Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1097/RD9.0000000000000005
Jie Yan, Yunlong Cai, S. Dai, Xiaojin He, Yingmei Sun, Yun-xia Cao, J. Qiao, R. Chian
Abstract Objective: There are few reports of live births from heterotopic transplantation of frozen-thawed ovarian tissue. The purpose of this study is to assess the follicular development in the frozen-thawed ovarian tissues following heterotopic transplantation in both female and male bodies. Methods: Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) mice (6-8 weeks) were used in this study as ovarian tissue donors and foster mothers for embryo transfer. Sperm from CD1 male mice were used for insemination by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Nude severe combined immunodeficiency mice (8 weeks) were employed as recipients of ovarian tissue transplantation. The frozen-thawed ovarian tissues were transplanted to 4 sites on each mouse, female and male, subcutaneously. After 3 months, both female and male mice were injected with 5.0 IU gonadotropins intraperitoneally. Post 48 hours of injection, the mouse was killed for ovarian transplant collection. Only fully grown oocytes with contacted cumulus cells (cumulus-oocyte complexes) were then selected for maturation in vitro. In vitro matured oocytes were inseminated with fresh sperm by ICSI, and the developed blastocysts were frozen using the vitrification method and stored until embryo transfer. After thawing, the thawed blastocysts were incubated for at least 2 hours before the transfer. The foster mice mothers mated with vasectomised male 3 days previously. Live birth was monitored at 19 days after transfer, and the resulted offspring was raised for fertility test. Results: The relatively high recovery rates of the transplanted ovarian tissues were collected in both frozen-thawed and fresh ovarian tissue transplants from both female and male bodies. The fully grown immature oocytes became mature in vitro and the fertilized zygotes developed to blastocyst stage. There are no differences between frozen-thawed and fresh ovarian transplants in term of oocyte quality and embryo development to blastocyst rates. Nineteen-day post-transfer, 3 foster mothers from the frozen-thawed ovarian tissue transplant group delivered 13 pups and the 4 foster mothers of the fresh ovarian tissue transplant group delivered 12 live pups. The produced offspring were normal in appearance and grew healthy and fertile. Conclusions: Our results attest that the follicles can survive and develop in the frozen-thawed ovarian tissues following the subcutaneous transplant to adult male mouse's body regardless of basal endocrinal environment. Those fully grown oocytes can produce healthy and fertile offspring which will provide the possibility for further mechanistic understanding of endocrinology of folliculogenesis.
{"title":"Offspring from oocytes grown in frozen-thawed ovarian tissues transplanted to male and female bodies","authors":"Jie Yan, Yunlong Cai, S. Dai, Xiaojin He, Yingmei Sun, Yun-xia Cao, J. Qiao, R. Chian","doi":"10.1097/RD9.0000000000000005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/RD9.0000000000000005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: There are few reports of live births from heterotopic transplantation of frozen-thawed ovarian tissue. The purpose of this study is to assess the follicular development in the frozen-thawed ovarian tissues following heterotopic transplantation in both female and male bodies. Methods: Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) mice (6-8 weeks) were used in this study as ovarian tissue donors and foster mothers for embryo transfer. Sperm from CD1 male mice were used for insemination by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Nude severe combined immunodeficiency mice (8 weeks) were employed as recipients of ovarian tissue transplantation. The frozen-thawed ovarian tissues were transplanted to 4 sites on each mouse, female and male, subcutaneously. After 3 months, both female and male mice were injected with 5.0 IU gonadotropins intraperitoneally. Post 48 hours of injection, the mouse was killed for ovarian transplant collection. Only fully grown oocytes with contacted cumulus cells (cumulus-oocyte complexes) were then selected for maturation in vitro. In vitro matured oocytes were inseminated with fresh sperm by ICSI, and the developed blastocysts were frozen using the vitrification method and stored until embryo transfer. After thawing, the thawed blastocysts were incubated for at least 2 hours before the transfer. The foster mice mothers mated with vasectomised male 3 days previously. Live birth was monitored at 19 days after transfer, and the resulted offspring was raised for fertility test. Results: The relatively high recovery rates of the transplanted ovarian tissues were collected in both frozen-thawed and fresh ovarian tissue transplants from both female and male bodies. The fully grown immature oocytes became mature in vitro and the fertilized zygotes developed to blastocyst stage. There are no differences between frozen-thawed and fresh ovarian transplants in term of oocyte quality and embryo development to blastocyst rates. Nineteen-day post-transfer, 3 foster mothers from the frozen-thawed ovarian tissue transplant group delivered 13 pups and the 4 foster mothers of the fresh ovarian tissue transplant group delivered 12 live pups. The produced offspring were normal in appearance and grew healthy and fertile. Conclusions: Our results attest that the follicles can survive and develop in the frozen-thawed ovarian tissues following the subcutaneous transplant to adult male mouse's body regardless of basal endocrinal environment. Those fully grown oocytes can produce healthy and fertile offspring which will provide the possibility for further mechanistic understanding of endocrinology of folliculogenesis.","PeriodicalId":20959,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"13 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46990378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1097/RD9.0000000000000023
Jin Huang, Ya-xin Yao, Yan Zhou, Jialin Jia, Jing Wang, Jun Ren, Ping Liu, Sijia Lu
Abstract Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a widely adopted screening method that can be performed to identify and select embryos with normal ploidy; however, PGT relies on embryo biopsy, that is, polar body, embryo cells, or trophectoderm biopsy, to obtain embryonic DNA, increase its technical limitations. Studies have indicated that biopsy may have an influence on the quality and development of embryos, and increase the chance of abnormal epigenetic modifications. Therefore, non-invasive PGT (niPGT) detection of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has gradually become a hot research topic in the field of assisted reproduction. Studies showed cfDNA could be detected in blastocyst fluid and spent culture medium (SCM) in vitro cultured embryos. The cfDNA collection requires less skill and makes lower risk to embryos. Some studies have been conducted to evaluate the feasibility of SCM-based niPGT approaches. When comparing the ploidy consistency of cfDNA in SCM, its consistency to the conventional PGT for aneuploidies results fluctuated widely, it is critical to recognize the factors influencing accuracy. These contradictory results may be related to factors such as the difference in SCM sampling methods and sampling time, and the definition of consistency. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize how researchers use embryonic cfDNA to conduct niPGT detection. It also systematically reviews the factors affecting the accuracy of the test and its underlying issues, as well as prospective applications. We hope to provide a basis for future niPGT research and a useful reference for the standardized operation of niPGT that can be widely applied in clinical practice.
{"title":"Non-invasive chromosome screening for embryo preimplantation using cell-free DNA","authors":"Jin Huang, Ya-xin Yao, Yan Zhou, Jialin Jia, Jing Wang, Jun Ren, Ping Liu, Sijia Lu","doi":"10.1097/RD9.0000000000000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/RD9.0000000000000023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a widely adopted screening method that can be performed to identify and select embryos with normal ploidy; however, PGT relies on embryo biopsy, that is, polar body, embryo cells, or trophectoderm biopsy, to obtain embryonic DNA, increase its technical limitations. Studies have indicated that biopsy may have an influence on the quality and development of embryos, and increase the chance of abnormal epigenetic modifications. Therefore, non-invasive PGT (niPGT) detection of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has gradually become a hot research topic in the field of assisted reproduction. Studies showed cfDNA could be detected in blastocyst fluid and spent culture medium (SCM) in vitro cultured embryos. The cfDNA collection requires less skill and makes lower risk to embryos. Some studies have been conducted to evaluate the feasibility of SCM-based niPGT approaches. When comparing the ploidy consistency of cfDNA in SCM, its consistency to the conventional PGT for aneuploidies results fluctuated widely, it is critical to recognize the factors influencing accuracy. These contradictory results may be related to factors such as the difference in SCM sampling methods and sampling time, and the definition of consistency. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize how researchers use embryonic cfDNA to conduct niPGT detection. It also systematically reviews the factors affecting the accuracy of the test and its underlying issues, as well as prospective applications. We hope to provide a basis for future niPGT research and a useful reference for the standardized operation of niPGT that can be widely applied in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":20959,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"113 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47624556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/2096-2924.327881
A. Hosseini, B. Movaghar, Showra Abkenari, H. Nazari, M. Bakhtiyari
Objective: Among the various in vitro embryo culture systems, co-culture has demonstrated remarkable effects in pre-implantation embryo development owing to the production of embryo-nourishing factors. Nevertheless, little is known about the secretion of these factors. Therefore, in this study, the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), one of the most important nourishing factors in the early development of mouse embryos, in human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) was evaluated. Methods: Two-cell stage embryos were collected from the oviducts of hyper-stimulated and mated mice and cultivated in a co-culture with an hEEC monolayer with or without LIF. The quality and developmental and attachment potential rates of cultured embryos were evaluated by determining the levels of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and caudal type homeobox 2 (Cdx2) transcripts. Results: LIF significantly increased the developmental rate (82.67% vs. 61.04%, respectively) and attachment rate (64% vs. 45.45%, respectively) of mouse embryos co-cultured with hEECs compared to those in untreated embryos. The expression levels of Oct4 and Cdx2 in blastocysts cultured in the presence of LIF were higher than those in blastocysts cultured without LIF. Conclusions: Despite the secretion of LIF by hEECs during co-culture with embryos, the amount of this factor was insufficient, and its addition to the culture media could increase the developmental potential of embryos.
{"title":"Leukemia inhibitory factor enhanced the developmental and implantation compatibility of mouse embryos in co-culture with human endometrial epithelial cells","authors":"A. Hosseini, B. Movaghar, Showra Abkenari, H. Nazari, M. Bakhtiyari","doi":"10.4103/2096-2924.327881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2096-2924.327881","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Among the various in vitro embryo culture systems, co-culture has demonstrated remarkable effects in pre-implantation embryo development owing to the production of embryo-nourishing factors. Nevertheless, little is known about the secretion of these factors. Therefore, in this study, the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), one of the most important nourishing factors in the early development of mouse embryos, in human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) was evaluated. Methods: Two-cell stage embryos were collected from the oviducts of hyper-stimulated and mated mice and cultivated in a co-culture with an hEEC monolayer with or without LIF. The quality and developmental and attachment potential rates of cultured embryos were evaluated by determining the levels of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and caudal type homeobox 2 (Cdx2) transcripts. Results: LIF significantly increased the developmental rate (82.67% vs. 61.04%, respectively) and attachment rate (64% vs. 45.45%, respectively) of mouse embryos co-cultured with hEECs compared to those in untreated embryos. The expression levels of Oct4 and Cdx2 in blastocysts cultured in the presence of LIF were higher than those in blastocysts cultured without LIF. Conclusions: Despite the secretion of LIF by hEECs during co-culture with embryos, the amount of this factor was insufficient, and its addition to the culture media could increase the developmental potential of embryos.","PeriodicalId":20959,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"199 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48055759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between cohesin subunit REC8 reduction and meiosis chromosome segregation errors in the ovary. Methods: Rec8+/− mice were generated using CRIPSR/Cas9 gene editing. The association between age and REC8 expression levels in the ovary was determined by Western blotting. Chromosome segregation errors were investigated by immunofluorescence imaging of superovulated oocytes. Wild-type and Rec8+/− female mice at 5, 8, 20, 36, and 40 weeks were used to evaluate ovarian reserve by ovarian clearing and immunolabeling. Results: Ovary REC8 expression levels gradually decreased with age, while chromosome segregation errors increased with age. Segregation errors were more common in Rec8+/− mice, suggesting an association with REC8 expression. The ovarian reserve capacity decreased significantly with age. The ovarian reserve in Rec8+/− mice was inferior to that of age-matched wild-type mice, indicating important roles of age and REC8 levels in the ovarian reserve. Conclusions: REC8 reduction has an age-cumulative effect on meiotic chromosome segregation errors in mouse ovaries. Rec8 haploinsufficiency poses a major challenge in generating normal and reproductive oocytes in aging mice.
{"title":"Age-cumulative effect of REC8 reduction on meiotic chromosome segregation errors in mice","authors":"Liqiang Tian, Ling Zhang, Chengqiu Tao, Xia Lin, Feng Zhang, Bin Zhang","doi":"10.4103/2096-2924.327880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2096-2924.327880","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between cohesin subunit REC8 reduction and meiosis chromosome segregation errors in the ovary. Methods: Rec8+/− mice were generated using CRIPSR/Cas9 gene editing. The association between age and REC8 expression levels in the ovary was determined by Western blotting. Chromosome segregation errors were investigated by immunofluorescence imaging of superovulated oocytes. Wild-type and Rec8+/− female mice at 5, 8, 20, 36, and 40 weeks were used to evaluate ovarian reserve by ovarian clearing and immunolabeling. Results: Ovary REC8 expression levels gradually decreased with age, while chromosome segregation errors increased with age. Segregation errors were more common in Rec8+/− mice, suggesting an association with REC8 expression. The ovarian reserve capacity decreased significantly with age. The ovarian reserve in Rec8+/− mice was inferior to that of age-matched wild-type mice, indicating important roles of age and REC8 levels in the ovarian reserve. Conclusions: REC8 reduction has an age-cumulative effect on meiotic chromosome segregation errors in mouse ovaries. Rec8 haploinsufficiency poses a major challenge in generating normal and reproductive oocytes in aging mice.","PeriodicalId":20959,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"193 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41908224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To identify the sociodemographic characteristics, motivations, and semen parameters of sperm donors in Shanghai, China. Methods: The participants were sperm donors associated with the Human Sperm Bank of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Among the 334 sperm donors that applied for participation, 329 completed the survey process. The responses obtained in the questionnaire and face-to-face interviews were used to investigate the donor motivations and characteristics, and the semen quality was examined to identify the sperm parameter. Results: In terms of the sociodemographic characteristics, an altruistic donor in this study was aged between 26 and 30 years, was single, did not have a child, had a college or undergraduate education level, was of the Han ethnicity, and worked full time. The strongest motivation highlighted by sperm donors was a donation for altruistic (26.4%, n = 87) reasons. The second-highest rated motivation was curiosity (20.7%, n = 68), followed by a desire to procreate (17.9%, n = 59). “Complimentary body checks” (14.3%, n = 47) and “financial incentives” (14.7%, n = 47) were regarded as less important. The average semen parameters of the 329 donors were as follows: the semen volume was 3.39 ± 1.21 mL, the semen concentration was 82.75 × 106/mL, the progressive motility rate (PR%) was 63.77% ± 3.13%, the total motility rate was 66.26%, the total progressive motile count was 158.31% ± 54.43 × 106/mL, and the round cell concentration was 0.38 ± 0.51 × 106/mL. The PR% of the procreation motivation group was significantly higher than that of the other motivation groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Sperm donors in Shanghai, China, are altruistic about their donation, although curiosity is also a key motivator. In addition, the decisions of donors are culturally influenced, and the motivation to procreate may influence the PR%.
{"title":"Sperm donors in Shanghai, China: A study of motivations, characteristics, and semen parameters of actual sperm donors","authors":"Xiao Wang, Minxin Chen, Feng Zhang, Guo-qing Liang, Hongming Zhu, Bai-Lan Feng, Zhijia Tao, F. Jiang","doi":"10.4103/2096-2924.327879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2096-2924.327879","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify the sociodemographic characteristics, motivations, and semen parameters of sperm donors in Shanghai, China. Methods: The participants were sperm donors associated with the Human Sperm Bank of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Among the 334 sperm donors that applied for participation, 329 completed the survey process. The responses obtained in the questionnaire and face-to-face interviews were used to investigate the donor motivations and characteristics, and the semen quality was examined to identify the sperm parameter. Results: In terms of the sociodemographic characteristics, an altruistic donor in this study was aged between 26 and 30 years, was single, did not have a child, had a college or undergraduate education level, was of the Han ethnicity, and worked full time. The strongest motivation highlighted by sperm donors was a donation for altruistic (26.4%, n = 87) reasons. The second-highest rated motivation was curiosity (20.7%, n = 68), followed by a desire to procreate (17.9%, n = 59). “Complimentary body checks” (14.3%, n = 47) and “financial incentives” (14.7%, n = 47) were regarded as less important. The average semen parameters of the 329 donors were as follows: the semen volume was 3.39 ± 1.21 mL, the semen concentration was 82.75 × 106/mL, the progressive motility rate (PR%) was 63.77% ± 3.13%, the total motility rate was 66.26%, the total progressive motile count was 158.31% ± 54.43 × 106/mL, and the round cell concentration was 0.38 ± 0.51 × 106/mL. The PR% of the procreation motivation group was significantly higher than that of the other motivation groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Sperm donors in Shanghai, China, are altruistic about their donation, although curiosity is also a key motivator. In addition, the decisions of donors are culturally influenced, and the motivation to procreate may influence the PR%.","PeriodicalId":20959,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"213 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43798761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/2096-2924.334381
Jian-qi Wang, Change Mu, Yang Sun, Jinquan Lu, Haibin Wang
Placental morphogenesis is a highly dynamic process involving mutual recognition and interlacing between the trophoblast–uterus and ultimately the initiation of the maternal–fetal circulatory system. During placental morphogenesis in mice, the trophoblast lineage, which integrates maternal and fetal signaling, undergoes stage-specific changes in gene regulatory programs directing cellular proliferation and fate specification, generating diverse trophoblast subtypes. While accumulating evidence from studies on genetically engineered and mutant mice has revealed the involvement of cell-specific core transcription factors in certain key events during placental morphogenesis, the precise molecular mechanisms by which multipotent trophoblasts gradually differentiate into different subtypes are still largely unknown. In this review, we primarily focus on mutant mouse models with placental phenotypes to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell-fate specification and cellular diversity of the trophoblast lineage during the placental morphogenesis.
{"title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying cell-fate specification and cellular diversity of the trophoblast lineage during placental morphogenesis in mice","authors":"Jian-qi Wang, Change Mu, Yang Sun, Jinquan Lu, Haibin Wang","doi":"10.4103/2096-2924.334381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2096-2924.334381","url":null,"abstract":"Placental morphogenesis is a highly dynamic process involving mutual recognition and interlacing between the trophoblast–uterus and ultimately the initiation of the maternal–fetal circulatory system. During placental morphogenesis in mice, the trophoblast lineage, which integrates maternal and fetal signaling, undergoes stage-specific changes in gene regulatory programs directing cellular proliferation and fate specification, generating diverse trophoblast subtypes. While accumulating evidence from studies on genetically engineered and mutant mice has revealed the involvement of cell-specific core transcription factors in certain key events during placental morphogenesis, the precise molecular mechanisms by which multipotent trophoblasts gradually differentiate into different subtypes are still largely unknown. In this review, we primarily focus on mutant mouse models with placental phenotypes to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell-fate specification and cellular diversity of the trophoblast lineage during the placental morphogenesis.","PeriodicalId":20959,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"220 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46883886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Increasing evidences have shown that prepregnancy maternal weight and gestational weight gain (GWG) may associate with offspring's neurodevelopment. However, the effects of prepregnancy maternal overweight, obesity, and excessive GWG on offspring's intelligence remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to re-assess the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG, and children's intelligence. Methods: We systematically searched multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Ovid Medline, from their inception through February 2021. Studies assessing the association between prepregnancy BMI or GWG and children's intelligence were further screened manually before final inclusion. Cohorts that analyzed the association between prepregnancy BMI or GWG and intelligence of offspring were included, and we used the Mantel–Haenszel fixed-effects method to compute the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each study. Results:A total of 12 articles were included in this systematic review, while six of them in the meta-analysis. There was a significant full-scale IQ reduction in children born from overweight and obese mothers, with WMDs of −3.08 (95% CI: −4.02, −2.14) and −4.91 (95% CI: −6.40, −3.42), respectively. Compared with control group, the WMDs for performance and verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) were decreased in overweight and obesity groups. However, we observed no association between children's full-scale IQ and excessive GWG with WMD of −0.14 (95% CI: −0.92, 0.65). Conclusions: Women's prepregnancy overweight and obesity adversely associate with children's intelligence but no association with excessive GWG. Our study suggests that further researches focusing on the effect of prepregnancy maternal health on offspring's intelligence development are needed.
{"title":"Associations of prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and intelligence in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Si-Meng Zhu, Yi-Chen He, Chen Zhang, Yan-ting Wu, He-feng Huang","doi":"10.4103/2096-2924.334380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2096-2924.334380","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Increasing evidences have shown that prepregnancy maternal weight and gestational weight gain (GWG) may associate with offspring's neurodevelopment. However, the effects of prepregnancy maternal overweight, obesity, and excessive GWG on offspring's intelligence remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to re-assess the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG, and children's intelligence. Methods: We systematically searched multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Ovid Medline, from their inception through February 2021. Studies assessing the association between prepregnancy BMI or GWG and children's intelligence were further screened manually before final inclusion. Cohorts that analyzed the association between prepregnancy BMI or GWG and intelligence of offspring were included, and we used the Mantel–Haenszel fixed-effects method to compute the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each study. Results:A total of 12 articles were included in this systematic review, while six of them in the meta-analysis. There was a significant full-scale IQ reduction in children born from overweight and obese mothers, with WMDs of −3.08 (95% CI: −4.02, −2.14) and −4.91 (95% CI: −6.40, −3.42), respectively. Compared with control group, the WMDs for performance and verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) were decreased in overweight and obesity groups. However, we observed no association between children's full-scale IQ and excessive GWG with WMD of −0.14 (95% CI: −0.92, 0.65). Conclusions: Women's prepregnancy overweight and obesity adversely associate with children's intelligence but no association with excessive GWG. Our study suggests that further researches focusing on the effect of prepregnancy maternal health on offspring's intelligence development are needed.","PeriodicalId":20959,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"247 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43902995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/2096-2924.325828
Chunqin Chen, Songcun Wang, Fengrun Sun, Mengdie Li, M. Du, Ying Zhang
Objective: To investigate the frequency and function of Tim-3+CD8+T cells in the third trimester of normal pregnancies (NPs) and preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies. Methods: T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) expression levels of CD8+T cells in the decidua, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood obtained from women showing NPs and PE pregnancies were analyzed using flow cytometry. Decidual CD8+T cells were cultured in the presence of recombinant human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) protein and/or Tim-3-specific neutralizing antibodies for analyzing CD107a and intracellular cytokine expression. The placental CEACAM1 protein expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results: Tim-3+CD8+T cells were more abundant in the decidua than in the peripheral blood. Tim-3 expression in the decidual CD8+T cells was significantly lower in PE patients. Decidual Tim-3+CD8+T cells from PE patients expressed higher levels of CD107a and the Th1-type cytokine IFN-γ, but lower levels of the Th2-type cytokine IL-4. CEACAM1 altered the CD107a, IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels; this was reversed by anti-Tim-3 antibodies. The CEACAM1 protein levels were lower in the placental tissues of women with PE pregnancies than in those of women with NPs. Conclusions: Abnormal CEACAM1/Tim-3 regulation may participate in the development of PE, accompanied by disturbed Th2 cell predominance and higher cytotoxicity of decidual CD8+T cells.
{"title":"Altered carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1/T-Cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 signaling causes the dysregulation of decidual CD8+T cells in the third trimester during preeclamptic pregnancies","authors":"Chunqin Chen, Songcun Wang, Fengrun Sun, Mengdie Li, M. Du, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.4103/2096-2924.325828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2096-2924.325828","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the frequency and function of Tim-3+CD8+T cells in the third trimester of normal pregnancies (NPs) and preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies. Methods: T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) expression levels of CD8+T cells in the decidua, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood obtained from women showing NPs and PE pregnancies were analyzed using flow cytometry. Decidual CD8+T cells were cultured in the presence of recombinant human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) protein and/or Tim-3-specific neutralizing antibodies for analyzing CD107a and intracellular cytokine expression. The placental CEACAM1 protein expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results: Tim-3+CD8+T cells were more abundant in the decidua than in the peripheral blood. Tim-3 expression in the decidual CD8+T cells was significantly lower in PE patients. Decidual Tim-3+CD8+T cells from PE patients expressed higher levels of CD107a and the Th1-type cytokine IFN-γ, but lower levels of the Th2-type cytokine IL-4. CEACAM1 altered the CD107a, IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels; this was reversed by anti-Tim-3 antibodies. The CEACAM1 protein levels were lower in the placental tissues of women with PE pregnancies than in those of women with NPs. Conclusions: Abnormal CEACAM1/Tim-3 regulation may participate in the development of PE, accompanied by disturbed Th2 cell predominance and higher cytotoxicity of decidual CD8+T cells.","PeriodicalId":20959,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"206 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42318037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormone therapy, assisted reproductive technology, and regenerative medicine have been used to treat infertility due to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), with limited success. It is timely to survey the field by outlining the controversies and promising prospects of evolving stem cell (SC) therapy for patients with POI. We first discuss several strategies of tissue-derived SC therapy and induced/engineered SC therapy and then enumerate mechanisms, including cellular regenerability induced in reproductive tissues and paracrine effects induced by various chemokines. Next, we evaluate the potential benefits of SC-based tissue engineering in reversing ovarian aging. Finally, we discuss the clinical feasibility of SC therapy and generalized regenerative medicine for the treatment of POI. In summary, SCs and SC-derived exosomes, induced pluripotent SCs, engineered SCs, and tissue engineering could start a new chapter for fertility rehabilitation in patients with POI. Uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms and biological efficacy could be facilitated not only by animal experiments but also by security screening and clinical trials to validate SC-based therapy for POI.
{"title":"Insights into stem cell therapy for premature ovarian insufficiency","authors":"Zhenle Pei, Zhe-yi Wang, Wenhan Lu, Feifei Zhang, Xin Li, Xiaoyu Tong, Yi Feng, Cong-jian Xu","doi":"10.4103/2096-2924.334379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2096-2924.334379","url":null,"abstract":"Hormone therapy, assisted reproductive technology, and regenerative medicine have been used to treat infertility due to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), with limited success. It is timely to survey the field by outlining the controversies and promising prospects of evolving stem cell (SC) therapy for patients with POI. We first discuss several strategies of tissue-derived SC therapy and induced/engineered SC therapy and then enumerate mechanisms, including cellular regenerability induced in reproductive tissues and paracrine effects induced by various chemokines. Next, we evaluate the potential benefits of SC-based tissue engineering in reversing ovarian aging. Finally, we discuss the clinical feasibility of SC therapy and generalized regenerative medicine for the treatment of POI. In summary, SCs and SC-derived exosomes, induced pluripotent SCs, engineered SCs, and tissue engineering could start a new chapter for fertility rehabilitation in patients with POI. Uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms and biological efficacy could be facilitated not only by animal experiments but also by security screening and clinical trials to validate SC-based therapy for POI.","PeriodicalId":20959,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"237 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45687116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2096-2924.324223
M. Anter, Ayman Elkader Shabbana, Alaa Fatahlla Elhalaby, Hager Abd Elfattah Youssif, N. Elkhouly
Objective: To investigate the effect of early versus late amniotomy after induction of labor (IOL) with vaginally administered misoprostol. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menoufia University, from May 2019 to March 2020, and included 120 nulliparous women at term (≥ 37 weeks' gestation) undergoing IOL. Computer-generated randomization was used to randomize the participants into either the early amniotomy group (3 cm cervical dilatation; n = 60) or the late amniotomy group (7 cm cervical dilatation; n = 60). All participants received misoprostol (25 μg) vaginally to induce labor. The primary outcome was the induction-to-delivery interval, defined as the time from the initiation of IOL to the time of delivery. Results: Women in the early amniotomy group had a shorter duration of labor (12.60 ± 5.36 h) than those in the late amniotomy group (16.67 ± 7.26 h). The mean time from rupture of the fetal membrane to delivery was significantly shorter in the late (2.51 ± 0.36 h) than in the early amniotomy group (3.1 ± 0.89 h). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of maternal complications (fever, nausea, vomiting, and uterine hyperstimulation) or neonatal complications (meconium-stained liquor, APGAR score <7 at 1 and 5 min, and neonatal intensive care unit admission). Conclusions: IOL using vaginally administered misoprostol followed by early amniotomy was accompanied by a shorter duration of labor and decreased use of oxytocin. There was no significant difference between the early and late amniotomy groups in terms of the rate of cesarean section or maternal and neonatal complications.
{"title":"Impact of early versus late amniotomy on induction of labor in nulliparous women after vaginally administered misoprostol: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"M. Anter, Ayman Elkader Shabbana, Alaa Fatahlla Elhalaby, Hager Abd Elfattah Youssif, N. Elkhouly","doi":"10.4103/2096-2924.324223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2096-2924.324223","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the effect of early versus late amniotomy after induction of labor (IOL) with vaginally administered misoprostol. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menoufia University, from May 2019 to March 2020, and included 120 nulliparous women at term (≥ 37 weeks' gestation) undergoing IOL. Computer-generated randomization was used to randomize the participants into either the early amniotomy group (3 cm cervical dilatation; n = 60) or the late amniotomy group (7 cm cervical dilatation; n = 60). All participants received misoprostol (25 μg) vaginally to induce labor. The primary outcome was the induction-to-delivery interval, defined as the time from the initiation of IOL to the time of delivery. Results: Women in the early amniotomy group had a shorter duration of labor (12.60 ± 5.36 h) than those in the late amniotomy group (16.67 ± 7.26 h). The mean time from rupture of the fetal membrane to delivery was significantly shorter in the late (2.51 ± 0.36 h) than in the early amniotomy group (3.1 ± 0.89 h). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of maternal complications (fever, nausea, vomiting, and uterine hyperstimulation) or neonatal complications (meconium-stained liquor, APGAR score <7 at 1 and 5 min, and neonatal intensive care unit admission). Conclusions: IOL using vaginally administered misoprostol followed by early amniotomy was accompanied by a shorter duration of labor and decreased use of oxytocin. There was no significant difference between the early and late amniotomy groups in terms of the rate of cesarean section or maternal and neonatal complications.","PeriodicalId":20959,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"148 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45703204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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