Background: Heart failure (HF) is a primary public health issue associated with a high mortality rate. However, effective treatments still need to be developed. The optimal level of glycemic control in non-diabetic critically ill patients suffering from HF is uncertain. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between initial glucose levels and in-hospital mortality in critically ill non-diabetic patients with HF.
Methods: A total of 1159 critically ill patients with HF were selected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) data resource and included in this study. The association between initial glucose levels and hospital mortality in seriously ill non-diabetic patients with HF was analyzed using smooth curve fittings and multivariable Cox regression. Stratified analyses were performed for age, gender, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, CHD with no MI (coronary heart disease with no myocardial infarction), renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and blood glucose concentrations.
Results: The hospital mortality was identified as 14.9%. A multivariate Cox regression model, along with smooth curve fitting data, showed that the initial blood glucose demonstrated a U-shape relationship with hospitalized deaths in non-diabetic critically ill patients with HF. The turning point on the left side of the inflection point was HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47-1.02, p = 0.068, and on the right side, HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.43, p = 0.003. Significant interactions existed for blood glucose concentrations (7-11 mmol/L) (p-value for interaction: 0.009). No other significant interactions were detected.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated a U-shape correlation between initial blood glucose and hospital mortality in critically ill non-diabetic patients with HF. The optimal level of initial blood glucose for non-diabetic critically ill patients with HF was around 7 mmol/L.
背景:心力衰竭(HF心力衰竭(HF)是一个主要的公共卫生问题,死亡率很高。然而,有效的治疗方法仍有待开发。非糖尿病心力衰竭重症患者的最佳血糖控制水平尚不确定。因此,本研究探讨了非糖尿病心房颤动重症患者的初始血糖水平与院内死亡率之间的关系:本研究从重症监护医学信息市场-III(MIMIC-III)的数据资源中选取了 1159 例高血压重症患者。采用平滑曲线拟合和多变量 Cox 回归分析了非糖尿病心房颤动重症患者的初始血糖水平与住院死亡率之间的关系。对年龄、性别、高血压、心房颤动、无心肌梗死的冠心病(无心肌梗死的冠心病)、肾功能衰竭、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和血糖浓度进行了分层分析:住院死亡率为 14.9%。多变量 Cox 回归模型和平滑曲线拟合数据显示,非糖尿病重症心房颤动患者的初始血糖与住院死亡率呈 U 型关系。拐点左侧的 HR 为 0.69,95% CI 为 0.47-1.02,p = 0.068;拐点右侧的 HR 为 1.24,95% CI 为 1.07-1.43,p = 0.003。血糖浓度(7-11 毫摩尔/升)存在显著的交互作用(交互作用的 p 值:0.009)。没有发现其他明显的交互作用:这项研究表明,非糖尿病心房颤动重症患者的初始血糖与住院死亡率呈 U 型相关。非糖尿病心房颤动重症患者的最佳初始血糖水平约为 7 mmol/L。
{"title":"Admission Blood Glucose Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in Critically III Non-Diabetic Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Yu Chen, YingZhi Wang, Fang Chen, CaiHua Chen, XinJiang Dong","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508275","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is a primary public health issue associated with a high mortality rate. However, effective treatments still need to be developed. The optimal level of glycemic control in non-diabetic critically ill patients suffering from HF is uncertain. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between initial glucose levels and in-hospital mortality in critically ill non-diabetic patients with HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1159 critically ill patients with HF were selected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) data resource and included in this study. The association between initial glucose levels and hospital mortality in seriously ill non-diabetic patients with HF was analyzed using smooth curve fittings and multivariable Cox regression. Stratified analyses were performed for age, gender, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, CHD with no MI (coronary heart disease with no myocardial infarction), renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and blood glucose concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hospital mortality was identified as 14.9%. A multivariate Cox regression model, along with smooth curve fitting data, showed that the initial blood glucose demonstrated a U-shape relationship with hospitalized deaths in non-diabetic critically ill patients with HF. The turning point on the left side of the inflection point was HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47-1.02, <i>p</i> = 0.068, and on the right side, HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.43, <i>p</i> = 0.003. Significant interactions existed for blood glucose concentrations (7-11 mmol/L) (<i>p</i>-value for interaction: 0.009). No other significant interactions were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated a U-shape correlation between initial blood glucose and hospital mortality in critically ill non-diabetic patients with HF. The optimal level of initial blood glucose for non-diabetic critically ill patients with HF was around 7 mmol/L.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ventricular pump function, which is determined by myocyte contractility, preload and afterload, and, additionally, also significantly influenced by heart rhythm, synchrony of intraventricular contraction and ventricular interdependence, explains the difficulties in establishing the contribution of myocardial contractile dysfunction to the development and progression of heart failure. Estimating myocardial contractility is one of the most difficult challenges because the most commonly used clinical measurements of cardiac performance cannot differentiate contractility changes from alterations in ventricular loading conditions. Under both physiological and pathological conditions, there is also a permanent complex interaction between myocardial contractility, ventricular anatomy and hemodynamic loading conditions. All this explains why no single parameter can alone reveal the real picture of ventricular dysfunction. Over time there has been increasing recognition that a load-independent contractility parameter cannot truly exist, because loading itself changes the myofilament force-generating capacity. Because the use of a single parameter is inadequate, it is necessary to perform multiparametric evaluations and also apply integrative approaches using parameter combinations which include details about ventricular loading conditions. This is particularly important for evaluating the highly afterload-sensitive right ventricular function. In this regard, the existence of certain reluctance particularly to the implementation of non-invasively obtainable parameter combinations in the routine clinical praxis should be reconsidered in the future. Among the non-invasive approaches used to evaluate ventricular function in connection with its current loading conditions, assessment of the relationship between ventricular contraction (e.g., myocardial displacement or deformation) and pressure overload, or the relationship between ejection volume (or ejection velocity) and pressure overload, as well as the relationship between ventricular dilation and pressure overload, were found useful for therapeutic decision-making. In the future, it will be unavoidable to take the load dependency of ventricular function much more into consideration. A solid basis for achieving this goal will be obtainable by intensifying the clinical research necessary to provide more evidence for the practical importance of this largely unsolved problem.
{"title":"Load Dependency of Ventricular Pump Function: Impact on the Non-Invasive Evaluation of the Severity and the Prognostic Relevance of Myocardial Dysfunction.","authors":"Michael Dandel","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508272","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ventricular pump function, which is determined by myocyte contractility, preload and afterload, and, additionally, also significantly influenced by heart rhythm, synchrony of intraventricular contraction and ventricular interdependence, explains the difficulties in establishing the contribution of myocardial contractile dysfunction to the development and progression of heart failure. Estimating myocardial contractility is one of the most difficult challenges because the most commonly used clinical measurements of cardiac performance cannot differentiate contractility changes from alterations in ventricular loading conditions. Under both physiological and pathological conditions, there is also a permanent complex interaction between myocardial contractility, ventricular anatomy and hemodynamic loading conditions. All this explains why no single parameter can alone reveal the real picture of ventricular dysfunction. Over time there has been increasing recognition that a load-independent contractility parameter cannot truly exist, because loading itself changes the myofilament force-generating capacity. Because the use of a single parameter is inadequate, it is necessary to perform multiparametric evaluations and also apply integrative approaches using parameter combinations which include details about ventricular loading conditions. This is particularly important for evaluating the highly afterload-sensitive right ventricular function. In this regard, the existence of certain reluctance particularly to the implementation of non-invasively obtainable parameter combinations in the routine clinical praxis should be reconsidered in the future. Among the non-invasive approaches used to evaluate ventricular function in connection with its current loading conditions, assessment of the relationship between ventricular contraction (e.g., myocardial displacement or deformation) and pressure overload, or the relationship between ejection volume (or ejection velocity) and pressure overload, as well as the relationship between ventricular dilation and pressure overload, were found useful for therapeutic decision-making. In the future, it will be unavoidable to take the load dependency of ventricular function much more into consideration. A solid basis for achieving this goal will be obtainable by intensifying the clinical research necessary to provide more evidence for the practical importance of this largely unsolved problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian-Feng Xiao, Xin Wei, Si Wang, Ying Xu, Yan Yang, Fang-Yang Huang, Mao Chen
Background: The impact of cardiac arrest (CA) at admission on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a subject of debate.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at West China Hospital from 2018 to 2021, enrolling 247 patients with AMI complicated by CS (AMI-CS). Patients were categorized into CA and non-CA groups based on their admission status. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed, with 30-day and 1-year mortality as the primary endpoints. Kaplan-Meier plots were constructed, and concordance (C)-indices of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Event (GRACE) score, Intra-aortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock (IABP-SHOCK) II score, and IABP-SHOCK II score with CA were calculated.
Results: Among the enrolled patients, 39 experienced CA and received cardiopulmonary resuscitation at admission. The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 40.9% and 47.0%, respectively. Neither univariate nor multivariate Cox regression analyses identified CA as a significant risk factor for 30-day and 1-year mortality. In C-statistics, the GRACE score exhibited a moderate effect (C-indices were 0.69 and 0.67, respectively), while the IABP-SHOCK II score had a better predictive performance (C-indices were 0.79 and 0.76, respectively) for the 30-day and 1-year mortality. Furthermore, CA did not enhance the predictive value of the IABP-SHOCK II score for 30-day (p = 0.864) and 1-year mortality (p = 0.888).
Conclusions: Cardiac arrest at admission did not influence the survival of patients with AMI-CS. Active resuscitation should be prioritized for patients with AMI-CS, regardless of the presence of cardiac arrest.
背景:入院时心脏骤停(CA)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)并发心源性休克(CS)患者预后的影响仍存在争议:我们于2018年至2021年在华西医院开展了一项回顾性研究,共纳入247例AMI并发CS(AMI-CS)患者。根据入院情况将患者分为CA组和非CA组。以30天和1年死亡率为主要终点,进行了单变量和多变量Cox回归分析。绘制了 Kaplan-Meier 图,并计算了全球急性冠状动脉事件登记(GRACE)评分、心源性休克主动脉内球囊反搏泵(IABP-SHOCK)II 评分和 IABP-SHOCK II 评分与 CA 的一致性(C)指数:结果:在登记的患者中,39 人经历了 CA 并在入院时接受了心肺复苏。30天和1年的死亡率分别为40.9%和47.0%。单变量或多变量 Cox 回归分析均未发现 CA 是 30 天和 1 年死亡率的重要风险因素。在C统计中,GRACE评分对30天和1年死亡率的预测效果一般(C指数分别为0.69和0.67),而IABP-SHOCK II评分对30天和1年死亡率的预测效果更好(C指数分别为0.79和0.76)。此外,CA并未提高IABP-SHOCK II评分对30天(p = 0.864)和1年(p = 0.888)死亡率的预测价值:结论:入院时心脏骤停不会影响急性心肌梗死-CS患者的存活率。结论:入院时心脏骤停不会影响 AMI-CS 患者的存活率。无论是否存在心脏骤停,都应优先考虑对 AMI-CS 患者进行积极复苏。
{"title":"The Association between Cardiac Arrest and Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock.","authors":"Qian-Feng Xiao, Xin Wei, Si Wang, Ying Xu, Yan Yang, Fang-Yang Huang, Mao Chen","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508274","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of cardiac arrest (CA) at admission on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a subject of debate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study at West China Hospital from 2018 to 2021, enrolling 247 patients with AMI complicated by CS (AMI-CS). Patients were categorized into CA and non-CA groups based on their admission status. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed, with 30-day and 1-year mortality as the primary endpoints. Kaplan-Meier plots were constructed, and concordance (C)-indices of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Event (GRACE) score, Intra-aortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock (IABP-SHOCK) II score, and IABP-SHOCK II score with CA were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the enrolled patients, 39 experienced CA and received cardiopulmonary resuscitation at admission. The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 40.9% and 47.0%, respectively. Neither univariate nor multivariate Cox regression analyses identified CA as a significant risk factor for 30-day and 1-year mortality. In C-statistics, the GRACE score exhibited a moderate effect (C-indices were 0.69 and 0.67, respectively), while the IABP-SHOCK II score had a better predictive performance (C-indices were 0.79 and 0.76, respectively) for the 30-day and 1-year mortality. Furthermore, CA did not enhance the predictive value of the IABP-SHOCK II score for 30-day (<i>p</i> = 0.864) and 1-year mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.888).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cardiac arrest at admission did not influence the survival of patients with AMI-CS. Active resuscitation should be prioritized for patients with AMI-CS, regardless of the presence of cardiac arrest.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Anisah Abu Yazit, Norsham Juliana, Kamilah Muhammad Hafidz, Nur Adilah Shuhada Abd Aziz, Sofwatul Mokhtarah Maluin, Sahar Azmani, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng, Srijit Das, Suhaini Kadiman
Background: Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely accepted clinically for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) assessment. This study aims to investigate the post-operative cognitive changes among high-risk cardiothoracic patients and establish a standardised approach to post-surgery cognitive assessment.
Methods: This is a prospective cohort study, where cognitive assessments were done 1-day before surgery, at discharge, and during 6 weeks of follow-up. Sample size calculation, accounting for an estimated 20% dropout rate, determined a minimum of 170 subjects were required for the study. Reduction of MMSE score of more than 2.5 was considered as having POCD. Score differences between groups were analysed using T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), while consistency between tools was analysed using correlation and regression.
Results: A total of 188 patients completed the study, with a POCD prevalence of 20.2% and 6.9% at discharge and at the 6 week follow up, respectively. All cognitive tools show a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative scores. All tests show a significant moderate correlation with MMSE.
Conclusions: In conclusion, it is imperative to employ a battery of cognitive assessments to evaluate cognitive changes comprehensively.
{"title":"Exploring Cognitive Changes in High-Risk Cardiac Patients Receiving Dexmedetomidine and Evaluating the Correlation between Different Cognitive Tools: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Noor Anisah Abu Yazit, Norsham Juliana, Kamilah Muhammad Hafidz, Nur Adilah Shuhada Abd Aziz, Sofwatul Mokhtarah Maluin, Sahar Azmani, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng, Srijit Das, Suhaini Kadiman","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508273","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely accepted clinically for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) assessment. This study aims to investigate the post-operative cognitive changes among high-risk cardiothoracic patients and establish a standardised approach to post-surgery cognitive assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective cohort study, where cognitive assessments were done 1-day before surgery, at discharge, and during 6 weeks of follow-up. Sample size calculation, accounting for an estimated 20% dropout rate, determined a minimum of 170 subjects were required for the study. Reduction of MMSE score of more than 2.5 was considered as having POCD. Score differences between groups were analysed using <i>T</i>-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), while consistency between tools was analysed using correlation and regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 188 patients completed the study, with a POCD prevalence of 20.2% and 6.9% at discharge and at the 6 week follow up, respectively. All cognitive tools show a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative scores. All tests show a significant moderate correlation with MMSE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, it is imperative to employ a battery of cognitive assessments to evaluate cognitive changes comprehensively.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Palazzuoli, Paolo Severino, A. D’Amato, Vincenzo Myftari, L. Tricarico, Michele Correale, Giuseppe Dattilo, F. Fioretti, Savina Nodari
{"title":"Distinct Profiles and New Pharmacological Targets for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","authors":"A. Palazzuoli, Paolo Severino, A. D’Amato, Vincenzo Myftari, L. Tricarico, Michele Correale, Giuseppe Dattilo, F. Fioretti, Savina Nodari","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2507270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2507270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengmei Wang, Menglin Song, Hao Chen, Pan Liang, Gang Luo, Wei Ren, Sijin Yang
{"title":"Global Epidemiologic Trends and Projections to 2030 in Non-Rheumatic Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease from 1990 to 2019: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","authors":"Chengmei Wang, Menglin Song, Hao Chen, Pan Liang, Gang Luo, Wei Ren, Sijin Yang","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2507269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2507269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Emoto, M. Nishikimi, K. Kikutani, J. Ishii, S. Ohshimo, Shigeyuki Matsui, Nobuaki Shime
{"title":"Identifying Subgroups with Differential Responses to Amiodarone among Cardiac Arrest Patients with a Shockable Rhythm at Hospital Arrival using the Machine Learning Approach","authors":"R. Emoto, M. Nishikimi, K. Kikutani, J. Ishii, S. Ohshimo, Shigeyuki Matsui, Nobuaki Shime","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2507268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2507268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Gong, Bryan Richard Sasmita, Yuansong Zhu, Siyu Chen, Yaxin Wang, Zhenxian Xiang, Yi Jiang, Suxin Luo, Bi Huang
Background : Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) carries a high mortality risk. Inflammation and nutrition are involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of both AMI and CS. The advanced lung cancer inflammation index ratio (ALI) combines the inflammatory and nutritional status. Our present study aimed to explore the prognostic value of ALI in patients with CS following AMI. Methods : In total, 217 consecutive patients with AMI complicated by CS were divided into two groups based on the ALI admissions cut-off: ≤ 12.69 and > 12.69. The primary endpoint of this study was 30-day all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoints were gastrointestinal hemorrhage and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including 30-day all-cause mortality, atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation, and nonfatal stroke. The association of ALI with the study end-points was analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results : During the 30-day follow-up period after admission, 104 (47.9%) patients died and 150 (69.1%) suffered MACEs. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly higher cumulative mortality and lower MACE rates in the low-ALI group compared to the high-ALI group (both log-rank p < 0.001). The 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with ALI ≤ 12.69 compared to ALI > 12.69 (72.1% vs. 22.6%; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the incidence of MACEs was higher in patients with ALI ≤ 12.69 (85.6% vs. 51.9%; p < 0.001). The receiver operating curve showed that ALI had a modest predictive value (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.789, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.729, 0.850). After multivariable adjustment, ALI ≤ 12.69 was an independent predictor for both 30-day all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.327; 95% CI: 2.053, 5.389; p < 0.001) and 30-day MACEs (HR: 2.250; 95% CI 1.553, 3.260; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the addition of ALI to a base model containing clinical and laboratory data statistically improved the predictive value. Conclusions : Assessing ALI levels upon admission can provide important information for the short-term prognostic assessment of patients with AMI complicated by CS. A lower ALI may serve as an independent predictor of increased 30-day all-cause mortality and MACEs.
{"title":"Prognostic Value of the Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index Ratio in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock: A Cohort Study","authors":"Ming Gong, Bryan Richard Sasmita, Yuansong Zhu, Siyu Chen, Yaxin Wang, Zhenxian Xiang, Yi Jiang, Suxin Luo, Bi Huang","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2507267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2507267","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) carries a high mortality risk. Inflammation and nutrition are involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of both AMI and CS. The advanced lung cancer inflammation index ratio (ALI) combines the inflammatory and nutritional status. Our present study aimed to explore the prognostic value of ALI in patients with CS following AMI. Methods : In total, 217 consecutive patients with AMI complicated by CS were divided into two groups based on the ALI admissions cut-off: ≤ 12.69 and > 12.69. The primary endpoint of this study was 30-day all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoints were gastrointestinal hemorrhage and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including 30-day all-cause mortality, atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation, and nonfatal stroke. The association of ALI with the study end-points was analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results : During the 30-day follow-up period after admission, 104 (47.9%) patients died and 150 (69.1%) suffered MACEs. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly higher cumulative mortality and lower MACE rates in the low-ALI group compared to the high-ALI group (both log-rank p < 0.001). The 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with ALI ≤ 12.69 compared to ALI > 12.69 (72.1% vs. 22.6%; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the incidence of MACEs was higher in patients with ALI ≤ 12.69 (85.6% vs. 51.9%; p < 0.001). The receiver operating curve showed that ALI had a modest predictive value (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.789, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.729, 0.850). After multivariable adjustment, ALI ≤ 12.69 was an independent predictor for both 30-day all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.327; 95% CI: 2.053, 5.389; p < 0.001) and 30-day MACEs (HR: 2.250; 95% CI 1.553, 3.260; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the addition of ALI to a base model containing clinical and laboratory data statistically improved the predictive value. Conclusions : Assessing ALI levels upon admission can provide important information for the short-term prognostic assessment of patients with AMI complicated by CS. A lower ALI may serve as an independent predictor of increased 30-day all-cause mortality and MACEs.","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Pilz, V. Heinz, Timon Ax, Leon Fesseler, A. Patzak, T. L. Bothe
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been established as a promising biomarker in cardiovascular diagnostics, providing deep insights into vascular health and cardiovascular risk. Defined as the velocity at which the mechanical wave propagates along the arterial wall, PWV represents a useful surrogate marker for arterial vessel stiffness. PWV has garnered clinical attention, particularly in monitoring patients suffering from vascular diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Its utility extends to preventive cardiology, aiding in identifying and stratifying cardiovascular risk. Despite the development of various measurement techniques, direct or indirect tonometry, Doppler ultrasound, oscillometric analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), methodological variability and lack of standardization lead to inconsistencies in PWV assessment. In addition, PWV can be estimated through surrogate parameters, such as pulse arrival or pulse transit times, although this heterogeneity limits standardization and, therefore, its clinical use. Furthermore, confounding factors, such as variations in sympathetic tone, strongly influence PWV readings, thereby necessitating careful control during assessments. The bidirectional relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and PWV underscores the interplay between cardiac autonomic function and vascular health, suggesting that alterations in one could directly influence the other. Future research should prioritize the standardization and increase comparability of PWV measurement techniques and explore the complex physiological variables influencing PWV. Integrating multiple physiological parameters such as PWV and HRV into algorithms based on artificial intelligence holds immense promise for advancing personalized vascular health assessments and cardiovascular care.
{"title":"Pulse Wave Velocity: Methodology, Clinical Applications, and Interplay with Heart Rate Variability","authors":"N. Pilz, V. Heinz, Timon Ax, Leon Fesseler, A. Patzak, T. L. Bothe","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2507266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2507266","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been established as a promising biomarker in cardiovascular diagnostics, providing deep insights into vascular health and cardiovascular risk. Defined as the velocity at which the mechanical wave propagates along the arterial wall, PWV represents a useful surrogate marker for arterial vessel stiffness. PWV has garnered clinical attention, particularly in monitoring patients suffering from vascular diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Its utility extends to preventive cardiology, aiding in identifying and stratifying cardiovascular risk. Despite the development of various measurement techniques, direct or indirect tonometry, Doppler ultrasound, oscillometric analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), methodological variability and lack of standardization lead to inconsistencies in PWV assessment. In addition, PWV can be estimated through surrogate parameters, such as pulse arrival or pulse transit times, although this heterogeneity limits standardization and, therefore, its clinical use. Furthermore, confounding factors, such as variations in sympathetic tone, strongly influence PWV readings, thereby necessitating careful control during assessments. The bidirectional relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and PWV underscores the interplay between cardiac autonomic function and vascular health, suggesting that alterations in one could directly influence the other. Future research should prioritize the standardization and increase comparability of PWV measurement techniques and explore the complex physiological variables influencing PWV. Integrating multiple physiological parameters such as PWV and HRV into algorithms based on artificial intelligence holds immense promise for advancing personalized vascular health assessments and cardiovascular care.","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}