{"title":"Composition and Properties of SHCC; Part II: Influence of Elevated Temperatures and Freeze-thaw Cycles on Strain Hardening Cement-based Composites","authors":"R. Wu, P. Wang, F. Wittmann, T. Zhao","doi":"10.1515/rbm14.20.2-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm14.20.2-0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"136 1","pages":"111 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73963515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-01DOI: 10.12900/rbm14.20.1-0004
B. Villmann, Volker Slowik, F. H. Wittmann, P. Vontobel, J. Hovind
The moisture transport properties of cementitious materials may be determined by inverse analysis of easy-to-perform drying experiments. A corresponding method is proposed. It requires the measurement of the time-dependent mass loss of drying samples, includes the numerical simulation of drying, and utilizes an evolutionary optimization algorithm for identifying the moisture transport parameters. By this method, inverse analyses of drying experiments with mortar samples have been carried out whereby different physical models for the moisture transport were applied. Neutron radiographic investigations served for validating the results. The radiographically measured moisture distributions in drying samples were compared to those obtained on the basis of inverse analyses of drying experiments. It was found that different transport models which consider both vapor and liquid water transport yield almost the same results. The latter were also in good agreement with the neutron radiographic observations.
{"title":"Time-dependent Moisture Distribution in Drying Cement Mortars – Results of Neutron Radiography and Inverse Analysis of Drying Tests","authors":"B. Villmann, Volker Slowik, F. H. Wittmann, P. Vontobel, J. Hovind","doi":"10.12900/rbm14.20.1-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12900/rbm14.20.1-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The moisture transport properties of cementitious materials may be determined by inverse analysis of easy-to-perform drying experiments. A corresponding method is proposed. It requires the measurement of the time-dependent mass loss of drying samples, includes the numerical simulation of drying, and utilizes an evolutionary optimization algorithm for identifying the moisture transport parameters. By this method, inverse analyses of drying experiments with mortar samples have been carried out whereby different physical models for the moisture transport were applied. Neutron radiographic investigations served for validating the results. The radiographically measured moisture distributions in drying samples were compared to those obtained on the basis of inverse analyses of drying experiments. It was found that different transport models which consider both vapor and liquid water transport yield almost the same results. The latter were also in good agreement with the neutron radiographic observations.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"29 1","pages":"49 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82284949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Russo, P. Cappelletti, S. Pollone, C. D. Benedetto
{"title":"Interdisciplinary Research about Bourbon's Architectural Heritage: the Case-study of the Immacolatella in Naples","authors":"V. Russo, P. Cappelletti, S. Pollone, C. D. Benedetto","doi":"10.1515/rbm14.20.1-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm14.20.1-0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"16 1","pages":"25 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74919140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Villmann, V. Slowik, F. Wittmann, P. Vontobel, J. Hovind
The moisture transport properties of cementitious materials may be determined by inverse analysis of easy-to-perform drying experiments. A corresponding method is proposed. It requires the measurement of the time-dependent mass loss of drying samples, includes the numerical simulation of drying, and utilizes an evolutionary optimization algorithm for identifying the moisture transport parameters. By this method, inverse analyses of drying experiments with mortar samples have been carried out whereby different physical models for the moisture transport were applied. Neutron radiographic investigations served for validating the results. The radiographically measured moisture distributions in drying samples were compared to those obtained on the basis of inverse analyses of drying experiments. It was found that different transport models which consider both vapor and liquid water transport yield almost the same results. The latter were also in good agreement with the neutron radiographic observations.
{"title":"Time-dependent Moisture Distribution in Drying Cement Mortars – Results of Neutron Radiography and Inverse Analysis of Drying Tests","authors":"B. Villmann, V. Slowik, F. Wittmann, P. Vontobel, J. Hovind","doi":"10.1515/rbm14.20.1-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm14.20.1-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The moisture transport properties of cementitious materials may be determined by inverse analysis of easy-to-perform drying experiments. A corresponding method is proposed. It requires the measurement of the time-dependent mass loss of drying samples, includes the numerical simulation of drying, and utilizes an evolutionary optimization algorithm for identifying the moisture transport parameters. By this method, inverse analyses of drying experiments with mortar samples have been carried out whereby different physical models for the moisture transport were applied. Neutron radiographic investigations served for validating the results. The radiographically measured moisture distributions in drying samples were compared to those obtained on the basis of inverse analyses of drying experiments. It was found that different transport models which consider both vapor and liquid water transport yield almost the same results. The latter were also in good agreement with the neutron radiographic observations.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"8 1","pages":"49 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86111091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-01DOI: 10.12900/rbm14.20.1-0002
D. Gemert, P. Vos, S. Ignoul
The collapse of the tower of the St Willibrordus church at Meldert/Lummen on July 7, 2006 was a traumatic experience for many members of the village community. This paper deals with the multi-disciplinary investigation of the causes of the tower collapse. The correct understanding of the damage phenomena as well as of the collapse mechanism enables to develop the appropriate concepts and technologies for the renovation of the tower and for the restoration of the damaged parts of the church nave. The important phases of the restoration project are described. The restoration was executed in the period 2011-2013.
{"title":"Collapse and Reconstruction of the Tower of the St Willibrordus Church at Meldert Lummen (B)","authors":"D. Gemert, P. Vos, S. Ignoul","doi":"10.12900/rbm14.20.1-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12900/rbm14.20.1-0002","url":null,"abstract":"The collapse of the tower of the St Willibrordus church at Meldert/Lummen on July 7, 2006 was a traumatic experience for many members of the village community. This paper deals with the multi-disciplinary investigation of the causes of the tower collapse. The correct understanding of the damage phenomena as well as of the collapse mechanism enables to develop the appropriate concepts and technologies for the renovation of the tower and for the restoration of the damaged parts of the church nave. The important phases of the restoration project are described. The restoration was executed in the period 2011-2013.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"11 1","pages":"24 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73024717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early Information on Corrosion Initiation in Reinforced Concrete Structures Exposed to Aggressive Environment","authors":"Z. Bi, P. Zhang, F. Wittmann, T. Zhao, P. Wang","doi":"10.1515/rbm14.20.1-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm14.20.1-0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"19 1","pages":"63 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83805811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-01DOI: 10.1201/9781315616995-229
D. Gemert, P. Vos, S. Ignoul
{"title":"Collapse and Reconstruction of the Tower of the St Willibrordus Church at Meldert Lummen (B)","authors":"D. Gemert, P. Vos, S. Ignoul","doi":"10.1201/9781315616995-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315616995-229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"30 1","pages":"3 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83286025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-01DOI: 10.12900/rbm14.20.1-0003
V. Russo, P. Cappelletti, S. Pollone, C. D. Benedetto
The Immacolatella building in the port of Naples is one of the last examples of the modern planning supported by Charles III in order to make Naples the new capital of the Spanish Reign of Bourbon in mid-18th century. It is a very important symbol in the Neapolitan memory of the emigration to the United States in early 1900s. Despite its historical value, the building is affected by severe decay due to both negligence and weathering, which are caused by its onshore location. This paper shows the results of interdisciplinary research undertaken in the University of Naples with the aim of giving a preliminary knowledge for its preservation. By means of historical sources and mensio-chronological analyses, the building development was retraced. Moreover, laboratory tests were carried out in order to collect information about geomaterials. The collected data show the high vulnerabilities of this Royal building and the need to create a multidisciplinary strategy for its preservation.
{"title":"Interdisciplinary Research about Bourbon's Architectural Heritage: the Case-study of the Immacolatella in Naples","authors":"V. Russo, P. Cappelletti, S. Pollone, C. D. Benedetto","doi":"10.12900/rbm14.20.1-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12900/rbm14.20.1-0003","url":null,"abstract":"The Immacolatella building in the port of Naples is one of the last examples of the modern planning supported by Charles III in order to make Naples the new capital of the Spanish Reign of Bourbon in mid-18th century. It is a very important symbol in the Neapolitan memory of the emigration to the United States in early 1900s. Despite its historical value, the building is affected by severe decay due to both negligence and weathering, which are caused by its onshore location. This paper shows the results of interdisciplinary research undertaken in the University of Naples with the aim of giving a preliminary knowledge for its preservation. By means of historical sources and mensio-chronological analyses, the building development was retraced. Moreover, laboratory tests were carried out in order to collect information about geomaterials. The collected data show the high vulnerabilities of this Royal building and the need to create a multidisciplinary strategy for its preservation.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"9 1","pages":"25 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89986583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.12900/rbm14.20.3-0018
C. Milan, S. Tattoni
Historical floors in Venice, which can cover large surfaces and have a significant aesthetic value, are made of a homogeneous mixture of lime and aggregate. This allows them to adapt to the movements of the structure to avoid the formation of cracks, and to support heavy loads associated with the commercial and industrial use of the building. From a static point of view, they can be considered as floors on an elastic structure. Load tests together with the related calculations will be analysed using a FEM software and some particularly significant examples of historic buildings will be exposed.
{"title":"Historical Floors in Venice for Industrial and Commercial Use (seminato veneziano)","authors":"C. Milan, S. Tattoni","doi":"10.12900/rbm14.20.3-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12900/rbm14.20.3-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Historical floors in Venice, which can cover large surfaces and have a significant aesthetic value, are made of a homogeneous mixture of lime and aggregate. This allows them to adapt to the movements of the structure to avoid the formation of cracks, and to support heavy loads associated with the commercial and industrial use of the building. From a static point of view, they can be considered as floors on an elastic structure. Load tests together with the related calculations will be analysed using a FEM software and some particularly significant examples of historic buildings will be exposed.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"115 1","pages":"171 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79122298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.12900/rbm14.20.2-0012
Y. Zhao, F. Wittmann, P. Zhang, P. Wang, T. Zhao
Migration of dissolved ions into concrete by capillary absorption (convection) and by diffusion has been studied in great detail in recent years. These two processes are considered to be major mechanisms of chloride penetration into concrete in contact with seawater or with water containing deicing salt. In practice, however, there exist many reinforced concrete structures, such as harbor constructions, subsea tunnels or bridge pillars, which are in permanent or temporary contact with salt containing water under considerable hydrostatic pressure. Penetration of chloride into concrete under hydrostatic pressure has been investigated to the same extent so far. Chloride penetration into concrete under the influence of a hydrostatic pressure has been studied on five types of concrete. The influence of blended cements has been investigated in particular. The results indicate that a pressure less than 0.1 MPa has hardly any influence on chloride penetration. Once the water pressure overcomes 0.3 MPa, the water and chloride penetration depth as well as the chloride content at a given exposure time increase significantly. If fly ash and slag are added to Portland cement, the resistance with respect to water and chloride penetration increases. Longer moist curing reduces the rate of chloride penetration. If an aqueous salt solution penetrates into concrete under hydrostatic pressure, the dissolved chloride does not follow the penetrating water but it is accumulated in a surface near zone. The porous structure of concrete obviously acts like a molecular filter. The ratio between water and chloride penetration depths can expressed by means of an exponential function.
{"title":"Penetration of Water and Chloride Dissolved in Water into Concrete under Hydraulic Pressure","authors":"Y. Zhao, F. Wittmann, P. Zhang, P. Wang, T. Zhao","doi":"10.12900/rbm14.20.2-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12900/rbm14.20.2-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Migration of dissolved ions into concrete by capillary absorption (convection) and by diffusion has been studied in great detail in recent years. These two processes are considered to be major mechanisms of chloride penetration into concrete in contact with seawater or with water containing deicing salt. In practice, however, there exist many reinforced concrete structures, such as harbor constructions, subsea tunnels or bridge pillars, which are in permanent or temporary contact with salt containing water under considerable hydrostatic pressure. Penetration of chloride into concrete under hydrostatic pressure has been investigated to the same extent so far. Chloride penetration into concrete under the influence of a hydrostatic pressure has been studied on five types of concrete. The influence of blended cements has been investigated in particular. The results indicate that a pressure less than 0.1 MPa has hardly any influence on chloride penetration. Once the water pressure overcomes 0.3 MPa, the water and chloride penetration depth as well as the chloride content at a given exposure time increase significantly. If fly ash and slag are added to Portland cement, the resistance with respect to water and chloride penetration increases. Longer moist curing reduces the rate of chloride penetration. If an aqueous salt solution penetrates into concrete under hydrostatic pressure, the dissolved chloride does not follow the penetrating water but it is accumulated in a surface near zone. The porous structure of concrete obviously acts like a molecular filter. The ratio between water and chloride penetration depths can expressed by means of an exponential function.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"78 1","pages":"117 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87558888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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