In this paper, we rigorously derive the compressible one-fluid Navier–Stokes equations from the scaled compressible two-fluid Navier–Stokes–Maxwell equations under the assumption that the initial data are well prepared. We justify the singular limit by proving the uniform decay of the error system, which is obtained by using the elaborate energy estimates.
{"title":"Rigorous derivation of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations from the two-fluid Navier–Stokes–Maxwell equations","authors":"Yi Peng, Huaqiao Wang","doi":"10.1090/qam/1665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1665","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we rigorously derive the compressible one-fluid Navier–Stokes equations from the scaled compressible two-fluid Navier–Stokes–Maxwell equations under the assumption that the initial data are well prepared. We justify the singular limit by proving the uniform decay of the error system, which is obtained by using the elaborate energy estimates.","PeriodicalId":20964,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly of Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136356124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this text is to elucidate the oscillating patterns (see C. Cheverry [Res. Rep. Math. (2018)]) which are generated in a toroidal plasma by a strong external magnetic field and a nonzero electric field. It is also to justify and then study new modulation equations which are valid for longer times than before. Oscillating coherent structures are induced by the collective motions of charged particles which satisfy a system of ODEs implying a large parameter, the gyrofrequency ε − 1 ≫ 1 varepsilon ^{-1} gg 1 . By exploiting the properties of underlying integrable systems, we can complement the KAM picture (see G. Benettin and P. Sempio [Nonlinearity 7 (1994), pp. 281–303]; M. Braun [SIAM Rev. 23 (1981), pp. 61–93]) and go beyond the classical results about gyrokinetics (see M. Bostan [Multiscale Model. Simul. 8 (2010), pp. 1923–1957]; A. J. Brizard and T. S. Hahm [Rev. Modern Phys. 79 (2007), pp. 421–468]). The purely magnetic situation was addressed by C. Cheverry [Comm. Math. Phys. 338 (2015), pp. 641–703; J. Differential Equations 262 (2017), pp. 2987–3033]. We are concerned here with the numerous additional difficulties due to the influence of a nonzero electric field.
{"title":"Long time gyrokinetic equations","authors":"C. Cheverry, Shahnaz Farhat","doi":"10.1090/qam/1666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1666","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this text is to elucidate the oscillating patterns (see C. Cheverry [Res. Rep. Math. (2018)]) which are generated in a toroidal plasma by a strong external magnetic field and a nonzero electric field. It is also to justify and then study new modulation equations which are valid for longer times than before. Oscillating coherent structures are induced by the collective motions of charged particles which satisfy a system of ODEs implying a large parameter, the gyrofrequency \u0000\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ε\u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ≫\u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 varepsilon ^{-1} gg 1\u0000 \u0000\u0000. By exploiting the properties of underlying integrable systems, we can complement the KAM picture (see G. Benettin and P. Sempio [Nonlinearity 7 (1994), pp. 281–303]; M. Braun [SIAM Rev. 23 (1981), pp. 61–93]) and go beyond the classical results about gyrokinetics (see M. Bostan [Multiscale Model. Simul. 8 (2010), pp. 1923–1957]; A. J. Brizard and T. S. Hahm [Rev. Modern Phys. 79 (2007), pp. 421–468]). The purely magnetic situation was addressed by C. Cheverry [Comm. Math. Phys. 338 (2015), pp. 641–703; J. Differential Equations 262 (2017), pp. 2987–3033]. We are concerned here with the numerous additional difficulties due to the influence of a nonzero electric field.","PeriodicalId":20964,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly of Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48458067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface for the second special issue in honor of C. M. Dafermos","authors":"Govind Menon","doi":"10.1090/qam/1671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1671","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20964,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly of Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43616810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyze the orbital stability of standing waves for a generalized Benney-Roskes system in spatial dimensions N = 2 N=2 , 3 3 . We establish stability of standing waves under certain conditions by reducing the system to a single nonlinear (nonlocal) Schrödinger equation, using the variational characterization of standing waves and a convexity argument.
{"title":"Stability of standing waves for a generalized Benney-Roskes system","authors":"Jose R. Quintero","doi":"10.1090/qam/1654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1654","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the orbital stability of standing waves for a generalized Benney-Roskes system in spatial dimensions \u0000\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 N\u0000 =\u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 N=2\u0000 \u0000\u0000, \u0000\u0000 \u0000 3\u0000 3\u0000 \u0000\u0000. We establish stability of standing waves under certain conditions by reducing the system to a single nonlinear (nonlocal) Schrödinger equation, using the variational characterization of standing waves and a convexity argument.","PeriodicalId":20964,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly of Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47383936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dafermos [Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 70 (1979), pp. 167–179] proved the weak/strong principle for conservation laws. It states that Lipschitz solutions to conservation laws endowed with convex entropies are unique and stable among weak solutions. The method, based on relative entropy, was extended by Di Perna [Indiana Univ. Math. J. 28 (1979), pp. 137–188] to show the uniqueness of shocks among weak solutions with strong traces. This theory has been recently revisited with the notion of weighted contractions up to shifts. We review in this paper recent applications of this method, including the weak/BV principle and the stability of discontinuous solutions among inviscid double limits of Navier-Stokes systems.
Dafermos[拱。合理的机械。[论文集，70(1979)，第167-179页]证明了守恒定律的弱/强原理。说明了具有凸熵的守恒律的Lipschitz解在弱解中是唯一且稳定的。这种基于相对熵的方法，由印第安纳大学数学学院的Di Perna进行了扩展。J. 28 (1979)， pp. 137-188]，以显示具有强迹的弱解中激波的唯一性。这个理论最近被重新审视，提出了加权收缩到位移的概念。本文综述了该方法的最新应用，包括弱/BV原理和Navier-Stokes系统无粘双极限间不连续解的稳定性。
{"title":"A review of recent applications of the relative entropy method to discontinuous solutions of conservation laws","authors":"A. Vasseur","doi":"10.1090/qam/1667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1667","url":null,"abstract":"Dafermos [Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 70 (1979), pp. 167–179] proved the weak/strong principle for conservation laws. It states that Lipschitz solutions to conservation laws endowed with convex entropies are unique and stable among weak solutions. The method, based on relative entropy, was extended by Di Perna [Indiana Univ. Math. J. 28 (1979), pp. 137–188] to show the uniqueness of shocks among weak solutions with strong traces. This theory has been recently revisited with the notion of weighted contractions up to shifts. We review in this paper recent applications of this method, including the weak/BV principle and the stability of discontinuous solutions among inviscid double limits of Navier-Stokes systems.","PeriodicalId":20964,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly of Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45905661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to compare and interpolate signals, we investigate a Riemannian geometry on the space of signals. The metric allows discontinuous signals and measures both horizontal (thus providing many benefits of the Wasserstein metric) and vertical deformations. Moreover, it allows for signed signals, which overcomes the main deficiency of optimal transportation-based metrics in signal processing. We characterize the metric properties of the space of signals and establish the regularity and stability of geodesics. Furthermore, we introduce an efficient numerical scheme to compute the geodesics and present several experiments which highlight the nature of the metric.
{"title":"HV geometry for signal comparison","authors":"Ruiyu Han, Dejan Slepvcev, Yunan Yang","doi":"10.1090/qam/1672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1672","url":null,"abstract":"In order to compare and interpolate signals, we investigate a Riemannian geometry on the space of signals. The metric allows discontinuous signals and measures both horizontal (thus providing many benefits of the Wasserstein metric) and vertical deformations. Moreover, it allows for signed signals, which overcomes the main deficiency of optimal transportation-based metrics in signal processing. We characterize the metric properties of the space of signals and establish the regularity and stability of geodesics. Furthermore, we introduce an efficient numerical scheme to compute the geodesics and present several experiments which highlight the nature of the metric.","PeriodicalId":20964,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly of Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47887859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the well-posedness of the classical Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner mean-field model for Ostwald ripening with singular coefficients, as they appear, for example in two-dimensional diffusion controlled growth. For Hölder-continuous initial data we prove the existence and uniqueness of a global solution with bounded mean-field. If the data are only in Llocq([0,∞))L^q_{loc}([0,infty )) for some q>1q>1 we establish global existence of a solution with a mean-field that is in general unbounded but in Lr(0,T)L^r(0,T) for some r>1r>1 that depends on the coefficients in the model.
我们研究了具有奇异系数的经典Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner平均场模型的适定性，因为它们出现在二维扩散控制生长中。对于Hölder-continuous初始数据，证明了具有有界平均域的全局解的存在唯一性。如果数据只在L L o c q([0，∞))L^q＿{地点}[0]infty 对于某些q >q >q >1，我们建立了一个解的整体存在性，该解具有一般无界的平均域，但在L r(0,T)中，L^r(0,T)对于某些r >r >r取决于模型中的系数。
{"title":"On a singular Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner model","authors":"C. Eichenberg, B. Niethammer, J. Velázquez","doi":"10.1090/qam/1652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1652","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate the well-posedness of the classical Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner mean-field model for Ostwald ripening with singular coefficients, as they appear, for example in two-dimensional diffusion controlled growth. For Hölder-continuous initial data we prove the existence and uniqueness of a global solution with bounded mean-field. If the data are only in <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\u0000<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper L Subscript l o c Superscript q Baseline left-parenthesis left-bracket 0 comma normal infinity right-parenthesis right-parenthesis\">\u0000 <mml:semantics>\u0000 <mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:msubsup>\u0000 <mml:mi>L</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\u0000 <mml:mi>l</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mi>o</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mi>c</mml:mi>\u0000 </mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:mi>q</mml:mi>\u0000 </mml:msubsup>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">[</mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\u0000 <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">∞<!-- ∞ --></mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\u0000 </mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">L^q_{loc}([0,infty ))</mml:annotation>\u0000 </mml:semantics>\u0000</mml:math>\u0000</inline-formula> for some <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\u0000<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"q greater-than 1\">\u0000 <mml:semantics>\u0000 <mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:mi>q</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo>></mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\u0000 </mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">q>1</mml:annotation>\u0000 </mml:semantics>\u0000</mml:math>\u0000</inline-formula> we establish global existence of a solution with a mean-field that is in general unbounded but in <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\u0000<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper L Superscript r Baseline left-parenthesis 0 comma upper T right-parenthesis\">\u0000 <mml:semantics>\u0000 <mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:msup>\u0000 <mml:mi>L</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mi>r</mml:mi>\u0000 </mml:msup>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\u0000 <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mi>T</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\u0000 </mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">L^r(0,T)</mml:annotation>\u0000 </mml:semantics>\u0000</mml:math>\u0000</inline-formula> for some <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\u0000<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"r greater-than 1\">\u0000 <mml:semantics>\u0000 <mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:mi>r</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo>></mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\u0000 </mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">r>1</mml:annotation>\u0000 </mml:semantics>\u0000</mml:math>\u0000</inline-formula> that depends on the coefficients in the model.</p>","PeriodicalId":20964,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly of Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42996868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the properties of discretizations of advection equations on non-Cartesian grids and graphs in general. Advection equations discretized on non-Cartesian grids have remained a long-standing challenge as the structure of the grid can lead to strong oscillations in the solution, even for otherwise constant velocity fields. We introduce a new method to track oscillations of the solution for rough velocity fields on any graph. The method in particular highlights some inherent structural conditions on the mesh for propagating regularity on solutions.
{"title":"Discretizing advection equations with rough velocity fields on non-Cartesian grids","authors":"Pierre-Emmanuel Jabin, Datong Zhou","doi":"10.1090/qam/1649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1649","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the properties of discretizations of advection equations on non-Cartesian grids and graphs in general. Advection equations discretized on non-Cartesian grids have remained a long-standing challenge as the structure of the grid can lead to strong oscillations in the solution, even for otherwise constant velocity fields. We introduce a new method to track oscillations of the solution for rough velocity fields on any graph. The method in particular highlights some inherent structural conditions on the mesh for propagating regularity on solutions.","PeriodicalId":20964,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly of Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136264727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the matrix-scaled resilient consensus problems over multi-agent networks as occurring in computer science and distributed control. Unlike existing works on consensus problems, where the states of agents converge to a common value or reach some prescribed proportions, we take a more general matrix-scaled approach to accommodate the interdependence of multi-dimensional states. We develop a unified analytical framework to deal with matrix-scaled resilient consensus of discrete-time and continuous-time dynamical agents, where the underlying communication network is modeled as a generic directed time-dependent random graph. We propose new distributed protocols to guarantee the matrix-scaled consensus of cooperative agents in the network in the presence of Byzantine agents, who have full knowledge of the system and pose a severe security threat to the collective consensus objective. The cooperative agents feature multiple input and multiple output, and the number and identities of Byzantine agents are not available to the cooperative ones. Our mathematical approach capitalizes on matrix analysis, control theory, graph theory, and martingale convergence. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
{"title":"Matrix-scaled resilient consensus of discrete-time and continuous-time networks","authors":"Y. Shang","doi":"10.1090/qam/1662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1662","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the matrix-scaled resilient consensus problems over multi-agent networks as occurring in computer science and distributed control. Unlike existing works on consensus problems, where the states of agents converge to a common value or reach some prescribed proportions, we take a more general matrix-scaled approach to accommodate the interdependence of multi-dimensional states. We develop a unified analytical framework to deal with matrix-scaled resilient consensus of discrete-time and continuous-time dynamical agents, where the underlying communication network is modeled as a generic directed time-dependent random graph. We propose new distributed protocols to guarantee the matrix-scaled consensus of cooperative agents in the network in the presence of Byzantine agents, who have full knowledge of the system and pose a severe security threat to the collective consensus objective. The cooperative agents feature multiple input and multiple output, and the number and identities of Byzantine agents are not available to the cooperative ones. Our mathematical approach capitalizes on matrix analysis, control theory, graph theory, and martingale convergence. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.","PeriodicalId":20964,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly of Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49657394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the mixing time of a random walk on the torus, alternated with a Lebesgue measure preserving Bernoulli map. Without the Bernoulli map, the mixing time of the random walk alone is O(1/ε2)O(1/varepsilon ^2), where εvarepsilon is the step size. Our main results show that for a class of Bernoulli maps, when the random walk is alternated with the Bernoulli map φvarphi the mixing time becomes O(|lnε|)O(lvert ln varepsilon rvert ). We also study the dissipation time of this process, and obtain O(|lnε|)<
{"title":"Using Bernoulli maps to accelerate mixing of a random walk on the torus","authors":"Gautam Iyer, E. Lu, J. Nolen","doi":"10.1090/qam/1668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1668","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the mixing time of a random walk on the torus, alternated with a Lebesgue measure preserving Bernoulli map. Without the Bernoulli map, the mixing time of the random walk alone is <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\u0000<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper O left-parenthesis 1 slash epsilon squared right-parenthesis\">\u0000 <mml:semantics>\u0000 <mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:mi>O</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\u0000 <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\u0000 <mml:mo>/</mml:mo>\u0000 </mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:msup>\u0000 <mml:mi>ε<!-- ε --></mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\u0000 </mml:msup>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\u0000 </mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">O(1/varepsilon ^2)</mml:annotation>\u0000 </mml:semantics>\u0000</mml:math>\u0000</inline-formula>, where <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\u0000<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"epsilon\">\u0000 <mml:semantics>\u0000 <mml:mi>ε<!-- ε --></mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">varepsilon</mml:annotation>\u0000 </mml:semantics>\u0000</mml:math>\u0000</inline-formula> is the step size. Our main results show that for a class of Bernoulli maps, when the random walk is alternated with the Bernoulli map <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\u0000<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"phi\">\u0000 <mml:semantics>\u0000 <mml:mi>φ<!-- φ --></mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">varphi</mml:annotation>\u0000 </mml:semantics>\u0000</mml:math>\u0000</inline-formula> the mixing time becomes <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\u0000<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper O left-parenthesis StartAbsoluteValue ln epsilon EndAbsoluteValue right-parenthesis\">\u0000 <mml:semantics>\u0000 <mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:mi>O</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mo fence=\"false\" stretchy=\"false\">|<!-- | --></mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mi>ln</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo><!-- --></mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mi>ε<!-- ε --></mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo fence=\"false\" stretchy=\"false\">|<!-- | --></mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\u0000 </mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">O(lvert ln varepsilon rvert )</mml:annotation>\u0000 </mml:semantics>\u0000</mml:math>\u0000</inline-formula>. We also study the <italic>dissipation time</italic> of this process, and obtain <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\u0000<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper O left-parenthesis StartAbsoluteValue ln epsilon EndAbsoluteValue right-parenthesis\">\u0000 <mml:semantics>\u0000 <mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:mi>O</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mo fence=\"false\" stretchy=\"false\">|<!-- | --></mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mi>ln</mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo><!-- --></mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mi>ε<!-- ε --></mml:mi>\u0000 <mml:mo fence=\"false\" stretchy=\"false\">|<!-- | --></mml:mo>\u0000 <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<","PeriodicalId":20964,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly of Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47786720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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