Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.15407/etet2022.01.099
V. Blyzniuk
The works by three scientists: D. Card, J. Angrist and G. Imbens received the highest award of economic scientific heritage in memory of A. Nobel last year. The scientific community recognizes their empirical contribution to the labor economy and their original view of causation and justification of methodological approaches to their evaluation in real life. It is well known that most of the problematic issues in the social sciences are related to causation. There is a need to assess the effects of uncontrolled migration on wages and employment in the regions where migrants arrive. And how to assess the impact of the duration of education on future earnings? The lack of a comparative framework, such as information on the consequences of changes in migration or refusal to continue training, makes it very difficult to assess the consequences and causation. But the winners of 2021 proved the possibility of answering such questions by conducting natural experiments that are similar to clinical trials in medicine. The results of their research have allowed economists around the world to obtain and use the toolkit of natural experiment in the study of economic processes. Without violating ethical norms, the winners were able to assess the effects of various factors and the socio-economic effectiveness of causal relationships. A special advantage of their scientific results is the change of the research paradigm and the updating of tools in labor economics. Renouncing the traditional view of experimentation, the Nobel laureates in economics argued that they could consider a significant number of economic agents in roughly the same situation and, observing changes in their behavior and consequences, conclude and evaluate causal relationships. The author of the article, analyzing the scientific achievements of last year's winners, concludes that the latest toolkit for randomized experiments have allowed the winners to get original and very controversial answers to traditional tasks, thus carrying out a "revolution of trust" in economics.
{"title":"Natural experiments as the latest tools in labor economics","authors":"V. Blyzniuk","doi":"10.15407/etet2022.01.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/etet2022.01.099","url":null,"abstract":"The works by three scientists: D. Card, J. Angrist and G. Imbens received the highest award of economic scientific heritage in memory of A. Nobel last year. The scientific community recognizes their empirical contribution to the labor economy and their original view of causation and justification of methodological approaches to their evaluation in real life. It is well known that most of the problematic issues in the social sciences are related to causation. There is a need to assess the effects of uncontrolled migration on wages and employment in the regions where migrants arrive. And how to assess the impact of the duration of education on future earnings? The lack of a comparative framework, such as information on the consequences of changes in migration or refusal to continue training, makes it very difficult to assess the consequences and causation. But the winners of 2021 proved the possibility of answering such questions by conducting natural experiments that are similar to clinical trials in medicine. The results of their research have allowed economists around the world to obtain and use the toolkit of natural experiment in the study of economic processes. Without violating ethical norms, the winners were able to assess the effects of various factors and the socio-economic effectiveness of causal relationships. A special advantage of their scientific results is the change of the research paradigm and the updating of tools in labor economics. Renouncing the traditional view of experimentation, the Nobel laureates in economics argued that they could consider a significant number of economic agents in roughly the same situation and, observing changes in their behavior and consequences, conclude and evaluate causal relationships. The author of the article, analyzing the scientific achievements of last year's winners, concludes that the latest toolkit for randomized experiments have allowed the winners to get original and very controversial answers to traditional tasks, thus carrying out a \"revolution of trust\" in economics.","PeriodicalId":209799,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìčna teorìâ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123605481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.15407/etet2022.01.071
V. Kornivska
The article considers the current trends of strengthening supranational supervision as a result of global counter-crisis reform in the context of the shrinking unregulated space of operational activity of financial intermediaries and the implementation of the principles of global governance. The author characterizes the basic approaches of financial compliance, its goals, and implementation mechanisms in the global and national financial spaces. The legislative and normative basis for the implementation of financial compliance in the European financial and institutional coordinate system is systematized and the effectiveness of supranational financial control systems is determined. Features of supranational regulatory development are revealed. The ambivalence of financial compliance in terms of its implementation in the field of client-bank interaction is shown: against the background of banking dictates about clients, financial institutions themselves have the opportunity to overcome regulatory restrictions by more active use of shadow banking, offshore operations and more. There is a vision of quasi-institutionalization, or imaginary institutionalization, which manifests itself in the formal increase of supervisory procedures, the growth of regulatory mechanisms and the strengthening of general control, and at the same time in the actual avoidance by global financial structures from undesirable financial compliance. It is concluded that global trends of strengthening supervision close to hyperinstitutionalization at the local level lead to the emergence and expansion of non-institutional spaces that are not subject to classical regulation (shadow banking), or in which rules of operation are not available for adoption and use by ordinary entities (banking compliance).
{"title":"Supernational financial market regulation: contradictions of institutionalization","authors":"V. Kornivska","doi":"10.15407/etet2022.01.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/etet2022.01.071","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the current trends of strengthening supranational supervision as a result of global counter-crisis reform in the context of the shrinking unregulated space of operational activity of financial intermediaries and the implementation of the principles of global governance. The author characterizes the basic approaches of financial compliance, its goals, and implementation mechanisms in the global and national financial spaces. The legislative and normative basis for the implementation of financial compliance in the European financial and institutional coordinate system is systematized and the effectiveness of supranational financial control systems is determined. Features of supranational regulatory development are revealed. The ambivalence of financial compliance in terms of its implementation in the field of client-bank interaction is shown: against the background of banking dictates about clients, financial institutions themselves have the opportunity to overcome regulatory restrictions by more active use of shadow banking, offshore operations and more. There is a vision of quasi-institutionalization, or imaginary institutionalization, which manifests itself in the formal increase of supervisory procedures, the growth of regulatory mechanisms and the strengthening of general control, and at the same time in the actual avoidance by global financial structures from undesirable financial compliance. It is concluded that global trends of strengthening supervision close to hyperinstitutionalization at the local level lead to the emergence and expansion of non-institutional spaces that are not subject to classical regulation (shadow banking), or in which rules of operation are not available for adoption and use by ordinary entities (banking compliance).","PeriodicalId":209799,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìčna teorìâ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122858969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.15407/etet2022.01.045
Sergey Arkhiiereiev
The article considers economic and theoretical foundations of reorientation of international business in post-transformation economy and analyzes the multifactor character of this process. When considering geographical reorientation, the need for multi-vector changes is shown, which is not only reduced to East-West processes, but also to North-South ones. The analysis of structural reorientation lead to the conclusion that it is advisable to implement sectoral reorientation in favor of the industrial sector. The study of this process leads to the conclusion that the possibilities are exhausted of reindustrialization on the old industrial basis and there is an urgent need for neo-industrialization, similar to those taking place in the new industrial economies of East Asia. This, in turn, raises the question of the need for changes in the metabolism of knowledge characteristic for economy, when absorption of knowledge begins to play an equal, if not a more important role than its creation. The need to absorb knowledge raises other demands for the integration of production, when the reorientation of international business implies not just reintegration into world trade, but reintegration into world production. At the same time, the structure of the implementation of national output should be changed, and not only in connection with the increase in the share of part of output sold abroad compared to domestic ones, but also in connection with the expansion of progressive forms of export compared to traditional ones. These forms arise mainly through inclusion in global value chains, which significantly increases the opportunities for both export growth and value added in the country's economy as a whole. As a result of the analysis, the author concludes that the reorientation of international business is a complex multifactor phenomenon in which the indissoluble unity of institutional, subjective, object and process economic theoretical foundations is manifested.
{"title":"Economic theoretical foundations of post-transformation reorientation of international business","authors":"Sergey Arkhiiereiev","doi":"10.15407/etet2022.01.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/etet2022.01.045","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers economic and theoretical foundations of reorientation of international business in post-transformation economy and analyzes the multifactor character of this process. When considering geographical reorientation, the need for multi-vector changes is shown, which is not only reduced to East-West processes, but also to North-South ones. The analysis of structural reorientation lead to the conclusion that it is advisable to implement sectoral reorientation in favor of the industrial sector. The study of this process leads to the conclusion that the possibilities are exhausted of reindustrialization on the old industrial basis and there is an urgent need for neo-industrialization, similar to those taking place in the new industrial economies of East Asia. This, in turn, raises the question of the need for changes in the metabolism of knowledge characteristic for economy, when absorption of knowledge begins to play an equal, if not a more important role than its creation. The need to absorb knowledge raises other demands for the integration of production, when the reorientation of international business implies not just reintegration into world trade, but reintegration into world production. At the same time, the structure of the implementation of national output should be changed, and not only in connection with the increase in the share of part of output sold abroad compared to domestic ones, but also in connection with the expansion of progressive forms of export compared to traditional ones. These forms arise mainly through inclusion in global value chains, which significantly increases the opportunities for both export growth and value added in the country's economy as a whole. As a result of the analysis, the author concludes that the reorientation of international business is a complex multifactor phenomenon in which the indissoluble unity of institutional, subjective, object and process economic theoretical foundations is manifested.","PeriodicalId":209799,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìčna teorìâ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123785371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.15407/etet2022.01.026
V. Lypov
The article analyzes the preconditions and mechanisms of management algorithmization on information (digital) platforms (IPs) and their contradictory impact on the transformation of competition in the tourism sector. The sources of competitive advantages of IPs formed as a result of digitalization are presented. The author reveals positive and negative consequences of the influence of platformization on the development of competitive relations for manufacturers and consumers. The negative ones include the monopolization of markets, the transition from the "invisible hand (Providence / market)" to the digital hand of IP and to computing devices that are devoid of subjectivity and from "data mining" to "reality mining", which influences consumer's thinking in order to control his behavior. The IPs assume the role of an intermediary-arbiter between potential competitors for the user's attention. The differences between IP as an innovative institutional form on the one hand, and hierarchical, network and market structures on the other are substantiated. The features of the algorithmic management model are revealed and the mechanisms of its functioning based on the use of rating and ranking tools are shown. It is based on the co-optation of ecosystem participants in the process of solving managerial tasks without delegating leadership powers to them. Managerial influence is replaced by regulation based on the algorithmic involvement of independent participants in the creation of new value. There is a transition from the "iron cage" of bureaucratic procedures to the "invisible cage" of quickly and easily changeable rules established by IP. The users’ ratings are recalculated into constantly renewable ranks, which serve to stimulate responses from producers and users. “Content supervision” by IP turns into a tool of IP’s “supervisory control” over producers. As a result, they, like consumers, become absolutely dependent on IP, which determines the order and carries out the ranking, and thereby predetermines success in the competitive struggle.
{"title":"Contradictions of virtual competition as a result of algorithmization of management on digital platforms: institutional context","authors":"V. Lypov","doi":"10.15407/etet2022.01.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/etet2022.01.026","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the preconditions and mechanisms of management algorithmization on information (digital) platforms (IPs) and their contradictory impact on the transformation of competition in the tourism sector. The sources of competitive advantages of IPs formed as a result of digitalization are presented. The author reveals positive and negative consequences of the influence of platformization on the development of competitive relations for manufacturers and consumers. The negative ones include the monopolization of markets, the transition from the \"invisible hand (Providence / market)\" to the digital hand of IP and to computing devices that are devoid of subjectivity and from \"data mining\" to \"reality mining\", which influences consumer's thinking in order to control his behavior. The IPs assume the role of an intermediary-arbiter between potential competitors for the user's attention. The differences between IP as an innovative institutional form on the one hand, and hierarchical, network and market structures on the other are substantiated. The features of the algorithmic management model are revealed and the mechanisms of its functioning based on the use of rating and ranking tools are shown. It is based on the co-optation of ecosystem participants in the process of solving managerial tasks without delegating leadership powers to them. Managerial influence is replaced by regulation based on the algorithmic involvement of independent participants in the creation of new value. There is a transition from the \"iron cage\" of bureaucratic procedures to the \"invisible cage\" of quickly and easily changeable rules established by IP. The users’ ratings are recalculated into constantly renewable ranks, which serve to stimulate responses from producers and users. “Content supervision” by IP turns into a tool of IP’s “supervisory control” over producers. As a result, they, like consumers, become absolutely dependent on IP, which determines the order and carries out the ranking, and thereby predetermines success in the competitive struggle.","PeriodicalId":209799,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìčna teorìâ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132284954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.15407/etet2022.01.005
V. Tarasevych
This article continues the series of publications on the universum evolution of ancient civilization, its subcivilizations and is devoted to the consideration of controversial socio-economic and political processes in the Athenian area of Ancient Greece in the second half of the 8th - the first half of the 4th century. BC e. Attention is focused on the characteristics of the important stages of state formation in Athens. It is shown that the accelerated development of market and commodity-money relations in the 7th - 6th centuries. BC e., catalyzed, among other things, by the great colonization, multiplies the ranks of unborn, but rich artisans, merchants, merchants, usurers, debtor fetes, contributes to the displacement of patriarchal slavery by the classical one. The deepening gap between the changed and growing economic role of these clusters and their political lack of rights, as well as the split of Eupatrides into marketers and traditionalists, stimulated important pro-state reforms, including the codification of customary law, the establishment of courts, the beginning of the formation of administrative-territorial districts that do not coincide with the tribal territorial division. It is shown that the decomposition of the tribal system took place with the participation of the tribal nobility itself, pursuing selfish interests, which led to the victory of the diacrii and the emergence of the state. The role of Solon’s political activity in the formation of the Athenian state, the tyranny of Peisistratus, the reforms of Cleisthenes-Pericles, which contributed to the birth of the polis-state, are analyzed. And if in the overwhelming majority of cases political regimes drift from democracy to authoritarianism and totalitarianism, then in Athens, on the contrary, democratization dominates. It is concluded that it is with the reforms of Pericles in Athens that the formation of a democratic system in its classical form is completed.
{"title":"Antique civilization: the birth of a polis state","authors":"V. Tarasevych","doi":"10.15407/etet2022.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/etet2022.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"This article continues the series of publications on the universum evolution of ancient civilization, its subcivilizations and is devoted to the consideration of controversial socio-economic and political processes in the Athenian area of Ancient Greece in the second half of the 8th - the first half of the 4th century. BC e. Attention is focused on the characteristics of the important stages of state formation in Athens. It is shown that the accelerated development of market and commodity-money relations in the 7th - 6th centuries. BC e., catalyzed, among other things, by the great colonization, multiplies the ranks of unborn, but rich artisans, merchants, merchants, usurers, debtor fetes, contributes to the displacement of patriarchal slavery by the classical one. The deepening gap between the changed and growing economic role of these clusters and their political lack of rights, as well as the split of Eupatrides into marketers and traditionalists, stimulated important pro-state reforms, including the codification of customary law, the establishment of courts, the beginning of the formation of administrative-territorial districts that do not coincide with the tribal territorial division. It is shown that the decomposition of the tribal system took place with the participation of the tribal nobility itself, pursuing selfish interests, which led to the victory of the diacrii and the emergence of the state. The role of Solon’s political activity in the formation of the Athenian state, the tyranny of Peisistratus, the reforms of Cleisthenes-Pericles, which contributed to the birth of the polis-state, are analyzed. And if in the overwhelming majority of cases political regimes drift from democracy to authoritarianism and totalitarianism, then in Athens, on the contrary, democratization dominates. It is concluded that it is with the reforms of Pericles in Athens that the formation of a democratic system in its classical form is completed.","PeriodicalId":209799,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìčna teorìâ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132924932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.15407/etet2021.04.073
Vasil Kostrytsya, T. Burlai
The shocking consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated the need to ensure the resilience of societies in the face of new epidemiological challenges. An integral element of the resilience system is the efficiency, balance and sustainability of national labor markets and the employment sector as a whole, which has had a devastating effect on the “coronavirus”. The purpose of the study is to identify global post-pandemic destructions in the field of employment, determine the main ways and factors of its recovery, as well as the resource potential of international management structures necessary to accelerate this process. Used statistical and analytical approaches, as well as methods of systemic, comparative and graphical analysis. Analyzed modern international approaches to the formation of employment recovery policy aimed at overcoming the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the world of work, public welfare and social justice. The resource potential of new UN and ILO initiatives to stabilize employment and accelerate the pace of its recovery on a global scale has been revealed. The key factors of the global dynamics of employment recovery have been identified, including: anti-malignant vaccination; fiscal stimulus; labor productivity; work migration; the level of development of national social protection systems and labor market institutions, digitalization, as well as involvement of countries in integration processes. The results of the study prove that in the formation of modern state policy aimed at accelerating the post-pandemic recovery of the economy and society, the key factors of employment recovery, as well as the corresponding strategic initiatives of international institutions, should be taken into account.
{"title":"Employment recovery policy in the post-pandemic period: the international context","authors":"Vasil Kostrytsya, T. Burlai","doi":"10.15407/etet2021.04.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/etet2021.04.073","url":null,"abstract":"The shocking consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated the need to ensure the resilience of societies in the face of new epidemiological challenges. An integral element of the resilience system is the efficiency, balance and sustainability of national labor markets and the employment sector as a whole, which has had a devastating effect on the “coronavirus”. The purpose of the study is to identify global post-pandemic destructions in the field of employment, determine the main ways and factors of its recovery, as well as the resource potential of international management structures necessary to accelerate this process. Used statistical and analytical approaches, as well as methods of systemic, comparative and graphical analysis. Analyzed modern international approaches to the formation of employment recovery policy aimed at overcoming the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the world of work, public welfare and social justice. The resource potential of new UN and ILO initiatives to stabilize employment and accelerate the pace of its recovery on a global scale has been revealed. The key factors of the global dynamics of employment recovery have been identified, including: anti-malignant vaccination; fiscal stimulus; labor productivity; work migration; the level of development of national social protection systems and labor market institutions, digitalization, as well as involvement of countries in integration processes. The results of the study prove that in the formation of modern state policy aimed at accelerating the post-pandemic recovery of the economy and society, the key factors of employment recovery, as well as the corresponding strategic initiatives of international institutions, should be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":209799,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìčna teorìâ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124614572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.15407/etet2021.04.005
V. Heyets
The article presents the results of the analysis of disproportion on the materials characterizing the economy and society of Ukraine, which allowed us to conclude about the formation of a trap of modernization, due to which transformational changes did not achieve the desired result. As a phenomenon, it is due to the relevant processes in society due to its lag in mastering the accumulation of exogenous in the absence of endogenous nature of the experience of the subject of modernization. To resolve contradictions and overcome the gap, it is necessary to implement a model of social life, which will reduce the disproportion. The author’s model of social world development is proposed, which is based on the interaction between the dialectical nature of such fundamental social processes as internalization, exteriorization, subjectivation, objectification, innovation, participating in the reformatting and development of the social world. Socialization is considered both as a process of the comprehension of objective reality by consciousness, and as a process of comprehension of dynamics and structure of development of the surrounding social world. The common and different processes of transformation of the Middle Ages and modernity according to the social criterion are presented and the role of socialization and social innovations in the long-term reformatting of the social world is shown. In the case of their success in social construction, there should really be a symmetry between objective and subjective reality. The socialization of the subject and the social innovation generated by it in understanding the development of the social world as a necessary condition for the success of its transformation in the long run are considered. The sufficient conditions are the necessary socialization of the object, objective reality, economic relations, capital, and the way of interaction between subject and object. This spectrum will be the subject of further research by the author.
{"title":"Socialization and its success in the model of achieving the development of the social world","authors":"V. Heyets","doi":"10.15407/etet2021.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/etet2021.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the analysis of disproportion on the materials characterizing the economy and society of Ukraine, which allowed us to conclude about the formation of a trap of modernization, due to which transformational changes did not achieve the desired result. As a phenomenon, it is due to the relevant processes in society due to its lag in mastering the accumulation of exogenous in the absence of endogenous nature of the experience of the subject of modernization. To resolve contradictions and overcome the gap, it is necessary to implement a model of social life, which will reduce the disproportion. The author’s model of social world development is proposed, which is based on the interaction between the dialectical nature of such fundamental social processes as internalization, exteriorization, subjectivation, objectification, innovation, participating in the reformatting and development of the social world. Socialization is considered both as a process of the comprehension of objective reality by consciousness, and as a process of comprehension of dynamics and structure of development of the surrounding social world. The common and different processes of transformation of the Middle Ages and modernity according to the social criterion are presented and the role of socialization and social innovations in the long-term reformatting of the social world is shown. In the case of their success in social construction, there should really be a symmetry between objective and subjective reality. The socialization of the subject and the social innovation generated by it in understanding the development of the social world as a necessary condition for the success of its transformation in the long run are considered. The sufficient conditions are the necessary socialization of the object, objective reality, economic relations, capital, and the way of interaction between subject and object. This spectrum will be the subject of further research by the author.","PeriodicalId":209799,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìčna teorìâ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117212760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.15407/etet2021.04.056
O. Yaremenko
Information technology and the formation of the global market have led to such destructive a complication of the environment, which generates global imbalances, the negative effects of conflict, reducing the level of institutionalization of the world economy, narrowing the time horizon of rational choice. This stimulates the search for alternatives to excessive complexity and conflict of development. The way out of this situation is localization based on the reproduction of identities. The desired effect of localization is the institutional provision of a more balanced distribution of resources / benefits of globalization, on the one hand, and the distribution of its risks and uncertainties, on the other. Identity is seen as the extreme level of structure of society, which is responsible for the integrity of social behavior of subjects as elements of the system. The acceptable level of complexity of the global system is achieved in the ways of optimal localization. The basis of such localization is the recognition of the positive meaning of the identity factor, which generates different risk assessments, different time horizons of decision-making and different criteria for effective participation in globalization. The institutional mechanisms for the smart-localization of global development are economic sovereignty, institutional protection of the national producer, and social protection of the population. As a result, the global system has a choice of options to respond to challenges from uncertainty and threats. Globalization as unification and standardization is a more risky path because it limits variability and prevents the use of alternative cost estimation methods.
{"title":"Institutional mechanisms for overcoming the contradictions between globalization and localization","authors":"O. Yaremenko","doi":"10.15407/etet2021.04.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/etet2021.04.056","url":null,"abstract":"Information technology and the formation of the global market have led to such destructive a complication of the environment, which generates global imbalances, the negative effects of conflict, reducing the level of institutionalization of the world economy, narrowing the time horizon of rational choice. This stimulates the search for alternatives to excessive complexity and conflict of development. The way out of this situation is localization based on the reproduction of identities. The desired effect of localization is the institutional provision of a more balanced distribution of resources / benefits of globalization, on the one hand, and the distribution of its risks and uncertainties, on the other. Identity is seen as the extreme level of structure of society, which is responsible for the integrity of social behavior of subjects as elements of the system. The acceptable level of complexity of the global system is achieved in the ways of optimal localization. The basis of such localization is the recognition of the positive meaning of the identity factor, which generates different risk assessments, different time horizons of decision-making and different criteria for effective participation in globalization. The institutional mechanisms for the smart-localization of global development are economic sovereignty, institutional protection of the national producer, and social protection of the population. As a result, the global system has a choice of options to respond to challenges from uncertainty and threats. Globalization as unification and standardization is a more risky path because it limits variability and prevents the use of alternative cost estimation methods.","PeriodicalId":209799,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìčna teorìâ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125153826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.15407/etet2021.04.041
V. Podliesna
The article considers socio-economic inequality as a social phenomenon inherent in all historical forms of society, which is characterized by the exploitation of wide circles of population by the elite. It is generated by the basic economic law of each historical form of antagonistic society and is expressed in the periodic aggravation of class contradictions. The most important component of social inequality in capitalist society is economic inequality. There is a relationship between the economic growth and inequality of income that S. Kuznets was one of the first to prove. P. Sorokin, justifying the hypothesis of the cyclicality of fluctuations in the average level of welfare and income within a certain society, appealed to the existence of "small business cycles", and explained by the existence of Kondratiev waves the tendency towards the increase in the average level of income and welfare, manifested in the second half of XIX century in some countries. The author analyzes the close relationship between the dynamics of inequality and social processes, whose driving force is violence – "four horsemen of the equalization": the war with mass mobilization, the transformational revolution, the decay of the state and the lethal pandemic, – as established by W. Scheidel; it is the "four horsemen of the equalization" that reduce the gap between rich and poor, that is, the social inequality is temporarily smoothed destructively. It has been established that during large-scale wars, revolutions, the destruction of states there is a permission of cyclically exacerbating contradictions of social development, which generate the deployment of long-term socio-economic cycles (cycles of changing the forms of society; hegemony establishment cycles in the world-system, long political cycles, Kondratiev waves, etc.). Therefore, the changes in the levels of socio-economic inequality generated by these "horsemen of the equalization" are also cyclic.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.15407/etet2021.04.095
A. Filipenko
The article examines logical aspects of the economic universe through the lens of its key elements – resources, institutions and interconnections between them. It is emphasized that starting from the New Times one of the main issuesof economic science has been the study of logic, the historical tendency of movement of two key factors (resources): capital and labour. At this stage logical preconditions of the analysis of natural, financial, technological resources acquire considerable significance. The logic of capital and labour is investigated in the context of economic heritage of A. Smith, K. Marx, R. Luxemburg, representatives of the Cambridge school, modern authors (T. Piketty). Starting from ХІХ century, the correlation between capital value and labour value in the national income has been considered the main integral indicator reflecting the state and logic of labour. The logic of natural resources is most fully exemplified by the concept of sustainable economic development, which reflects the content and types of interrelations between the society and the natural environment both at present and in future. At the same time access, distribution and use of resources should take place on the basis of the expenditures-income principle and continue for each generation in a logical and fair way. The logic of technological resources is revealed primarily through the lens of industrial revolutions. Logical dimensions of financial resources have been represented in the works of J.S. Mill, J. Schumpeter and Ch. Kindleberger. Ch. Darwin’s theory of evolution is the basis of institutional logic. Traditions, customs, their evolution, influence on an individual’s behaviour and the philosophy of American pragmatism were the foundation of logic of Veblen’s institutionalism. The logic of relations between resources and institutions is based on the works of B. Russell, A. Whitehead and R. Carnap. Interactionof resources and institutions has been researched in the light of using resources by different generations of human communities and was called ‘the logic of the play between generations’.
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