Ahmed Muneeb, Iftikhar Ahmad, M. S. Ahmad, S. Fatima, M. Hameed, F. Ahmad, A. Asghar, Sana Basharat, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah, Jazab Shafqat, Islam Frahat Zaky Hassan
Man is using plants for curing different diseases for several hundred years. In Pakistan, rangelands and forests are the major sources of medicinal plants, and the residents of different areas including those of the Vanhar Valley depend upon local plants for the medication of several diseases. However, this study was planned to enlist the indigenous medicinally important flora, which will help in conservation of the vanishing knowledge about the indigenous plants of the area by proper documentation. In order to document the uses of indigenous plants, some surveys were conducted for the collection of all available species. For the documentation of uses of these indigenous plant species, 55 experts were interviewed and their knowledge was documented. A total of 41 species belonging to 25 families were recorded from the Vanhar Valley. High numbers of species of families Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae were used for the cure of several diseases like sexual disorders, piles, asthma, sputum, stomach disorders, diabetes, etc. It was evident that the older people had most of the knowledge about the indigenous plants of the Valley, while the young lacked such knowledge due to the death of older people without documenting or transferring the knowledge to them. With conservation of the knowledge, these plants can be used as a low-cost and effective treatment of many common diseases.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical and economic uses of some medicinal plants from native saline areas","authors":"Ahmed Muneeb, Iftikhar Ahmad, M. S. Ahmad, S. Fatima, M. Hameed, F. Ahmad, A. Asghar, Sana Basharat, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah, Jazab Shafqat, Islam Frahat Zaky Hassan","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.45","url":null,"abstract":"Man is using plants for curing different diseases for several hundred years. In Pakistan, rangelands and forests are the major sources of medicinal plants, and the residents of different areas including those of the Vanhar Valley depend upon local plants for the medication of several diseases. However, this study was planned to enlist the indigenous medicinally important flora, which will help in conservation of the vanishing knowledge about the indigenous plants of the area by proper documentation. In order to document the uses of indigenous plants, some surveys were conducted for the collection of all available species. For the documentation of uses of these indigenous plant species, 55 experts were interviewed and their knowledge was documented. A total of 41 species belonging to 25 families were recorded from the Vanhar Valley. High numbers of species of families Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae were used for the cure of several diseases like sexual disorders, piles, asthma, sputum, stomach disorders, diabetes, etc. It was evident that the older people had most of the knowledge about the indigenous plants of the Valley, while the young lacked such knowledge due to the death of older people without documenting or transferring the knowledge to them. With conservation of the knowledge, these plants can be used as a low-cost and effective treatment of many common diseases.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129422573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bensheng Li, Chao-qiang Zhang, Maodong Qi, Xi Zheng, N. S. Mustafad, N. Ahmed, Muhammad Anees, M. A. Ahanger, Lixin Zhang
The aim of this research was to examine the relationships among Pseudomonas fluorescens (YX2) plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), phosphorus (P) absorption by plants, and root system architecture in apple seedlings exposed to mild, moderate or severe drought stresses. All the treatments were divided into two groups: 1) inoculated with a plant rhizobacterial strain (YX2), and 2) the non-inoculated control. Under drought stress, the YX2 inoculation improved root growth, root activity by 6%, and uptake of P, thereby promoting apple seedling growth along with the dry weight of above-ground plant parts in the mild and moderate water stress regimes. Furthermore, the inoculation also promoted total P contents in plants under both mild and moderate drought stresses. Overall, application of Pseudomonas fluorescens (YX2) is a promising approach to enhance apple production in agricultural production systems.
{"title":"Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on uptake and utilization of phosphorus and root architecture in apple seedlings under water limited regimes","authors":"Bensheng Li, Chao-qiang Zhang, Maodong Qi, Xi Zheng, N. S. Mustafad, N. Ahmed, Muhammad Anees, M. A. Ahanger, Lixin Zhang","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to examine the relationships among Pseudomonas fluorescens (YX2) plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), phosphorus (P) absorption by plants, and root system architecture in apple seedlings exposed to mild, moderate or severe drought stresses. All the treatments were divided into two groups: 1) inoculated with a plant rhizobacterial strain (YX2), and 2) the non-inoculated control. Under drought stress, the YX2 inoculation improved root growth, root activity by 6%, and uptake of P, thereby promoting apple seedling growth along with the dry weight of above-ground plant parts in the mild and moderate water stress regimes. Furthermore, the inoculation also promoted total P contents in plants under both mild and moderate drought stresses. Overall, application of Pseudomonas fluorescens (YX2) is a promising approach to enhance apple production in agricultural production systems.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124538003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High temperature is an important global issue that impedes agricultural production, especially of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) crop. Numerous studies were undertaken to estimate the effect of temperature on soybean seed germination under low temperatures. However, the effects of high-temperatures on seed germination and early seedling establishment of various soybean cultivars need to be explored further. Therefore, the current study was performed in growth chambers to evaluate genetic variations among different soybean cultivars for germination and early growth under varying temperatures. Five temperatures, i.e., 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ◦C, and four soybean cultivars (PI408105A, PI567731, PI567690, and PI416937) were used. The results showed that soybean cultivars revealed substantial variations in germination percentage (GP), germination rate index (GRI), germination energy (GE), seed vigor index (SVI), and seedling length under different temperatures mentioned above. The results indicated that higher temperature [35 °C] inhibited seed germination. Conversely, the intermediate temperatures [20, 25, and 30 ◦C] depicted good germination. Lower temperature declined the seed germination to some extent, and the germination percentage of PI408105A, PI567731, PI567690, and PI416937 were observed as 63.33%, 56.67%, 50%, and 40.11%, respectively. For all the soybean cultivars, the mean seed germination rate was maximum at 25 ◦C. However, the germination rate index continued to increase until 30 ◦C . The soybean cultivar PI408105A was the most promising under high temperature, exhibiting higher GP by 86.67%, highest SVI by 50.95%, and GRI by 50% at 30 ◦C. In contrast, PI416937 was among the cultivars sensitive to high temperature and showed a higher germination rate only at 20 ◦C. The seeds of PI408105A, PI567731, and PI567690 can germinate well under intermediate temperature conditions, making them a promising species for use in hot climatic zones. According to the current findings, it was concluded that soybean should be planted under mild temperatures for good crop stand and production. Moreover, it is recommended that cultivars such as PI408105A could be grown in warm conditions.
高温是阻碍农业生产的重要全球性问题，尤其是大豆(Glycine max [L.])。[mr .) crop。在低温条件下，对温度对大豆种子萌发的影响进行了大量的研究。但高温对不同大豆品种种子萌发和早苗的影响还有待进一步研究。因此，本研究在生长室内进行，以评估不同大豆品种在不同温度下萌发和早期生长的遗传变异。选用15、20、25、30、35℃5个温度，4个大豆品种(PI408105A、PI567731、PI567690、PI416937)。结果表明，不同温度下大豆品种的发芽率(GP)、发芽率指数(GRI)、萌发能(GE)、种子活力指数(SVI)和幼苗长均存在较大差异。结果表明，较高的温度[35℃]抑制了种子的萌发。相反，中间温度[20、25和30◦C]表明萌发良好。低温对种子发芽率有一定影响，PI408105A、PI567731、PI567690和PI416937的发芽率分别为63.33%、56.67%、50%和40.11%。所有大豆品种的平均种子发芽率在25℃时最高。但发芽率指数持续升高至30℃。大豆品种PI408105A在高温条件下表现最好，在30℃条件下，其GP值最高达86.67%，SVI最高达50.95%，GRI最高达50%。而PI416937对高温敏感，仅在20℃时萌发率较高。PI408105A、PI567731和PI567690的种子在中等温度条件下萌发良好，是热风区应用的理想品种。根据目前的研究结果，大豆应在温和的温度下种植，以获得良好的林分和产量。此外，建议PI408105A等品种在温暖条件下种植。
{"title":"Effects of temperature regimes on seed germination and early growth of different soybean cultivars","authors":"Naheeda Begum, Ling Wang, T. Zhao","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"High temperature is an important global issue that impedes agricultural production, especially of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) crop. Numerous studies were undertaken to estimate the effect of temperature on soybean seed germination under low temperatures. However, the effects of high-temperatures on seed germination and early seedling establishment of various soybean cultivars need to be explored further. Therefore, the current study was performed in growth chambers to evaluate genetic variations among different soybean cultivars for germination and early growth under varying temperatures. Five temperatures, i.e., 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ◦C, and four soybean cultivars (PI408105A, PI567731, PI567690, and PI416937) were used. The results showed that soybean cultivars revealed substantial variations in germination percentage (GP), germination rate index (GRI), germination energy (GE), seed vigor index (SVI), and seedling length under different temperatures mentioned above. The results indicated that higher temperature [35 °C] inhibited seed germination. Conversely, the intermediate temperatures [20, 25, and 30 ◦C] depicted good germination. Lower temperature declined the seed germination to some extent, and the germination percentage of PI408105A, PI567731, PI567690, and PI416937 were observed as 63.33%, 56.67%, 50%, and 40.11%, respectively. For all the soybean cultivars, the mean seed germination rate was maximum at 25 ◦C. However, the germination rate index continued to increase until 30 ◦C . The soybean cultivar PI408105A was the most promising under high temperature, exhibiting higher GP by 86.67%, highest SVI by 50.95%, and GRI by 50% at 30 ◦C. In contrast, PI416937 was among the cultivars sensitive to high temperature and showed a higher germination rate only at 20 ◦C. The seeds of PI408105A, PI567731, and PI567690 can germinate well under intermediate temperature conditions, making them a promising species for use in hot climatic zones. According to the current findings, it was concluded that soybean should be planted under mild temperatures for good crop stand and production. Moreover, it is recommended that cultivars such as PI408105A could be grown in warm conditions.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117303412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rafique, Muhammad Ibrahim, Sumaira Kanwal, H. Bokhari, F. Jamil, Annam Hussain, M. Rasheed
Development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is the after effect of various mutational occasions, which leads to the development of protection from hostile to multiple tuberculosis drugs. In this study, we identified drug resistance genes, their evolutionary analysis, mutational variation, and docking to characterize the drug target potentials of two Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains SWLPK and MNPK resourced from Pakistan. For this purpose, we used different bioinformatics tools including the RAST server for annotation, and UniProt, NCBI, BLAST and MUSCLE for data retrieval and analysis. Evolutionary relationships were drawn using MEGA 7. A 3D structure was modelled by I-TASSER, while refinement and minimizations were performed using the UCSF Chimera 1.14.1. Moreover, the Ramachandran plot was used to check the quality of the proteins, while PatchDock was used for the docking analysis. Based on the comparison with the reference genome (M. tuberculosis H37RV), the SWLPK and MNPK strains encoded 24 multi-drug resistance genes. The drug resistance genes of nearby strains had developmental relatedness and comparable useful attributes imperative to their ecological specialties. The docking analysis revealed that the proteins accurately bound at their binding region just like the reference protein H37Rv (NuoG). We identified 24 multi-drug resistance genes in the SWLPK and MNPK strains. Moreover, there were a few missing drug resistance genes found in H37Rv, which were not present in the MNPK and SWLPK strains. The 24 genes reported in the MNPK and SWLPK strains might have a major contribution in drug resistance.
{"title":"Genome-wide analysis to detect multi-drug resistance genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains SWLPK and MNPK resourced from Pakistan","authors":"M. Rafique, Muhammad Ibrahim, Sumaira Kanwal, H. Bokhari, F. Jamil, Annam Hussain, M. Rasheed","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is the after effect of various mutational occasions, which leads to the development of protection from hostile to multiple tuberculosis drugs. In this study, we identified drug resistance genes, their evolutionary analysis, mutational variation, and docking to characterize the drug target potentials of two Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains SWLPK and MNPK resourced from Pakistan. For this purpose, we used different bioinformatics tools including the RAST server for annotation, and UniProt, NCBI, BLAST and MUSCLE for data retrieval and analysis. Evolutionary relationships were drawn using MEGA 7. A 3D structure was modelled by I-TASSER, while refinement and minimizations were performed using the UCSF Chimera 1.14.1. Moreover, the Ramachandran plot was used to check the quality of the proteins, while PatchDock was used for the docking analysis. Based on the comparison with the reference genome (M. tuberculosis H37RV), the SWLPK and MNPK strains encoded 24 multi-drug resistance genes. The drug resistance genes of nearby strains had developmental relatedness and comparable useful attributes imperative to their ecological specialties. The docking analysis revealed that the proteins accurately bound at their binding region just like the reference protein H37Rv (NuoG). We identified 24 multi-drug resistance genes in the SWLPK and MNPK strains. Moreover, there were a few missing drug resistance genes found in H37Rv, which were not present in the MNPK and SWLPK strains. The 24 genes reported in the MNPK and SWLPK strains might have a major contribution in drug resistance.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125690488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gul Sanat Shah Khattak, I. Saeed, Shahzad Ahmad, Muhammad Ibrar, Muhammad Mansoor
Globally, black-seeded mungbean is cultivated only in Kuram area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) of Pakistan and adjacent areas of Afghanistan. The black-seeded mungbean land-race being cultivated in the area since unknown dates had poor genetic back-ground, and hence, low yield potential and susceptibility to diseases. In order to develop high yielding shiny black-seeded mungbean varieties for Kuram, a cross was attempted between a local Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) susceptible land-race collected from Kuram and later named as Kuram black mung (KBM) and an MYMV resistant black mottled-seeded mutant named as NIFA black mung (NBM) in the kharif season 2014 at the Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar. The F1 generation was planted in spring 2015. The F2 to F5 generations were raised in kharif 2016 – spring 2019. Single plants and lines based on shiny black seed coat color, short and medium plant stature, MYMV resistance and high grain yield were selected. Elite short and medium statured lines NBM-2-2-4-5 (NIFA Sikaram-21) and NBM-5-3-7 (NIFA Spinghar-21), respectively, were selected and tested in replicated yield trials along with black-seeded parents and green-seeded check varieties at NIFA and other locations in Kuram. On an average, NIFA Sikaram-21 produced seed yield of 1716 kg ha-1 and NIFA Spinghar-21 1724 kg ha-1 against KBM (880 kg ha-1) with 94% increase over KBM. However, its yield was lower than those of the green-seeded checks as green-seeded mungbean is well adapted to the growing conditions. Shiny black seeds, bold seed size and high grain yield are the distinguishing characters of NIFA Sikaram-21 and NIFA Spinghar-21. Furthermore, these are the first-ever black-seeded mungbean approved varieties in the world. The Provincial Seed Council of the KP approved both varieties in its 40th meeting held on April 07, 2021.
在全球范围内，黑籽绿豆仅在巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省(KP)的库拉姆地区和阿富汗邻近地区种植。从未知日期开始在该地区种植的黑籽绿豆陆生品种遗传背景差，因此产量潜力低，易患疾病。为了开发库拉姆高产的黑籽绿豆品种，在白沙瓦的粮食与农业核研究所(NIFA)于2014年秋尝试将从库拉姆收集的当地绿豆黄花叶病毒(MYMV)易感土地种(后来被命名为库拉姆黑绿(KBM))与抗MYMV的黑色斑驳种子突变体(NIFA黑绿(NBM))进行杂交。F1代于2015年春季种植。F2至F5代是在2016年秋季至2019年春季期间饲养的。单株和品系选育依据种皮颜色亮黑、株高中矮、抗MYMV、产量高。在库拉姆地区的NIFA和其他地点，分别选择了中短矮秆优良品系nbm - 2-2-5 -5 (NIFA Sikaram-21)和NBM-5-3-7 (NIFA Spinghar-21)，并与黑籽亲本和绿籽对照品种一起进行了重复产量试验。平均而言，NIFA Sikaram-21和NIFA Spinghar-21比KBM (880 kg ha-1)的种子产量分别为1716 kg ha-1和1724 kg ha-1，比KBM提高94%。但由于绿籽绿豆对生长条件的适应性较好，其产量低于绿籽绿豆。Sikaram-21和Spinghar-21的显著特点是种子黑亮、粒粗、产量高。此外，这些是世界上第一批获得批准的黑籽绿豆品种。KP省种子委员会在2021年4月7日举行的第40次会议上批准了这两个品种。
{"title":"World’s first black-seeded high yielding mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties ‘NIFA Sikaram-21 and NIFA Spinghar-21’","authors":"Gul Sanat Shah Khattak, I. Saeed, Shahzad Ahmad, Muhammad Ibrar, Muhammad Mansoor","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, black-seeded mungbean is cultivated only in Kuram area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) of Pakistan and adjacent areas of Afghanistan. The black-seeded mungbean land-race being cultivated in the area since unknown dates had poor genetic back-ground, and hence, low yield potential and susceptibility to diseases. In order to develop high yielding shiny black-seeded mungbean varieties for Kuram, a cross was attempted between a local Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) susceptible land-race collected from Kuram and later named as Kuram black mung (KBM) and an MYMV resistant black mottled-seeded mutant named as NIFA black mung (NBM) in the kharif season 2014 at the Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar. The F1 generation was planted in spring 2015. The F2 to F5 generations were raised in kharif 2016 – spring 2019. Single plants and lines based on shiny black seed coat color, short and medium plant stature, MYMV resistance and high grain yield were selected. Elite short and medium statured lines NBM-2-2-4-5 (NIFA Sikaram-21) and NBM-5-3-7 (NIFA Spinghar-21), respectively, were selected and tested in replicated yield trials along with black-seeded parents and green-seeded check varieties at NIFA and other locations in Kuram. On an average, NIFA Sikaram-21 produced seed yield of 1716 kg ha-1 and NIFA Spinghar-21 1724 kg ha-1 against KBM (880 kg ha-1) with 94% increase over KBM. However, its yield was lower than those of the green-seeded checks as green-seeded mungbean is well adapted to the growing conditions. Shiny black seeds, bold seed size and high grain yield are the distinguishing characters of NIFA Sikaram-21 and NIFA Spinghar-21. Furthermore, these are the first-ever black-seeded mungbean approved varieties in the world. The Provincial Seed Council of the KP approved both varieties in its 40th meeting held on April 07, 2021.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121694354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ethno-botanical study was carried out to consolidate knowledge on folk uses of plant resources of Hazar Nao Hills, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Data were recorded from February 2019 to March 2020 by collecting old information from the local inhabitants including old age males, females and herbalists about different uses of plant resources. Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire by interviewing 150 local men, women, and herbalists. As per our data, 72 vascular plant species, belonging to 45 different families and 56 genera were used by the local people for diverse native uses. Of all families recorded in this study, except two, all belong to Spermatophyta, a major division of plant kingdom. With regard to the habits of plant species recorded in the area, 36 were herbs, 10 shrubs, 25 trees and one pteridophyte. On a percentage basis, the total plant species (72) collected from the study area comprised 49% herbs, 14% shrubs, 34% trees, and 1% pteridophyte. The highest numbers of species recorded were from families Lamiaceae (5 spp.) and Poaceae (5 spp.) followed by families Euphorbiaceae (4 spp.), Moraceae (4 spp), and Polygonaceae (4 spp). Overall, the field scrutiny showed that overgrazing, deforestation, unscientific collection and agricultural expansion, as well as their considerable use for feed or medicinal purposes are the factors causing a significant decline of native vegetation. Thus, continuous work on plant resources and conservation of Hazar Nao Hills is imperatively needed.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical assessment of Hazar Nao Hills, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"U. Zeb, A. Batool, H. Khan, H. Ullah, B. Gul","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"An ethno-botanical study was carried out to consolidate knowledge on folk uses of plant resources of Hazar Nao Hills, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Data were recorded from February 2019 to March 2020 by collecting old information from the local inhabitants including old age males, females and herbalists about different uses of plant resources. Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire by interviewing 150 local men, women, and herbalists. As per our data, 72 vascular plant species, belonging to 45 different families and 56 genera were used by the local people for diverse native uses. Of all families recorded in this study, except two, all belong to Spermatophyta, a major division of plant kingdom. With regard to the habits of plant species recorded in the area, 36 were herbs, 10 shrubs, 25 trees and one pteridophyte. On a percentage basis, the total plant species (72) collected from the study area comprised 49% herbs, 14% shrubs, 34% trees, and 1% pteridophyte. The highest numbers of species recorded were from families Lamiaceae (5 spp.) and Poaceae (5 spp.) followed by families Euphorbiaceae (4 spp.), Moraceae (4 spp), and Polygonaceae (4 spp). Overall, the field scrutiny showed that overgrazing, deforestation, unscientific collection and agricultural expansion, as well as their considerable use for feed or medicinal purposes are the factors causing a significant decline of native vegetation. Thus, continuous work on plant resources and conservation of Hazar Nao Hills is imperatively needed.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122253669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahab Ali, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Zeeshan Ahmad, Ujala Ejaz, Noreen Khalid
Ornamental plant species are mostly grown for aesthetic purposes, for their fruits, vegetables, flowers, and medicinal value. Houses are decorated with various annual and perennial plants. The present study was performed to assess the ornamental plant composition, abundance, and distribution pattern with a special reference to gardening practices/environmental variables in the Rustam Valley, Pakistan. Using quantitative ecological methods, different home gardens were observed at arbitrary intervals. The frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density, and importance values were measured to determine the most frequent and least frequent ornamental plant species in each type of habitat. The initial results showed a total of 43 ornamental plant species belonging to 30 families. Presence-absence data (1, 0) for the 43 ornamental species and 50 stations were analysed using cluster and two-way cluster analyses using the PC-ORD version 5, which resulted in the identification of four different ornamental plant communities. The CANOCO version 4.5 was used to evaluate the environmental and cultural gradients of ornamental plants through the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The positions of characteristic plant species in a particular community were confirmed using data attribute plots. The CCA plots of the ornamental and questionnaire data show that irrigation, home size, purpose of cultivation and the use of artificial fertilizers were the main factors affecting various ornamental plant communities. Additionally, further studies should be conducted to examine, conserve, and manage the ornamental plant species diversity and contributions of such species to livelihoods in the study area.
观赏植物主要是为了美观而种植的，因为它们的水果、蔬菜、花朵和药用价值。房子里装饰着各种一年生和多年生植物。本研究以巴基斯坦Rustam河谷为研究对象，对观赏植物的组成、丰度和分布格局进行了评估，并特别参考了园艺实践/环境变量。采用定量生态学方法，以任意间隔观察不同的家庭花园。通过测量观赏植物的出现频率、相对频率、密度、相对密度和重要性值，确定各生境中最常见和最不常见的观赏植物种类。初步调查结果显示，该地区共有30科43种观赏植物。利用PC-ORD version 5对43个观赏植物种类和50个站点的存在-缺失数据(1,0)进行聚类和双向聚类分析，鉴定出4种不同的观赏植物群落。采用CANOCO 4.5版本，通过典型对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)对观赏植物的环境和文化梯度进行评价。利用数据属性图确定了特定群落中特征植物的位置。景观CCA样地和问卷调查数据表明，灌溉、户型、种植目的和人工施肥是影响景观植物群落的主要因素。研究区观赏植物的物种多样性及其对生计的贡献，应进一步开展调查、保护和管理工作。
{"title":"Indicator species analysis and assessment of ornamental plants using multivariate statistical techniques in the home gardens of Rustam Valley, Pakistan","authors":"Shahab Ali, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Zeeshan Ahmad, Ujala Ejaz, Noreen Khalid","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Ornamental plant species are mostly grown for aesthetic purposes, for their fruits, vegetables, flowers, and medicinal value. Houses are decorated with various annual and perennial plants. The present study was performed to assess the ornamental plant composition, abundance, and distribution pattern with a special reference to gardening practices/environmental variables in the Rustam Valley, Pakistan. Using quantitative ecological methods, different home gardens were observed at arbitrary intervals. The frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density, and importance values were measured to determine the most frequent and least frequent ornamental plant species in each type of habitat. The initial results showed a total of 43 ornamental plant species belonging to 30 families. Presence-absence data (1, 0) for the 43 ornamental species and 50 stations were analysed using cluster and two-way cluster analyses using the PC-ORD version 5, which resulted in the identification of four different ornamental plant communities. The CANOCO version 4.5 was used to evaluate the environmental and cultural gradients of ornamental plants through the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The positions of characteristic plant species in a particular community were confirmed using data attribute plots. The CCA plots of the ornamental and questionnaire data show that irrigation, home size, purpose of cultivation and the use of artificial fertilizers were the main factors affecting various ornamental plant communities. Additionally, further studies should be conducted to examine, conserve, and manage the ornamental plant species diversity and contributions of such species to livelihoods in the study area.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123239790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rasool, Shakeela Parveen, Matiullah, K. Manzoor, Shahid Mahmood
The production of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied in pond fertilized with cow-dung @ 0.1g N/10g in the presence of planktonic biomass. The correlation of planktonic biomass with water quality physicochemical parameters of three fish ponds, was studied. The parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, magnesium, calcium, light penetration, total solids, carbonates and bicarbonates, were analyzed in a laboratory using standard protocols. Data collected at the end of the present experimental study was subjected to an appropriate statistical analysis to appraise the correlation coefficients of planktonic biomass with several physicochemical parameters of three ponds under study. In most cases significant correlations were recorded between biomass and key physico-chemical attributes of the ponds.
{"title":"Correlation of planktonic biomass with other physico-chemical parameters of water quality in fertilized fish ponds","authors":"F. Rasool, Shakeela Parveen, Matiullah, K. Manzoor, Shahid Mahmood","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The production of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied in pond fertilized with cow-dung @ 0.1g N/10g in the presence of planktonic biomass. The correlation of planktonic biomass with water quality physicochemical parameters of three fish ponds, was studied. The parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, magnesium, calcium, light penetration, total solids, carbonates and bicarbonates, were analyzed in a laboratory using standard protocols. Data collected at the end of the present experimental study was subjected to an appropriate statistical analysis to appraise the correlation coefficients of planktonic biomass with several physicochemical parameters of three ponds under study. In most cases significant correlations were recorded between biomass and key physico-chemical attributes of the ponds.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127166718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information on the impact of salinity of irrigation water on soil moisture and salt content is scant in the literature. Therefore, in the present study, growth of sorghum as well as soil moisture and salt content were investigated as affected by irrigation water salinity. In this experiment, the effect of three salinity levels of irrigation water, i.e., 2, 7 and 14 dS m-1 was monitored on sorghum growth, and changes in soil moisture and salinity of soil saturated extract during the growing season. Irrigation water salinity, depending on the intensity of stress, reduced forage yield, so that 7 and 14 dS m-1 salinity decreased the fresh weight by 11% and 45% and the dry weight by 17% and 62%, respectively, compared to those in non-saline conditions. At two soil depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm), the lowest moisture content was observed under non-saline conditions and the highest at 14 dS m-1. The salinity of soil saturated extract was also increased with increasing salinity of irrigation water. By applying salinities of 2 and 14 dS m-1, soil salinity decreased and increased by the end of the growing season, respectively. However, soil salinity in 7 dS m-1 treatment was decreased first and then increased until the end of the growing season. At the end of the growing season, the average soil salinity in 7 and 14 dS m-1 treatments was 1.8 and 1.4 times, respectively, higher than that of the irrigation water salinity. In a nutshell, in saline conditions, more moisture remains in the soil, which may help sustain the of growth of halophytes to some extent.
{"title":"Sorghum [Soghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] growth, and soil moisture and salt content as affected by irrigation water salinity","authors":"H. Pirasteh-Anosheh, A. Hedayati-Firoozabadi","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Information on the impact of salinity of irrigation water on soil moisture and salt content is scant in the literature. Therefore, in the present study, growth of sorghum as well as soil moisture and salt content were investigated as affected by irrigation water salinity. In this experiment, the effect of three salinity levels of irrigation water, i.e., 2, 7 and 14 dS m-1 was monitored on sorghum growth, and changes in soil moisture and salinity of soil saturated extract during the growing season. Irrigation water salinity, depending on the intensity of stress, reduced forage yield, so that 7 and 14 dS m-1 salinity decreased the fresh weight by 11% and 45% and the dry weight by 17% and 62%, respectively, compared to those in non-saline conditions. At two soil depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm), the lowest moisture content was observed under non-saline conditions and the highest at 14 dS m-1. The salinity of soil saturated extract was also increased with increasing salinity of irrigation water. By applying salinities of 2 and 14 dS m-1, soil salinity decreased and increased by the end of the growing season, respectively. However, soil salinity in 7 dS m-1 treatment was decreased first and then increased until the end of the growing season. At the end of the growing season, the average soil salinity in 7 and 14 dS m-1 treatments was 1.8 and 1.4 times, respectively, higher than that of the irrigation water salinity. In a nutshell, in saline conditions, more moisture remains in the soil, which may help sustain the of growth of halophytes to some extent.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127044766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hameed, S. Fatima, F. Ahmad, Sadia Noueen Zafar, M. S. Ahmad, Ummar Iqbal, S. Bibi, Iftikhar Ahmad
Five selected species of genus Bambusa considered for comparative anatomical characterization, were collected from the different areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The magnitude of variation was immensely high in Bambusa spp. relating to their root, culm, and leaf anatomical characters. These species were specific as well as representative of specific environmental adaptations. In different environmental stresses, Bambusa vulgaris found to be the most tolerant. Distinctive anatomical adaptations in this species were dense sclerification in root and stem (on inner side of epidermis and in vascular region), stem and adaxial leaf surface with thick epidermis, dense hairy stem and abaxial leaf surface, and bulliform cells with a peculiar arrangement in adaxial leaf surface. Overall, a strong relation of understudy features with plant anatomy was recorded, and therefore, these traits can be employed as a tool for studying the taxonomy of genus Bambusa. Moreover, by using these structural modifications their tolerance level to environmental stresses can be easily assessed.
{"title":"Anatomical modifications in some Bambusa Schreb. species to combat ecological constraints","authors":"M. Hameed, S. Fatima, F. Ahmad, Sadia Noueen Zafar, M. S. Ahmad, Ummar Iqbal, S. Bibi, Iftikhar Ahmad","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Five selected species of genus Bambusa considered for comparative anatomical characterization, were collected from the different areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The magnitude of variation was immensely high in Bambusa spp. relating to their root, culm, and leaf anatomical characters. These species were specific as well as representative of specific environmental adaptations. In different environmental stresses, Bambusa vulgaris found to be the most tolerant. Distinctive anatomical adaptations in this species were dense sclerification in root and stem (on inner side of epidermis and in vascular region), stem and adaxial leaf surface with thick epidermis, dense hairy stem and abaxial leaf surface, and bulliform cells with a peculiar arrangement in adaxial leaf surface. Overall, a strong relation of understudy features with plant anatomy was recorded, and therefore, these traits can be employed as a tool for studying the taxonomy of genus Bambusa. Moreover, by using these structural modifications their tolerance level to environmental stresses can be easily assessed.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126933563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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