanns, J. Torizin, M. Fuchs, Nick Schüßler, R. Eilertsen, T. Redfield, D. Balzer, M. Böhme","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The eastern slope of Garmaksla, a flat-topped mountain at the western margin of Billefjorden, Svalbard, is affected by mass movements of different types. Rotational rock slides, rock fall and a rock avalanche affecting the coastal cliff are shallow surface expressions covering a larger rock mass instability that is bordered to the west by the Balliolbreen Fault. This structural feature is part of the Billefjorden Fault Zone and accommodated multi-phase deformation since Devonian time. Based on a comprehensive morpho-structural analysis, the mapped surface features and rock slope failures are explained by a compound rock slide model that reveals a litho-structural control on the type and mechanism of slope instability. The Balliolbreen fault serves as an inherited zone of weakness that is re-activated as the rear rupture surface of the rock slide. In addition, favorably oriented bedding planes and pre-existing fault zones serve as prime conditioning factors for the compound rock slide. A postglacial age of at least 6 ka is derived from\u0000 14\u0000 C dated sediments of Garmaksla Lake, a perennial sag pond along the main scarp. While the current state of activity of the compound rock slide is unclear, an increase of shallow slope instabilities is expected due to climate warming.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48556274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the interested reader who wants to know in detail about the life and work of Rudolph Glossop, the man after whom the series of Engineering Group Glossop Awards is named, there is no better reference than Ron Williams’ “Rudolph Glossop and the Rise of Geotechnology” (Williams, 2010), published by Whittles Publishing and available through the Geological Society's Bookshop. The book claims not to be a biography, being instead an annotated collection of articles from Glossop's Journals and diaries, some published papers by him and others, and copies of correspondence, typically with those luminaries of the Geotechnical world: Skempton and Terzaghi. It would be impossible to precis that work in a short article, and even if it were to be possible, then it would probably not do justice to its subject, although the paper by Ron Williams and 17 th Glossop Lecturer Dave Norbury in 2008 is perhaps a more concise version for the reader in a hurry. And, in this issue, readers will find a more personal, family reflection on his life (Slack, 2022).
{"title":"Rudolph Glossop (1902-1993) – the founding of the Engineering Group of the Geological Society of London","authors":"E. Bromhead","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-109","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For the interested reader who wants to know in detail about the life and work of Rudolph Glossop, the man after whom the series of Engineering Group Glossop Awards is named, there is no better reference than Ron Williams’ “Rudolph Glossop and the Rise of Geotechnology” (Williams, 2010), published by Whittles Publishing and available through the Geological Society's Bookshop. The book claims\u0000 not\u0000 to be a biography, being instead an annotated collection of articles from Glossop's Journals and diaries, some published papers by him and others, and copies of correspondence, typically with those luminaries of the Geotechnical world: Skempton and Terzaghi. It would be impossible to precis that work in a short article, and even if it were to be possible, then it would probably not do justice to its subject, although the paper by Ron Williams and 17\u0000 th\u0000 Glossop Lecturer Dave Norbury in 2008 is perhaps a more concise version for the reader in a hurry. And, in this issue, readers will find a more personal, family reflection on his life (Slack, 2022).\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44882495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Not long after my father died at the age of 91 in 1993 my mother told me that a lecture and award were proposed in his name. She was very pleased and in 1997 when she was asked to attend, and to present the prizes we were all very gratified and the family have enjoyed the connection to the event ever since. It has not happened every year and it has varied in its grandeur but many images remain in our minds. The enormous rock which had crashed through the roof of a fisherman's hut on the harbour at St. Helena; the climbers drilling screws into the Irish cliff to stabilize it to preserve the library which had been built at the top; the rocks bouncing across the floor of a quarry. The lovely old library of the Geological Society in the early years; the Geographical Society with the photographs of famous explorers on the walls of the staircase; the meals in the Polish Club, and now the Royal Institution. Such a splendid geotechnical affair would have delighted my father. We have learnt a good deal and enjoyed visiting the world of geologists and engineers. If only once a year, it does bring back memories of my father.
{"title":"Rudolph (Silas) Glossop - Fragments and family memories of a long life","authors":"E. Slack","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-108","url":null,"abstract":"Not long after my father died at the age of 91 in 1993 my mother told me that a lecture and award were proposed in his name. She was very pleased and in 1997 when she was asked to attend, and to present the prizes we were all very gratified and the family have enjoyed the connection to the event ever since. It has not happened every year and it has varied in its grandeur but many images remain in our minds. The enormous rock which had crashed through the roof of a fisherman's hut on the harbour at St. Helena; the climbers drilling screws into the Irish cliff to stabilize it to preserve the library which had been built at the top; the rocks bouncing across the floor of a quarry. The lovely old library of the Geological Society in the early years; the Geographical Society with the photographs of famous explorers on the walls of the staircase; the meals in the Polish Club, and now the Royal Institution. Such a splendid geotechnical affair would have delighted my father. We have learnt a good deal and enjoyed visiting the world of geologists and engineers. If only once a year, it does bring back memories of my father. ","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48168869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Mediterranean semi-arid regions, shallow aquifers are generally over-exploited. Several Deeper groundwater boreholes exhibit serious problems of low hydraulic yield and dry wells. The existence of a reliable information about the regional geological structure can enhance the success of deep well programs. Geophysics proved very useful, as a fast and efficient tool to understand the structuring of deep hydrogeology aquifers. Indeed, the identification and characterization of the deep structures of the Bir Drassen – Sidi Toumi region (Cap-Bon, Northeastern Tunisia) contribute to a better quantification of the groundwater potential for asustainable management. This province can be considered as the SW extension of the NE-SW Jebel Abderrahman atlasic anticline, one of the most prominent geological structures in Northeastern Tunisia. To identify the Miocene and Oligocene reservoirs, a geophysical study was carried out, using advanced gravity analysis, supported by boreholes, seismic and geoelectrical calibration. Different gravity filters were applied to reveal the Sub-basins architecture and faulting network in the region. Using the calculation of maxima of Total Horizontal Gravity Derivative and Euler's solutions distribution, a set of deep faults of different directions was divulged. Time Domain Electromagnetic mapping illustrate the influence of fault zones on the regional arrangement of sub-basins aquifers and their recharge processes. Finally, a 3D residual gravity inversion was carried out, to better image the tectonically controlled depocenters associated with prolific thick fluvial-deltaic reservoirs. These “Deep Aquifer Valley” can be suggested as strategic targets for deep hydrogeological exploration planning.
{"title":"Geophysical Assessment for Deep Structuring Mapping and Water Resources Perspectivity in semi-arid land region (Northeastern Tunisia, Mediterranean basin)","authors":"Oussama Kortas, H. Gabtni","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-076","url":null,"abstract":"In Mediterranean semi-arid regions, shallow aquifers are generally over-exploited. Several Deeper groundwater boreholes exhibit serious problems of low hydraulic yield and dry wells. The existence of a reliable information about the regional geological structure can enhance the success of deep well programs.\u0000 Geophysics proved very useful, as a fast and efficient tool to understand the structuring of deep hydrogeology aquifers. Indeed, the identification and characterization of the deep structures of the Bir Drassen – Sidi Toumi region (Cap-Bon, Northeastern Tunisia) contribute to a better quantification of the groundwater potential for asustainable management. This province can be considered as the SW extension of the NE-SW Jebel Abderrahman atlasic anticline, one of the most prominent geological structures in Northeastern Tunisia. To identify the Miocene and Oligocene reservoirs, a geophysical study was carried out, using advanced gravity analysis, supported by boreholes, seismic and geoelectrical calibration.\u0000 Different gravity filters were applied to reveal the Sub-basins architecture and faulting network in the region. Using the calculation of maxima of Total Horizontal Gravity Derivative and Euler's solutions distribution, a set of deep faults of different directions was divulged. Time Domain Electromagnetic mapping illustrate the influence of fault zones on the regional arrangement of sub-basins aquifers and their recharge processes.\u0000 Finally, a 3D residual gravity inversion was carried out, to better image the tectonically controlled depocenters associated with prolific thick fluvial-deltaic reservoirs. These “Deep Aquifer Valley” can be suggested as strategic targets for deep hydrogeological exploration planning.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44122267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluation of proposed geothermal projects often requires a value to be assigned to waterborne geothermal heat or geothermal fluids. A methodology for valuing low enthalpy warm fluids (<90°C) is presented: the method uses a reference price for sale of waterborne district heating at a relatively high temperature (in this paper, we have assumed 70°C), and then discounts this price by the value of electricity that must be expended in a heat pump compressor to transfer heat from the source fluid to the target reference level. An alternative methodology is also presented, based on the exergy content of the geothermal fluid: this is arguably more theoretically justifiable but does not account for the real costs of running a heat pump. Compared with other sources of low carbon environmental heat, prospecting for deeper warm geothermal fluids will be favoured when drilling costs are low and electricity prices are high; shallow cooler fluids, coupled with the use of heat pumps, are economically favourable when electricity is cheap and drilling costs are high.
{"title":"The Value of Heat and Geothermal Waters","authors":"D. Banks","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-064","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of proposed geothermal projects often requires a value to be assigned to waterborne geothermal heat or geothermal fluids. A methodology for valuing low enthalpy warm fluids (<90°C) is presented: the method uses a reference price for sale of waterborne district heating at a relatively high temperature (in this paper, we have assumed 70°C), and then discounts this price by the value of electricity that must be expended in a heat pump compressor to transfer heat from the source fluid to the target reference level. An alternative methodology is also presented, based on the exergy content of the geothermal fluid: this is arguably more theoretically justifiable but does not account for the real costs of running a heat pump. Compared with other sources of low carbon environmental heat, prospecting for deeper warm geothermal fluids will be favoured when drilling costs are low and electricity prices are high; shallow cooler fluids, coupled with the use of heat pumps, are economically favourable when electricity is cheap and drilling costs are high.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44981039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandstone aquifers are challenging to characterize, model and review due to interplays between intergranular porosities, narrow fractures and rock discontinuities enlarged by the groundwater flow (Tellam and Barker 2006; Hitchmough et al. 2007, Bashar and Tellam 2011, Medici et al. 2019). New data collected, and advances in hydraulic testing and modelling techniques should guide the next steps on research on sandstone aquifers worldwide. The contribution of Medici and West (2022) is intended to point the hydrogeological community towards more novel modelling approaches that need to be integrated with all the previous practices for the Sherwood Sandstone aquifer, that have mostly focussed on the Equivalent Porous Medium (EPM), as this is the most widely accepted and practical solution. The focus of the review paper is thus novel approaches to modelling of the flow heterogeneities of the Sherwood Sandstone aquifer as a consequence of a hydraulic characterization project funded by TotalEnergies, which was specific to the Triassic comprising the Sherwood Sandstone Group rather than Permian strata. The flow heterogeneities of sedimentary origin and tectonic origin have also been reviewed in the UK Triassic Sandstone with no angle on groundwater flow modelling (Medici et al. 2019a, b).
由于粒间孔隙度、狭窄裂缝和地下水流动扩大的岩石不连续面之间的相互作用，砂岩含水层的表征、建模和评价具有挑战性(Tellam and Barker 2006;Hitchmough et al. 2007, Bashar and Tellam 2011, Medici et al. 2019)。收集到的新数据以及水力测试和建模技术的进步将指导世界范围内砂岩含水层研究的下一步工作。Medici和West(2022)的贡献旨在为水文地质学界指明更新颖的建模方法，这些方法需要与Sherwood砂岩含水层的所有先前实践相结合，这些实践主要集中在等效多孔介质(EPM)上，因为这是最广泛接受和最实用的解决方案。综上所述，这篇综述论文的重点是基于TotalEnergies资助的水力表征项目对Sherwood砂岩含水层流动非均质性建模的新方法，该项目针对的是由Sherwood砂岩组组成的三叠纪地层，而不是二叠纪地层。在英国三叠纪砂岩中也对沉积成因和构造成因的流动非均质性进行了无角度的地下水流动模拟(Medici et al. 2019a, b)。
{"title":"Reply to Discussion on ‘Review of groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling approaches for the Sherwood Sandstone Aquifer, UK; insights from analogous successions worldwide’ by Medici and West (\u0000 QJEGH\u0000 , 55, qjegh2021-176)","authors":"G. Medici, L. West","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-097","url":null,"abstract":"Sandstone aquifers are challenging to characterize, model and review due to interplays between intergranular porosities, narrow fractures and rock discontinuities enlarged by the groundwater flow (Tellam and Barker 2006; Hitchmough et al. 2007, Bashar and Tellam 2011, Medici et al. 2019). New data collected, and advances in hydraulic testing and modelling techniques should guide the next steps on research on sandstone aquifers worldwide. The contribution of Medici and West (2022) is intended to point the hydrogeological community towards more novel modelling approaches that need to be integrated with all the previous practices for the Sherwood Sandstone aquifer, that have mostly focussed on the Equivalent Porous Medium (EPM), as this is the most widely accepted and practical solution. The focus of the review paper is thus novel approaches to modelling of the flow heterogeneities of the Sherwood Sandstone aquifer as a consequence of a hydraulic characterization project funded by TotalEnergies, which was specific to the Triassic comprising the Sherwood Sandstone Group rather than Permian strata. The flow heterogeneities of sedimentary origin and tectonic origin have also been reviewed in the UK Triassic Sandstone with no angle on groundwater flow modelling (Medici et al. 2019a, b).","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48427223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of the north Cheshire - Knutsford Group - of meres (lakes) in the UK formed naturally by dissolution of Triassic halite after the Devensian glaciation. Anthropogenic brine extraction in the 19 th and 20 th Centuries produced further subsidence that enlarged some meres and formed the new lake of Melchett Mere. The characteristic features of three meres, Rostherne, Melchett and Tatton are compared here by historical surveys, maps, photographs and LiDAR interpretations. These illustrate the similarities of the natural and anthropogenic subsidence features, which can only be separated by temporal evidence of their formation. Rostherne Mere and Tatton Mere are mainly natural, though deepened or made larger by anthropogenic salt dissolution; Melchett Mere is completely anthropogenic and mainly formed between 1927 and 2003. All three meres are surrounded by landslip scars related to the subsidence. Former brine pumping at Northwich, Plumley and possibly Agden is implicated in the formation of Melchett Mere and the reactivation of natural subsidence at Rostherne and Tatton meres plus The Mere along with Tabley, Pickmere and Budworth meres to the south west. The brine run linkages between these abstraction areas and the subsidence crosses the route of the proposed HS2 railway.
{"title":"Natural and anthropogenic halite karst subsidence in north Cheshire, UK; comparison of Rostherne Mere, Melchett Mere, Tatton Mere and their surroundings","authors":"C. Serridge, A. Cooper","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most of the north Cheshire - Knutsford Group - of meres (lakes) in the UK formed naturally by dissolution of Triassic halite after the Devensian glaciation. Anthropogenic brine extraction in the 19\u0000 th\u0000 and 20\u0000 th\u0000 Centuries produced further subsidence that enlarged some meres and formed the new lake of Melchett Mere. The characteristic features of three meres, Rostherne, Melchett and Tatton are compared here by historical surveys, maps, photographs and LiDAR interpretations. These illustrate the similarities of the natural and anthropogenic subsidence features, which can only be separated by temporal evidence of their formation. Rostherne Mere and Tatton Mere are mainly natural, though deepened or made larger by anthropogenic salt dissolution; Melchett Mere is completely anthropogenic and mainly formed between 1927 and 2003. All three meres are surrounded by landslip scars related to the subsidence. Former brine pumping at Northwich, Plumley and possibly Agden is implicated in the formation of Melchett Mere and the reactivation of natural subsidence at Rostherne and Tatton meres plus The Mere along with Tabley, Pickmere and Budworth meres to the south west. The brine run linkages between these abstraction areas and the subsidence crosses the route of the proposed HS2 railway.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47547275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal inertia is a geophysical quantity used to characterize geological features. Apparent Thermal Inertia (ATI) is an alternative quantity to be derived from remotely sensed data. Calculation of the conventional ATI requires acquisition of a pair of daytime and night-time images taken within a short time interval that is often difficult to fulfill by satellite remote sensing due to orbit constraints. In this study, we proposed Long-term ATI (LATI) as a new alternative ATI by taking advantage of the large ASTER data archive. Using the Cuprite area, Nevada, U.S., as a test site, ATI was calculated using an ASTER data pair obtained within 2 days. LATI was also calculated using a much further separated ASTER data pair; daytime on 5 August 2000 and night-time on 12 January 2012. These dates were chosen to represent the maximum and minimum yearly surface temperatures. There was a strong positive correlation between ATI and LATI. We can conclude that LATI is useful and superior to the conventional ATI, because the maximum and minimum land surface temperatures tend to converge on certain values and can be used to characterize surface geological features with minimal effects from temporal atmospheric and environmental conditions. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Remote sensing for site investigations on Earth and other planets collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/remote-sensing-for-site-investigations-on-earth-and-other-planets
{"title":"Geological mapping by thermal inertia derived from long-term maximum and minimum temperatures of ASTER data","authors":"Yukie Asano, Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kodama","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-050","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal inertia is a geophysical quantity used to characterize geological features. Apparent Thermal Inertia (ATI) is an alternative quantity to be derived from remotely sensed data. Calculation of the conventional ATI requires acquisition of a pair of daytime and night-time images taken within a short time interval that is often difficult to fulfill by satellite remote sensing due to orbit constraints. In this study, we proposed Long-term ATI (LATI) as a new alternative ATI by taking advantage of the large ASTER data archive.\u0000 Using the Cuprite area, Nevada, U.S., as a test site, ATI was calculated using an ASTER data pair obtained within 2 days. LATI was also calculated using a much further separated ASTER data pair; daytime on 5 August 2000 and night-time on 12 January 2012. These dates were chosen to represent the maximum and minimum yearly surface temperatures. There was a strong positive correlation between ATI and LATI. We can conclude that LATI is useful and superior to the conventional ATI, because the maximum and minimum land surface temperatures tend to converge on certain values and can be used to characterize surface geological features with minimal effects from temporal atmospheric and environmental conditions.\u0000 \u0000 Thematic collection:\u0000 This article is part of the Remote sensing for site investigations on Earth and other planets collection available at:\u0000 https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/remote-sensing-for-site-investigations-on-earth-and-other-planets\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：