Radiologia diagnostica最新文献

In 30 hypertensives with angina pectoris the acute action of beta-blockers Celiprolol and Metoprolol on the global and coronary haemodynamics was tested within cardiac catheter diagnostics. In accordance with no long-term effects Metoprolol acts negatively inotrope, chronotrope as well as pre- and post-load increasing. Celiprolol lowered the pre- and postload, and increased the cardiac output, but did not influence the heart rate. Both medicaments increased coronary flow and myocardiac oxygen consumption. From the mentioned effects important conclusions for therapy with both Beta-blockers can be derived.

The case of a five year old boy with a double-inlet-left-ventricle and the aorta in 1-malposition, large VSD, ASD and pulmonary stenosis is reported, that showed after modified Fontan surgery severe effusions and a severe protein loss syndrome. Aortopulmonary collaterals were detected as the cause of this and successfully treated in several sessions by percutaneous transluminal embolization.

In a retrospective study we tested several scintigraphic investigations for a total of 2,014 patients. As reference we used the results of biopsy, autopsy or the epicritic final diagnosis before emission, summing all clinical signs as well as the results of additional alternative methods and other imaging methods. Criteria of validity (sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy) are used in a consistent manner. Brain perfusion scintigraphy detected acute cerebral perfusion disorder with a sensitivity of 0.87, differentiating for reversible and irreversible lesions. Carotid angiography had the same diagnostic validity. Because there is no loss of brain substance, the validity of CT and static brain scintigraphy was lower. Skeletal scintigraphy was highly sensitive for the detection of primary and secondary bone tumours as well as for the detection of inflammations and occult fracture. RHS-scintigraphy of the liver, presently used for tumour and metastasis diagnostics after sonography and CT, had a sensitivity of 0.79. It was more sensitive for detecting inflammatory RHS-liver disease (sensitivity 0.95). Biliary scintigraphy was seen under the surgical aspect only for selected questions. It was sensitive for the detection of biliary cyst disorder and the elucidation of complaints after biliary tract sanitation (sensitivities 0.92 and 0.84) and for the detection of duodenogastric reflux (0.7), but was of limited diagnostic value for the differentiation of hepatocellular and obturation icterus with a sensitivity of 0.5.

Three women with dwarfism and skeletal defects characteristic for Kniest's dysplasia are described. In two of the patients (from two generations of one family) there are only skeletal defects. In the third patient they are combined with other symptoms pertaining to the tendons, the sclerae, the eye lenses, the retinal vessels and loss of hearing. This allows the conclusion of genetic variations of the disease--such pertaining to the skeleton and others, where the inferiority of collagen is not limited to the skeleton.

In the past fifteen years, Magnetic Resonance Tomography (MRT) has become a valuable tool for medical diagnostics. At the same time, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) has attracted more and more attention in medical and other related areas of investigations. For both methods it is necessary to provide a magnetic field, which can be generated by resistive magnets, by permanent magnets as well as by superconducting magnets. These three concepts are described and compared together with the advantages of each design and the considerations that must be addressed regarding the planned use and the availability of a suitable site. In addition to the main magnet important additions like gradient and shim coils, aspects of site planning and future problems are discussed.

The value of tomography is beyond all doubt. Custom systems allow the quantitative assessment of topographic and kinetic parameters of various organs and the blood. The assessment of tissue, however, is still qualitative and experimental methods for quantitative tissue characteristics are still expensive. We propose a method, that allows the determination of attenuation coefficients with little technical expense.

Radio-density analysis of selected muscles of normal probands exhibited differences in dependence on age and sex of the probands. Men have a higher muscle density than women. With increasing age muscle densities decrease but with different extent for various muscles. The main value for the decreasing muscle density is 2 HE in 10 years. Well trained sportsmen exhibit slightly increased densities with a significant decreased range of derivations from the mean values. That means their muscles show a more homogeneous density distribution than the controls.

In 232 surgically treated and irradiated patients with breast carcinoma 27 cases of radiogeneous pneumopathia were found and analyzed in the chest radiograph. Special attention was given to the evaluation of the stage and the course of the radiation pneumonitis. No correlation between clinical results and x-ray symptoms was seen. Not every roentgenologically diagnosed pneumonitis is seen in the late follow-up as a fibrosis. The reasons for this are discussed. For the improved detectability of pneumonitic changes in the p.a. or lateral image no significant differences were found and no general rules. Additional CT-investigations of the chest demonstrated the radiogeneous lung changes more clearly and more exactly in its depths. Therefore an exact use of CT in the diagnostics of pneumonitis can be useful, but must be seen under the aspects of relevant therapy the availability of methods and economy.

Within a clinical study on possible regression of arteriosclerotic processes in humans i.v. DSA-images were made and objectively evaluated. For the first time the digital system Densitron 4 was used for this. The image processing nodes of contrast enhancement, gray-scale and color conversion and stenosis evaluation by density sums are demonstrated for two selected cases from 52 intravenous digital subtraction angiographies of the pelvis-leg region. The results show, that digital image processing can enhance information-relevant detail. The preprocessing of densitometric values accounts for the third dimension of the vessel in its morphologic description. Compared with subjective visual evaluation the digital image interpretation facilitates a much higher degree of detectability of small detail located near the vessel walls and a more objective and reproducible evaluation of the degree of stenosis.