Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.56612/ijaaeb.v1i1.101
Benish Iltaf, Humaira Qayyum, H. Suleman, Ali Raza, Sana Ur-Rehman, Hamna Khalid, Kainat Abbasi, Kinza Tanvir, Misbah Mukhtar, Sima Zulfiqar, Awais Rasheed
Optimization of the flowering time in wheat is an important breeding target for its adaptability in target environments. Flowering time is controlled by vernalization, photoperiod, and the relatively poorly characterized earliness per se (Eps) genes. When vernalization and photoperiod criteria are met, Eps genes account for the variance in flowering time. The objective of the study was to decipher the allelic variations for Eps genes in the wheat cultivars of Pakistan and draw their association with agronomic traits. The wheat cultivars released prior to 1965 had an average flowering duration of 82 days, whereas the cultivars released between 1965 and 2000 had an average flowering time of 79 days and 81 days, respectively. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were used to genotype all these cultivars for TaElf3-B1, TaElf3-D1, and TaMOT1-D1 genes. For the gene TaElf3-B1, allele Cadenza-type had a frequency of 61.71%. For the gene TaElf3-D1, the proportion of its respective major alleles was recorded, i.e., deletion had a frequency of 72.94%, and Savannah-type was 86.04%. For the gene TaMOT1-D1, the allele Wild-type was found in 55.88% accessions. The gene Elf3-B1 had a significant allelic effect for grain yield (GY), TaElf3-D1 for grain length, and TaMOT1-D1 for GY. Among the wheat cultivars, high percentage (56.89%) of the Savanah-type allele was associated with early flowering. However, the Wild-type alleles (43.1%) were observed to have low allelic frequency, and they were associated with late flowering. This study may allow wheat breeders to make genetic selection of wheat cultivars that are most suited to target environment, ensuring better yield and adaptability.
{"title":"Allelic variation and effects of earliness per se (Eps) genes in wheat cultivars of Pakistan","authors":"Benish Iltaf, Humaira Qayyum, H. Suleman, Ali Raza, Sana Ur-Rehman, Hamna Khalid, Kainat Abbasi, Kinza Tanvir, Misbah Mukhtar, Sima Zulfiqar, Awais Rasheed","doi":"10.56612/ijaaeb.v1i1.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaaeb.v1i1.101","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization of the flowering time in wheat is an important breeding target for its adaptability in target environments. Flowering time is controlled by vernalization, photoperiod, and the relatively poorly characterized earliness per se (Eps) genes. When vernalization and photoperiod criteria are met, Eps genes account for the variance in flowering time. The objective of the study was to decipher the allelic variations for Eps genes in the wheat cultivars of Pakistan and draw their association with agronomic traits. The wheat cultivars released prior to 1965 had an average flowering duration of 82 days, whereas the cultivars released between 1965 and 2000 had an average flowering time of 79 days and 81 days, respectively. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were used to genotype all these cultivars for TaElf3-B1, TaElf3-D1, and TaMOT1-D1 genes. For the gene TaElf3-B1, allele Cadenza-type had a frequency of 61.71%. For the gene TaElf3-D1, the proportion of its respective major alleles was recorded, i.e., deletion had a frequency of 72.94%, and Savannah-type was 86.04%. For the gene TaMOT1-D1, the allele Wild-type was found in 55.88% accessions. The gene Elf3-B1 had a significant allelic effect for grain yield (GY), TaElf3-D1 for grain length, and TaMOT1-D1 for GY. Among the wheat cultivars, high percentage (56.89%) of the Savanah-type allele was associated with early flowering. However, the Wild-type alleles (43.1%) were observed to have low allelic frequency, and they were associated with late flowering. This study may allow wheat breeders to make genetic selection of wheat cultivars that are most suited to target environment, ensuring better yield and adaptability.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.56612/ijaaeb.v1i1.103
Zahra Fatima Imtiaz, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf, Sania Khan, M. A. Goheer, Muhammad Khalid Rafiq, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad, O. E. Sakici
Industrial wastewater contains a variety of substances such as organic carbon, salts and heavy metals, which along with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) are known to be highly toxic even in very low concentrations. This study was carried out to test the impact of industrial effluent from the Industrial Estate Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, on four local grass species of the Pothohar region, i.e., Panicum maximum (Mombasa grass), Cenchrus ciliaris (Dhaman grass), Cynodon dactylon (Khabbal grass) and Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass). These grasses were grown in tap water (T0), industrial effluent (T1), and in industrial effluent-tap water ratio (50:50; T2). The concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Ni accumulated by these grasses were appraised with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All four grasses differed significantly in terms of their accumulation of different types of metal elements in the shoot and root organs. The analysis of industrial effluent, and root and shoot biomass samples of all four grasses did not have high amounts of heavy metals with reference to the levels of the metals documented by WHO. It is generally recommended that the effluents from the Industrial Estate Islamabad can be used with some caution for growing forage grasses including the four species tested in this study.
{"title":"Impact of industrial effluent on selected grass species","authors":"Zahra Fatima Imtiaz, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf, Sania Khan, M. A. Goheer, Muhammad Khalid Rafiq, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad, O. E. Sakici","doi":"10.56612/ijaaeb.v1i1.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaaeb.v1i1.103","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial wastewater contains a variety of substances such as organic carbon, salts and heavy metals, which along with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) are known to be highly toxic even in very low concentrations. This study was carried out to test the impact of industrial effluent from the Industrial Estate Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, on four local grass species of the Pothohar region, i.e., Panicum maximum (Mombasa grass), Cenchrus ciliaris (Dhaman grass), Cynodon dactylon (Khabbal grass) and Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass). These grasses were grown in tap water (T0), industrial effluent (T1), and in industrial effluent-tap water ratio (50:50; T2). The concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Ni accumulated by these grasses were appraised with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All four grasses differed significantly in terms of their accumulation of different types of metal elements in the shoot and root organs. The analysis of industrial effluent, and root and shoot biomass samples of all four grasses did not have high amounts of heavy metals with reference to the levels of the metals documented by WHO. It is generally recommended that the effluents from the Industrial Estate Islamabad can be used with some caution for growing forage grasses including the four species tested in this study.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iftikhar Ahmad, M. S. Ahmad, M. Hameed, Ahmed Muneeb, Muhammad Imran, Mumtaz Hussain, Farooq Ahmad, A. Asghar, Sana Basharat, Sana Fatima, Iqra Parvez, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah
The present research was carried out to determine the spatiotemporal variation in accumulation of different nutritional and medicinal components in Dicliptera bupleuroides from the Soone valley in the Salt Range of Punjab, Pakistan. Most of the biochemical attributes were higher in the spring season than those in the other seasons; this might have been due to high soil pH during spring. High amounts of minerals and high pH are necessary for the synthesis of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and fibers. Proteins, N, dry matter, fats and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were higher in summer, which might have been due to considerable availability of macro-nutrients during this season due to high moisture content because of high rainfall during the season. Spatial variation showed that phenols and flavonoids were associated with the population from Khabeki site (despite enough minerals and moisture availability) which might have been due to physical injuries caused by grazing and cutting. Minerals, proteins and N were also associated with the Khabeki population probably due to large amounts of minerals and moisture retention in the soil of the site and prevalent optimum environmental conditions therein. Alkaloids, fats, moisture and some minerals were associated with Anga and Knotti Garden sites which might have been due to high pH and prolonged salt stressed conditions at both sites.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal variation in synthesis of some nutraceutical components of thorowax foldwing (Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees)","authors":"Iftikhar Ahmad, M. S. Ahmad, M. Hameed, Ahmed Muneeb, Muhammad Imran, Mumtaz Hussain, Farooq Ahmad, A. Asghar, Sana Basharat, Sana Fatima, Iqra Parvez, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah","doi":"10.56612/ijaaeb.v3i1.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaaeb.v3i1.80","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was carried out to determine the spatiotemporal variation in accumulation of different nutritional and medicinal components in Dicliptera bupleuroides from the Soone valley in the Salt Range of Punjab, Pakistan. Most of the biochemical attributes were higher in the spring season than those in the other seasons; this might have been due to high soil pH during spring. High amounts of minerals and high pH are necessary for the synthesis of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and fibers. Proteins, N, dry matter, fats and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were higher in summer, which might have been due to considerable availability of macro-nutrients during this season due to high moisture content because of high rainfall during the season. Spatial variation showed that phenols and flavonoids were associated with the population from Khabeki site (despite enough minerals and moisture availability) which might have been due to physical injuries caused by grazing and cutting. Minerals, proteins and N were also associated with the Khabeki population probably due to large amounts of minerals and moisture retention in the soil of the site and prevalent optimum environmental conditions therein. Alkaloids, fats, moisture and some minerals were associated with Anga and Knotti Garden sites which might have been due to high pH and prolonged salt stressed conditions at both sites.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present investigation was to explore the ecological characteristics of some endemic Centaurea taxa (C. arifolia, C. foliosa, C. antiochia var. antiochia, C. lycopifolia, C. haradjianii, and C. ptosimopappa) distributed in the Hatay province of Turkiye. The genus Centaurea occurs widely in Turkiye with high endemism rate. Most of the species belonging to this genus are distributed in the Mediterranean as well as Near East, and a few are found in other continents such as Northern Eurasia, North and East Africa, North America, and Australia. This genus is represented by approximately 220 taxa in Turkiye, of which 133 are endemic. Moreover, it was also aimed to investigate the soil-plant interactions. Our results revealed that the taxa investigated prefer clayey-loamy, nonsaline, and slightly alkaline soils with high lime content and potassium. In all plant organs, the results for root, stem, and leaf parts showed that nitrogen and phosphorus were below the standard values, whereas sodium was over the standard level. In general, potassium values varied significantly among the endemic Centaurea taxa, which could have been due to variation in soils of the respective ecological habitats.
本研究的目的是探索分布在土耳其哈塔伊省的一些特有百日草类群（C. arifolia、C. foliosa、C. antiochia var. antiochia、C. lycopifolia、C. haradjianii 和 C. ptosimopappa）的生态特征。积雪草属广泛分布于土耳其，具有很高的特有性。该属的大多数物种分布在地中海和近东地区，少数物种分布在其他大陆，如北欧亚大陆、北非和东非、北美洲和澳大利亚。该属在土尔其约有 220 个分类群，其中 133 个为特有种。此外，我们还旨在研究土壤与植物之间的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，所调查的分类群喜欢含石灰和钾较多的粘壤、非碱性和微碱性土壤。在所有植物器官中，根、茎和叶部分的结果显示，氮和磷低于标准值，而钠则超过标准水平。总体而言，不同地方性百日草类群的钾值差异很大，这可能是由于各自生态栖息地的土壤不同造成的。
{"title":"An investigation on plant-soil interactions in some endemic Centaurea taxa from Hatay, Turkiye","authors":"V. Altay, Onur Çelik, M. Ozturk","doi":"10.56612/ijaaeb.v1i1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaaeb.v1i1.49","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present investigation was to explore the ecological characteristics of some endemic Centaurea taxa (C. arifolia, C. foliosa, C. antiochia var. antiochia, C. lycopifolia, C. haradjianii, and C. ptosimopappa) distributed in the Hatay province of Turkiye. The genus Centaurea occurs widely in Turkiye with high endemism rate. Most of the species belonging to this genus are distributed in the Mediterranean as well as Near East, and a few are found in other continents such as Northern Eurasia, North and East Africa, North America, and Australia. This genus is represented by approximately 220 taxa in Turkiye, of which 133 are endemic. Moreover, it was also aimed to investigate the soil-plant interactions. Our results revealed that the taxa investigated prefer clayey-loamy, nonsaline, and slightly alkaline soils with high lime content and potassium. In all plant organs, the results for root, stem, and leaf parts showed that nitrogen and phosphorus were below the standard values, whereas sodium was over the standard level. In general, potassium values varied significantly among the endemic Centaurea taxa, which could have been due to variation in soils of the respective ecological habitats.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Husnain Azam, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi, A. Sadiqa, Tayyaba Yasin
Azadirachta indica constituents exhibit potential therapeutic role to control cancer progression. The potential anti-cancerous activity of neem extracts reduces cell propagation, migration, inflammation, and invasion. The current review describes the importance and effectiveness of neem extracts in different solvents against various cancers. Studies performed in different geographic locations from 2001 to 2021 were searched in Google, PubMed, Google Scholar, and NCBI. The relevant information has been retrieved, including the type of extracts, solvents, year of publication, and type of cancers. A total of 125 relevant studies published in different journals have been screened, among which the most commonly used neem part was leaf (n = 79), followed by seed (n = 18), flower (n = 10), oil (n = 10), bark (n = 10), roots (n = 6), fruit (n = 6), gum (n = 5), limonoids (n = 5), nimbolide (n = 4), stem (n = 4), xylem (n = 1), and as herb (n = 1). Similarly, the most commonly investigated cancer to be treated with the neem extract was breast cancer (n = 23), followed by cancerous cell lines (n = 21), prostate cancer (n = 11), and leukemia (n = 8). Most of the studies applied ethanol (n = 40) as a solvent for neem extraction, followed by methanol (n = 25), distilled water (n = 17), ethyl acetate (n = 6), Gibco Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (n = 4), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (n = 4), MTT assay (n = 3), acetone (n = 3), ether (n = 3), ethyl alcohol (n = 2), hexane (n = 2), glucose (n = 2), oxadiazol-2yl-benzothiazole (n = 2), and N-nitrosodiethylamine (n = 1). In conclusion, neem is an important medicinal plant with therapeutic potency against different types of cancer. However, its role has not been investigated widely in some cancers, including bone cancer, retinoblastoma, and oral cancer. Moreover, its potential role may be enhanced if nanocarriers are conjugated to prevent them from human enzymatic metabolism and for successful targeted delivery in cancer therapy.
{"title":"Therapeutic role of neem (Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss.) in different types of cancer: A systematic review","authors":"Husnain Azam, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi, A. Sadiqa, Tayyaba Yasin","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.58","url":null,"abstract":"Azadirachta indica constituents exhibit potential therapeutic role to control cancer progression. The potential anti-cancerous activity of neem extracts reduces cell propagation, migration, inflammation, and invasion. The current review describes the importance and effectiveness of neem extracts in different solvents against various cancers. Studies performed in different geographic locations from 2001 to 2021 were searched in Google, PubMed, Google Scholar, and NCBI. The relevant information has been retrieved, including the type of extracts, solvents, year of publication, and type of cancers. A total of 125 relevant studies published in different journals have been screened, among which the most commonly used neem part was leaf (n = 79), followed by seed (n = 18), flower (n = 10), oil (n = 10), bark (n = 10), roots (n = 6), fruit (n = 6), gum (n = 5), limonoids (n = 5), nimbolide (n = 4), stem (n = 4), xylem (n = 1), and as herb (n = 1). Similarly, the most commonly investigated cancer to be treated with the neem extract was breast cancer (n = 23), followed by cancerous cell lines (n = 21), prostate cancer (n = 11), and leukemia (n = 8). Most of the studies applied ethanol (n = 40) as a solvent for neem extraction, followed by methanol (n = 25), distilled water (n = 17), ethyl acetate (n = 6), Gibco Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (n = 4), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (n = 4), MTT assay (n = 3), acetone (n = 3), ether (n = 3), ethyl alcohol (n = 2), hexane (n = 2), glucose (n = 2), oxadiazol-2yl-benzothiazole (n = 2), and N-nitrosodiethylamine (n = 1). In conclusion, neem is an important medicinal plant with therapeutic potency against different types of cancer. However, its role has not been investigated widely in some cancers, including bone cancer, retinoblastoma, and oral cancer. Moreover, its potential role may be enhanced if nanocarriers are conjugated to prevent them from human enzymatic metabolism and for successful targeted delivery in cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122274974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Noreen, M. Sultan, S. Mahmood, K. H. Shah, M. S. Akhter, Z. Zafar, Maqsooda Parveen, C. C. Ogbaga
Zinc as a micronutrient is highly essential for animals and plants to attain optimum growth and development. Zinc-deficient soils result in stunted and abnormal growth of plants. Three wheat varieties, i.e., Zincol-2016 (biofortified), Galaxy-2013, and Punjab-2011 (both non-biofortified), were sown in pots containing fertile soil in a completely randomized design with four replicas. The seedlings were sprayed with four zinc solutions (Control, 0.03%, 0.06%, and 0.09% of Zn as ZnSO4.7H2O) 40 days after sowing. It was observed that the impact of 0.06% zinc spray was more pronounced on wheat plants as compared to that of 0.03% and 0.09%. More pronounced improvement in growth, chlorophyll content, total soluble proteins, and sugars was observed in cv. Zincol-2016 as compared to that in the other two varieties, Galaxy-2013 and Punjab-2011. Similarly, Zn foliar spray significantly enhanced root, straw, and grain K+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ contents in all three cultivars. In contrast, grain phytate contents were reduced with increased supplementation of Zn. Data revealed that grain yield was improved significantly by exogenous application of zinc, especially at 0.06% in all three wheat varieties, but being more promising in Zincol-2016. Furthermore, Zincol-2016 accumulated higher zinc contents in grains as compared to that in Galaxy-2013 and Punjab-2011. Foliar application of zinc resulted in higher uptake and accumulation of this element from soil to seeds, thereby resulting in improved vegetative growth.
{"title":"Zinc-induced enhancement in growth, ionic contents and yield of bio-fortified and standard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties","authors":"S. Noreen, M. Sultan, S. Mahmood, K. H. Shah, M. S. Akhter, Z. Zafar, Maqsooda Parveen, C. C. Ogbaga","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v2i2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v2i2.26","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc as a micronutrient is highly essential for animals and plants to attain optimum growth and development. Zinc-deficient soils result in stunted and abnormal growth of plants. Three wheat varieties, i.e., Zincol-2016 (biofortified), Galaxy-2013, and Punjab-2011 (both non-biofortified), were sown in pots containing fertile soil in a completely randomized design with four replicas. The seedlings were sprayed with four zinc solutions (Control, 0.03%, 0.06%, and 0.09% of Zn as ZnSO4.7H2O) 40 days after sowing. It was observed that the impact of 0.06% zinc spray was more pronounced on wheat plants as compared to that of 0.03% and 0.09%. More pronounced improvement in growth, chlorophyll content, total soluble proteins, and sugars was observed in cv. Zincol-2016 as compared to that in the other two varieties, Galaxy-2013 and Punjab-2011. Similarly, Zn foliar spray significantly enhanced root, straw, and grain K+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ contents in all three cultivars. In contrast, grain phytate contents were reduced with increased supplementation of Zn. Data revealed that grain yield was improved significantly by exogenous application of zinc, especially at 0.06% in all three wheat varieties, but being more promising in Zincol-2016. Furthermore, Zincol-2016 accumulated higher zinc contents in grains as compared to that in Galaxy-2013 and Punjab-2011. Foliar application of zinc resulted in higher uptake and accumulation of this element from soil to seeds, thereby resulting in improved vegetative growth.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128437080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadia Aziz Dhillon, Nazoora Mujahid, M. Shahbaz, A. Debez
Salt stress is among the most pervasive limitations for food production, which eventually results in negative financial, environmental and social consequences. Thiourea is a vital chemical which improves growth and yield of plants. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a crop of semi-arid and arid regions, whose medicinal and seed oil properties are well known. A pot experiment was carried out to examine the impact of thiourea on sesame plants exposed to saline conditions. Two cultivars of sesame, i.e., TH-5 and TH-6 were used. Two levels (0 and 70 mM) of salinity stress as well as two foliar-applied levels (water spray and 150 mM) of thiourea were maintained after 28 and 34 days of seed sowing, respectively. Data for various morphological and physiological attributes was taken after 56 days of seed sowing. The results showed that salinity stress diminished shoot mass along with root mass (fresh and dry) as well as shoot and root lengths. Of physiological parameters, chlorophyll and gas exchange attributes were also negatively affected by the salinity stress. Salinity stress escalated the activities of SOD and POD as well as the levels of MDA. Foliar-applied thiourea raised the contents of chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids of cv. TH-6 under salt stress. The activity of POD of both cultivars under control and salt stress conditions and root K+ concentration of cv.TH-5 under salt stress were also enhanced by thiourea. Overall, foliar application of thiourea mitigated the negative impacts of salinity on sesame.
{"title":"Response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to foliar-applied thiourea under saline conditions","authors":"Sadia Aziz Dhillon, Nazoora Mujahid, M. Shahbaz, A. Debez","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v2i2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v2i2.54","url":null,"abstract":"Salt stress is among the most pervasive limitations for food production, which eventually results in negative financial, environmental and social consequences. Thiourea is a vital chemical which improves growth and yield of plants. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a crop of semi-arid and arid regions, whose medicinal and seed oil properties are well known. A pot experiment was carried out to examine the impact of thiourea on sesame plants exposed to saline conditions. Two cultivars of sesame, i.e., TH-5 and TH-6 were used. Two levels (0 and 70 mM) of salinity stress as well as two foliar-applied levels (water spray and 150 mM) of thiourea were maintained after 28 and 34 days of seed sowing, respectively. Data for various morphological and physiological attributes was taken after 56 days of seed sowing. The results showed that salinity stress diminished shoot mass along with root mass (fresh and dry) as well as shoot and root lengths. Of physiological parameters, chlorophyll and gas exchange attributes were also negatively affected by the salinity stress. Salinity stress escalated the activities of SOD and POD as well as the levels of MDA. Foliar-applied thiourea raised the contents of chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids of cv. TH-6 under salt stress. The activity of POD of both cultivars under control and salt stress conditions and root K+ concentration of cv.TH-5 under salt stress were also enhanced by thiourea. Overall, foliar application of thiourea mitigated the negative impacts of salinity on sesame.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121309633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was conducted to evaluate variation in nickel stress tolerance in a set of 10 canola cultivars (Leand, AC Excel, Faisal Canola, Shiralee, Oscar, Punjab Canola, CON-II, Rainbow, Dunkeld, and Cyclone) at the early growth stages, i.e., germination and seedling stage. The seeds of all canola cultivar were obtained from the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Ten seeds of each cultivar were sown in each of Petri plates moistened with varying levels (15, 30 and 45 mg/L) of nickel in Hoagland nutrient solution. Data for different growth indices were recorded such as germination stress index (GSI), shoot length stress index (SLSI), root length stress index (RLSI), and seedling fresh (SFWI) and seedling dry weight indices (SDWI). Based on different growth indices, three canola cultivars, i.e., CON-II, Faisal Canola and Leand proved to be potential source of variation for Ni tolerance provided if they maintain their degree of Ni tolerance at the later growth stages. However, Oscar was the most sensitive to Ni stress of all 10 cultivars evaluated in the current study.
{"title":"Screening of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars for nickel stress tolerance","authors":"Hummera Nawaz, Ameer Khan, Aamir Ali, Amna Ameer","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to evaluate variation in nickel stress tolerance in a set of 10 canola cultivars (Leand, AC Excel, Faisal Canola, Shiralee, Oscar, Punjab Canola, CON-II, Rainbow, Dunkeld, and Cyclone) at the early growth stages, i.e., germination and seedling stage. The seeds of all canola cultivar were obtained from the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Ten seeds of each cultivar were sown in each of Petri plates moistened with varying levels (15, 30 and 45 mg/L) of nickel in Hoagland nutrient solution. Data for different growth indices were recorded such as germination stress index (GSI), shoot length stress index (SLSI), root length stress index (RLSI), and seedling fresh (SFWI) and seedling dry weight indices (SDWI). Based on different growth indices, three canola cultivars, i.e., CON-II, Faisal Canola and Leand proved to be potential source of variation for Ni tolerance provided if they maintain their degree of Ni tolerance at the later growth stages. However, Oscar was the most sensitive to Ni stress of all 10 cultivars evaluated in the current study.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129181281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ishfaq Ahmad, T. Maqbool, S. Naz, Inamullah, F. Hadi, M. Atif
Natural compounds having apoptotic effects are a new potential source for anti-cancer drugs. Numerous plant phytochemicals have proven anti-cancer properties by inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis). The disease known as cancer is characterized by the uncontrollable growth of some body cells and their spread to other body regions. Worldwide, cancer is a major cause of death. The objective of the current study was to assess apoptotic potential of geranyl acetate on HepG2 cancer cell line. Cell death and cell viability in groups were assessed using the MTT, trypan blue and crystal violet to assess anti-proliferative effect. P53 ELISA was carried out to assess apoptosis. When HepG2 cells were exposed to geranyl acetate they exhibited increased cytotoxicity, decreased viability, proliferation, and increased apoptosis. It is concluded that geranyl acetate has the potential to cause apoptosis via P53 in HepG2 cells. It can also prevent cancer cell growth and proliferation.
{"title":"Apoptotic potential of geranyl acetate in HepG2 liver cancer cells","authors":"Ishfaq Ahmad, T. Maqbool, S. Naz, Inamullah, F. Hadi, M. Atif","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.57","url":null,"abstract":"Natural compounds having apoptotic effects are a new potential source for anti-cancer drugs. Numerous plant phytochemicals have proven anti-cancer properties by inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis). The disease known as cancer is characterized by the uncontrollable growth of some body cells and their spread to other body regions. Worldwide, cancer is a major cause of death. The objective of the current study was to assess apoptotic potential of geranyl acetate on HepG2 cancer cell line. Cell death and cell viability in groups were assessed using the MTT, trypan blue and crystal violet to assess anti-proliferative effect. P53 ELISA was carried out to assess apoptosis. When HepG2 cells were exposed to geranyl acetate they exhibited increased cytotoxicity, decreased viability, proliferation, and increased apoptosis. It is concluded that geranyl acetate has the potential to cause apoptosis via P53 in HepG2 cells. It can also prevent cancer cell growth and proliferation.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122363684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noshaba Dilbar, S. Fatima, Majid Anwar, Zobia Anwer, H. Ashraf
Desert plants are considered as a rich source of secondary metabolites and are used in drug development. The main objective of the current investigation was to explore the secondary metabolite profile of some desert plants and also compare the efficiency of different solvents. Plants [Psidium guajava L., Thuja orientalis L., Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, Capparis spinosa L. and Dipterygium glaucum Decne.] were collected from the Cholistan desert of Bahawalpur based on the traditional knowledge. Five types of extracts (petroleum ether extract, benzene extract, chloroform extract, ethanol extract and methanol extract) were prepared for both fresh and dry plant materials. The methanol extract showed the highest efficiency to detect the secondary metabolites as compared to that of all other extracts. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these plants confirmed the presence of various important secondary metabolites, viz. phlobatannins, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, anthocyanins, saponins, phenols, phytosterols and tannins in different parts (leaf, fruit, seed and whole plant). These results clearly show that potential bioactive compounds can be effectively extracted from important medicinal plants which could be potentially utilized by pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Qualitative phytochemical screening of some selected medicinal desert species","authors":"Noshaba Dilbar, S. Fatima, Majid Anwar, Zobia Anwer, H. Ashraf","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v2i2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v2i2.44","url":null,"abstract":"Desert plants are considered as a rich source of secondary metabolites and are used in drug development. The main objective of the current investigation was to explore the secondary metabolite profile of some desert plants and also compare the efficiency of different solvents. Plants [Psidium guajava L., Thuja orientalis L., Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, Capparis spinosa L. and Dipterygium glaucum Decne.] were collected from the Cholistan desert of Bahawalpur based on the traditional knowledge. Five types of extracts (petroleum ether extract, benzene extract, chloroform extract, ethanol extract and methanol extract) were prepared for both fresh and dry plant materials. The methanol extract showed the highest efficiency to detect the secondary metabolites as compared to that of all other extracts. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these plants confirmed the presence of various important secondary metabolites, viz. phlobatannins, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, anthocyanins, saponins, phenols, phytosterols and tannins in different parts (leaf, fruit, seed and whole plant). These results clearly show that potential bioactive compounds can be effectively extracted from important medicinal plants which could be potentially utilized by pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122103351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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