Xenoestrogens are chemical compounds which include phytoestrogens, polychlorinated biphenyls, bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, which have very serious diverse effects on fish health. The present study was designed to determine the toxicological influences of xenoestrogen BPA exposure on biochemistry and histopathology of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). The fish was exposed to sublethal concentration of BPA in aquariums for 28 days. After the completion of the trial, blood samples were taken and stored in EDTA tubes. The liver and kidney of the fish were removed and preserved in 4% formalin. After dehydration, 5 µm thick sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin. Biochemical tests such as alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), total protein, blood glucose, blood creatinine, and complete blood count (CBC) were analyzed. Histological examination of kidney and liver of the control group revealed normal architecture, while the liver of the treated group showed vacuolation in hepatocytes, aggregation of lymphocytes, necrosis, increased hemorrhages, erythrocyte infiltration, and hepatocellular necrosis, while the kidney showed degeneration of glomerulus and renal tubule. Presence of melanomacrophages and hypertrophy in tubular epithelial cells increased the space in between glomerulus and enlarged Bowman’s capsule. ALT, AST, plasma glucose, WBCs, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and plasma creatinine and protein values increased significantly as compared to those of the control group, while RBCs, hematocrit test (HCT) and MCH were decreased significantly.
{"title":"Hematological and histopathological effects of xenoestrogen (Bisphenol A) on liver and kidney functions of Mozambique tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus)","authors":"Sidra Waris, S. Hayat, Maham Mazhar, S. Mahmood","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.53","url":null,"abstract":"Xenoestrogens are chemical compounds which include phytoestrogens, polychlorinated biphenyls, bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, which have very serious diverse effects on fish health. The present study was designed to determine the toxicological influences of xenoestrogen BPA exposure on biochemistry and histopathology of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). The fish was exposed to sublethal concentration of BPA in aquariums for 28 days. After the completion of the trial, blood samples were taken and stored in EDTA tubes. The liver and kidney of the fish were removed and preserved in 4% formalin. After dehydration, 5 µm thick sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin. Biochemical tests such as alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), total protein, blood glucose, blood creatinine, and complete blood count (CBC) were analyzed. Histological examination of kidney and liver of the control group revealed normal architecture, while the liver of the treated group showed vacuolation in hepatocytes, aggregation of lymphocytes, necrosis, increased hemorrhages, erythrocyte infiltration, and hepatocellular necrosis, while the kidney showed degeneration of glomerulus and renal tubule. Presence of melanomacrophages and hypertrophy in tubular epithelial cells increased the space in between glomerulus and enlarged Bowman’s capsule. ALT, AST, plasma glucose, WBCs, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and plasma creatinine and protein values increased significantly as compared to those of the control group, while RBCs, hematocrit test (HCT) and MCH were decreased significantly.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131559423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yafang Lei, Zhiyan Cui, Pingping Wang, Suilong Ai, Naheeda Begum, M. A. Ahanger, Lixin Zhang
Light quality and gibberellins affect growth, development and morphogenesis of plants. In order to improve the quality of tobacco seedlings under greenhouse conditions, the influence of different light sources and their interaction with foliar-applied gibberellic acid (GA3) on key growth and metabolic parameters in tobacco were examined. Light sources included white, red and blue lights while GA3 was applied in three concentrations, i.e., 0, 50 and 100 mg L-1. The survival rate of the seedlings was observed after transplanting. Morphological parameters like plant height, stalk diameter, and length, width and number of leaves increased maximally with higher concentration of GA3 under all three light regimes, however, light sources did not show any visible difference. Further, root vitality, chlorophyll content and the activities amylase and nitrate reductase increased significantly due to GA3 application and achieved highest values with blue light + 100 mg L-1 GA3. Supplementation of red and blue light along with foliar application of GA3 significantly increased the growth parameters including seedling height, stem diameter, root-shoot ratio, leaf length and root vitality. The contents of carbon metabolites including starch, soluble sugars, and reducing sugars improved significantly in plants grown under red and blue lights in combination with foliar application of GA3. The results of the present study depict that growing tobacco under blue light and the application GA3 is beneficial in terms of achieving increased growth, root characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco seedlings.
{"title":"Effects of different light quality and GA3 concentration on tobacco seedling growth, root characteristics, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism","authors":"Yafang Lei, Zhiyan Cui, Pingping Wang, Suilong Ai, Naheeda Begum, M. A. Ahanger, Lixin Zhang","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.48","url":null,"abstract":"Light quality and gibberellins affect growth, development and morphogenesis of plants. In order to improve the quality of tobacco seedlings under greenhouse conditions, the influence of different light sources and their interaction with foliar-applied gibberellic acid (GA3) on key growth and metabolic parameters in tobacco were examined. Light sources included white, red and blue lights while GA3 was applied in three concentrations, i.e., 0, 50 and 100 mg L-1. The survival rate of the seedlings was observed after transplanting. Morphological parameters like plant height, stalk diameter, and length, width and number of leaves increased maximally with higher concentration of GA3 under all three light regimes, however, light sources did not show any visible difference. Further, root vitality, chlorophyll content and the activities amylase and nitrate reductase increased significantly due to GA3 application and achieved highest values with blue light + 100 mg L-1 GA3. Supplementation of red and blue light along with foliar application of GA3 significantly increased the growth parameters including seedling height, stem diameter, root-shoot ratio, leaf length and root vitality. The contents of carbon metabolites including starch, soluble sugars, and reducing sugars improved significantly in plants grown under red and blue lights in combination with foliar application of GA3. The results of the present study depict that growing tobacco under blue light and the application GA3 is beneficial in terms of achieving increased growth, root characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco seedlings.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114082250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fozia Saeed, S. Rasul, Sidra Batool, Z. Zafar, H. Manzoor
Due to global climate change, heat stress is a critical environmental factor for adversely affecting plant growth and productivity. It induces changes in cellular machinery and antioxidant enzymes’ functions in plants. The role of phytohormones especially salicylic acid (SA) is well documented to alleviate the heat stress-induced adverse effects in plants. Here, we investigated the ameliorative role of SA in heat-stressed chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) plants. For this purpose, four-week-old chili plants of three local cultivars (Moro, Tilhari and Ren-02) pretreated with 1 mM and 2 mM SA were subjected to heat stress (42 oC) for 72 h. Our results revealed that heat stress significantly reduced plant height, shoot biomass, chlorophyll contents and relative water contents, while it increased membrane peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide in all three chili cultivars. However, foliar spray with both concentrations of SA (particularly 2 mM) showed prominent recovery effects in high temperature exposed chili cultivars (Moro and Ren-02) with significantly improved biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, relative water contents, and catalase and peroxidase activities compared to their respective controls. Moreover, the foliar spray of 2 mM SA significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide and malonaldehyde contents under the heat stress conditions. In conclusion, SA significantly improved heat tolerance of chili plants by decreasing oxidative stress via increasing antioxidant activity and membrane stability.
由于全球气候变化，热胁迫是影响植物生长和生产力的重要环境因素。它诱导植物细胞机制和抗氧化酶功能的变化。植物激素，特别是水杨酸(SA)在缓解植物热胁迫引起的不利影响方面的作用已被充分证明。本文研究了SA对辣椒(Capsicum frutescens L.)热胁迫植株的改良作用。结果表明，热胁迫显著降低了3个地方品种(Moro、Tilhari和Ren-02)的株高、茎部生物量、叶绿素含量和相对含水量，同时增加了3个品种的膜过氧化和过氧化氢含量。然而，叶面喷施两种浓度SA(特别是2 mM)对高温暴露辣椒品种(Moro和Ren-02)的恢复效果显著，生物量产量、光合色素、相对含水量、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均显著高于对照。此外，在热胁迫条件下，叶面喷施2 mM SA显著降低了过氧化氢和丙二醛含量。综上所述，SA通过提高抗氧化活性和膜稳定性来降低辣椒植株的氧化胁迫，从而显著提高辣椒植株的耐热性。
{"title":"Exogenous applications of salicylic acid alleviate the damaging effects of heat stress in chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) through improved antioxidant defense system","authors":"Fozia Saeed, S. Rasul, Sidra Batool, Z. Zafar, H. Manzoor","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v2i1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v2i1.51","url":null,"abstract":"Due to global climate change, heat stress is a critical environmental factor for adversely affecting plant growth and productivity. It induces changes in cellular machinery and antioxidant enzymes’ functions in plants. The role of phytohormones especially salicylic acid (SA) is well documented to alleviate the heat stress-induced adverse effects in plants. Here, we investigated the ameliorative role of SA in heat-stressed chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) plants. For this purpose, four-week-old chili plants of three local cultivars (Moro, Tilhari and Ren-02) pretreated with 1 mM and 2 mM SA were subjected to heat stress (42 oC) for 72 h. Our results revealed that heat stress significantly reduced plant height, shoot biomass, chlorophyll contents and relative water contents, while it increased membrane peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide in all three chili cultivars. However, foliar spray with both concentrations of SA (particularly 2 mM) showed prominent recovery effects in high temperature exposed chili cultivars (Moro and Ren-02) with significantly improved biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, relative water contents, and catalase and peroxidase activities compared to their respective controls. Moreover, the foliar spray of 2 mM SA significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide and malonaldehyde contents under the heat stress conditions. In conclusion, SA significantly improved heat tolerance of chili plants by decreasing oxidative stress via increasing antioxidant activity and membrane stability.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121838378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Hussain, Fatima Asghar Diyyal, K. Nawaz, N. Arshad, Uswa Ali, M. Qurban
Gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are commercially and scientifically important due to their promising impacts on growth, quantity and quality of most crops. The current work intended to observe the effect of foliar applications of plant growth regulators (IAA and GA3) on linseed morpho-biochemical attributes and key antioxidants. Indole-3-acetic acid showed more beneficial effects on growth and antioxidant activities than those by GA3. Root length, shoot length, photosynthetic rate, root fresh weight, and N were respectively 38%, 25%, 38%, 60%, and 1.26% higher with combined treatments of IAA+GA3 than those of the control plants at the vegetative stage. The effect of IAA was highly significant on N percentage, total protein contents and fibre percentage in linseed at both seedling and vegetative stages. Overall, the nutritional value of linseed was boosted by both PGRs, i.e., GA3 and IAA. Furthermore, it is recommended that IAA, GA3 and their combined applications can be used to enhance the quality of cereal crops.
{"title":"Promoting growth and morpho-physiological attributes in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) using indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid applied individually or jointly as foliar spray","authors":"K. Hussain, Fatima Asghar Diyyal, K. Nawaz, N. Arshad, Uswa Ali, M. Qurban","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v2i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v2i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are commercially and scientifically important due to their promising impacts on growth, quantity and quality of most crops. The current work intended to observe the effect of foliar applications of plant growth regulators (IAA and GA3) on linseed morpho-biochemical attributes and key antioxidants. Indole-3-acetic acid showed more beneficial effects on growth and antioxidant activities than those by GA3. Root length, shoot length, photosynthetic rate, root fresh weight, and N were respectively 38%, 25%, 38%, 60%, and 1.26% higher with combined treatments of IAA+GA3 than those of the control plants at the vegetative stage. The effect of IAA was highly significant on N percentage, total protein contents and fibre percentage in linseed at both seedling and vegetative stages. Overall, the nutritional value of linseed was boosted by both PGRs, i.e., GA3 and IAA. Furthermore, it is recommended that IAA, GA3 and their combined applications can be used to enhance the quality of cereal crops.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122082741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Khan, K. Ahmad, Hafiza Farhat Bibi, I. Ahmad, Fatima Ghulam Muhammad, A. Ashfaq, A. Ejaz, A. Sameen, M. Nadeem, I. Ugulu
Rhazya stricta is an important medicinal plant species distributed all over the Warcha salt mine in Pakistan. Analysis of proximate composition and metals is a commendable job to assess the suitability of the exploitation of medicinal plants on a large scale by ethnic communities. The proximate analyses (moisture, fiber, ash, crude fats, proteins and carbohydrates) of all the samples collected from five different sites (Table 1) were carried out. Moreover, different inorganic elements in the samples were also determined. The maximum and the minimum moisture content in Rhazya stricta was observed at Site 4 (31.21%) and Site 2 (29.14%), respectively. The maximum and the minimum ash concentrations were recorded in the populations collected from Site 2 (7.48%) and Site 5 (6.25%), respectively. The maximum fat content was found in the Site 3 (3.91%) population, whereas the minimum contents of crude fiber were observed in the population from Site 2 (12.2%). The maximum concentration of crude protein was observed in the plants from Site 5 (9.93%), whereas the minimum contents of carbohydrates were observed in the plants from Site 2 (48.4%). Essential and nonessential elements like potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in the roots, stem and leaves of Rhazya stricta. The maximum K content (6836.886 mg/kg) was found in the roots of plants collected from Site 5 and the minimum in the leaves (5528.795 mg/kg) collected from Site 3. The highest concentration of magnesium was found in the roots of plants from Site 3 (2414.46 mg/kg), whereas the lowest concentration of iron was recorded in the leaves of Site 4 (31.45 mg/kg) plants. The maximum and the minimum concentrations of cobalt were detected in the roots of plants from Site 1 (0.320 mg/kg) and in the leaves of plants from Site 4 (0.135 mg/kg), respectively. The minimum concentration of leaf cadmium was recorded in plant population from Site 4, whereas in the same population the maximum level of root nickel was recorded. The highest concentration of copper was observed in the stem of plant population from Site 2 (0.297 mg/kg). The concentrations of most of the elements appraised in the present study are well below the overall permissible limits of these elements in medicinal plants determined by WHO, so this plant from the Warcha mine can be utilized without harm by herbal practitioners and pharmaceutical industry.
{"title":"Heavy metals and proximate analysis of Sihar (Rhazya stricta Decne) collected from different sites of Warcha salt mine, Salt Range, Pakistan","authors":"Z. Khan, K. Ahmad, Hafiza Farhat Bibi, I. Ahmad, Fatima Ghulam Muhammad, A. Ashfaq, A. Ejaz, A. Sameen, M. Nadeem, I. Ugulu","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v2i1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v2i1.46","url":null,"abstract":"Rhazya stricta is an important medicinal plant species distributed all over the Warcha salt mine in Pakistan. Analysis of proximate composition and metals is a commendable job to assess the suitability of the exploitation of medicinal plants on a large scale by ethnic communities. The proximate analyses (moisture, fiber, ash, crude fats, proteins and carbohydrates) of all the samples collected from five different sites (Table 1) were carried out. Moreover, different inorganic elements in the samples were also determined. The maximum and the minimum moisture content in Rhazya stricta was observed at Site 4 (31.21%) and Site 2 (29.14%), respectively. The maximum and the minimum ash concentrations were recorded in the populations collected from Site 2 (7.48%) and Site 5 (6.25%), respectively. The maximum fat content was found in the Site 3 (3.91%) population, whereas the minimum contents of crude fiber were observed in the population from Site 2 (12.2%). The maximum concentration of crude protein was observed in the plants from Site 5 (9.93%), whereas the minimum contents of carbohydrates were observed in the plants from Site 2 (48.4%). Essential and nonessential elements like potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in the roots, stem and leaves of Rhazya stricta. The maximum K content (6836.886 mg/kg) was found in the roots of plants collected from Site 5 and the minimum in the leaves (5528.795 mg/kg) collected from Site 3. The highest concentration of magnesium was found in the roots of plants from Site 3 (2414.46 mg/kg), whereas the lowest concentration of iron was recorded in the leaves of Site 4 (31.45 mg/kg) plants. The maximum and the minimum concentrations of cobalt were detected in the roots of plants from Site 1 (0.320 mg/kg) and in the leaves of plants from Site 4 (0.135 mg/kg), respectively. The minimum concentration of leaf cadmium was recorded in plant population from Site 4, whereas in the same population the maximum level of root nickel was recorded. The highest concentration of copper was observed in the stem of plant population from Site 2 (0.297 mg/kg). The concentrations of most of the elements appraised in the present study are well below the overall permissible limits of these elements in medicinal plants determined by WHO, so this plant from the Warcha mine can be utilized without harm by herbal practitioners and pharmaceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121542140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salim Khan, F. Al-Qurainy, M. Nadeem, M. Tarroum, S. Alansi, A. Gaafar, Aref Alshameri, Hassan O. Shaikhaldein, Abdalrhaman M. Salih, N. Alenezi
Three species of genus Cleome, C. arabica, C. ramosissima and C. amblyocarpa were identified using nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequence (nrDNA-ITS). The phylogenetic tree was made using different methods viz., neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), and maximum likelihood for accuracy of the results, and congruence finding in phylogeny. Cleome ramosissima and C. amblyocarpa were found to be clustered in one group according to the sequence similarity. However, C. arabica clustered in a separate clade. The nrDNA-ITS marker clearly differentiated and showed phylogenetic relationships among the three species. Thus, nrDNA-ITS marker could be effectively used for other species of Cleome for their identification and phylogenetic studies.
{"title":"Identification and reconstruction of phylogeny among three species of Cleome using nrDNA-ITS sequence","authors":"Salim Khan, F. Al-Qurainy, M. Nadeem, M. Tarroum, S. Alansi, A. Gaafar, Aref Alshameri, Hassan O. Shaikhaldein, Abdalrhaman M. Salih, N. Alenezi","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Three species of genus Cleome, C. arabica, C. ramosissima and C. amblyocarpa were identified using nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequence (nrDNA-ITS). The phylogenetic tree was made using different methods viz., neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), and maximum likelihood for accuracy of the results, and congruence finding in phylogeny. Cleome ramosissima and C. amblyocarpa were found to be clustered in one group according to the sequence similarity. However, C. arabica clustered in a separate clade. The nrDNA-ITS marker clearly differentiated and showed phylogenetic relationships among the three species. Thus, nrDNA-ITS marker could be effectively used for other species of Cleome for their identification and phylogenetic studies.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128462359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Manzoor, Fayyaz Rasool, Shakeela Parveen, M. Hafeez-ur-Rehman, Matiullah, S. Mahmood, Amina Ayub
Fish polyculture has resulted in high fish production per unit area, mainly due to the best utilization of all kinds of nutrients. In this nine month’s experimental study, five different fish species were stocked in five earthen ponds designated as control (one pond), treatment-T1 (two ponds) and treatment-T2 (two ponds). Fish stocked in T1 and T2 ponds were fed with a commercial feed containing 20% and 25% crude protein, respectively, whereas fish stocked in the control pond was fed with a conventional mixture of feed ingredients (fish meal, gluten, sunflower, and rice polish) having 20% CP. The fish was fed @ 3% of the fish wet body weight twice a day. The fish was sampled every fortnight. Physicochemical parameters of the ponds were measured daily. The results showed that the maximum weight gain (255 g) was recorded in Pangasius pangasius in treatment T2 and minimum (52.5 g) in Cirrhinus mrigala in the control pond. Overall, maximum fish production was recorded after harvest in treatment T2 followed by that in treatment T1 and control ponds, respectively. Overall, the commercial fish feed enriched with crude protein was very effective in promoting growth and development of pond fish.
{"title":"Impact of feed with varying crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance of different fish species cultured under similar regimes","authors":"K. Manzoor, Fayyaz Rasool, Shakeela Parveen, M. Hafeez-ur-Rehman, Matiullah, S. Mahmood, Amina Ayub","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Fish polyculture has resulted in high fish production per unit area, mainly due to the best utilization of all kinds of nutrients. In this nine month’s experimental study, five different fish species were stocked in five earthen ponds designated as control (one pond), treatment-T1 (two ponds) and treatment-T2 (two ponds). Fish stocked in T1 and T2 ponds were fed with a commercial feed containing 20% and 25% crude protein, respectively, whereas fish stocked in the control pond was fed with a conventional mixture of feed ingredients (fish meal, gluten, sunflower, and rice polish) having 20% CP. The fish was fed @ 3% of the fish wet body weight twice a day. The fish was sampled every fortnight. Physicochemical parameters of the ponds were measured daily. The results showed that the maximum weight gain (255 g) was recorded in Pangasius pangasius in treatment T2 and minimum (52.5 g) in Cirrhinus mrigala in the control pond. Overall, maximum fish production was recorded after harvest in treatment T2 followed by that in treatment T1 and control ponds, respectively. Overall, the commercial fish feed enriched with crude protein was very effective in promoting growth and development of pond fish.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115240966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Noor, Khan Shahbaz, Sanaullah, Syed Mushtaq Ahmed Shah, S. Anwar, Sun Min, Gao Zhiqiang
Field experiments were conducted to assess the effect of four sowing methods on the growth, photosynthetic, and yield traits of dryland winter wheat. Furthermore, the impact of N input rates was also evaluated on water consumption by the wheat plants from the soil. The seeds of winter wheat were sown using wide space sowing (WS), furrow sowing (FS), stereoscopic sowing (SS), and drill sowing (DS). The results indicated that different sowing methods significantly affected the yield and grain quality. The increase in grain yield was 25%, 17%, and 11%, respectively, under WS, FS, and SS compared to that in DS. From sowing to jointing, the water consumption was highest under WS, mainly in deep soil layers. The photosynthetic traits and leaf area index were highest under WS, followed by those under FS. The plant height was highest under DS. The water consumption index and grain yield were higher at the N rate 210-240 kg ha-1 than those at the other N rates applied. In conclusion, the WS and 210 kg N ha-1 improved the canopy structure, water consumption, and winter wheat yield.
通过田间试验，研究了4种播种方式对旱地冬小麦生长、光合及产量性状的影响。此外，还评价了不同施氮量对小麦植株土壤耗水量的影响。冬小麦采用宽间距播种(WS)、沟播(FS)、立体播种(SS)和钻播(DS)四种方式播种。结果表明，不同的播种方式对产量和籽粒品质影响显著。与DS相比，WS、FS和SS处理的产量分别提高了25%、17%和11%。从播种到拔节，WS下耗水量最大，且以深土层为主。光合性状和叶面积指数在WS处理下最高，其次是FS处理。DS处理下株高最高。施氮量为210 ~ 240 kg hm -1时，耗水指数和籽粒产量均高于其他施氮量。综上所述，WS和210 kg N ha-1处理改善了冬小麦冠层结构、耗水量和产量。
{"title":"The combined effect of sowing methods and nitrogen rates on wheat yield and regulation of soil water consumption in Loess Plateau","authors":"H. Noor, Khan Shahbaz, Sanaullah, Syed Mushtaq Ahmed Shah, S. Anwar, Sun Min, Gao Zhiqiang","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted to assess the effect of four sowing methods on the growth, photosynthetic, and yield traits of dryland winter wheat. Furthermore, the impact of N input rates was also evaluated on water consumption by the wheat plants from the soil. The seeds of winter wheat were sown using wide space sowing (WS), furrow sowing (FS), stereoscopic sowing (SS), and drill sowing (DS). The results indicated that different sowing methods significantly affected the yield and grain quality. The increase in grain yield was 25%, 17%, and 11%, respectively, under WS, FS, and SS compared to that in DS. From sowing to jointing, the water consumption was highest under WS, mainly in deep soil layers. The photosynthetic traits and leaf area index were highest under WS, followed by those under FS. The plant height was highest under DS. The water consumption index and grain yield were higher at the N rate 210-240 kg ha-1 than those at the other N rates applied. In conclusion, the WS and 210 kg N ha-1 improved the canopy structure, water consumption, and winter wheat yield.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130738387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faheem Hadi, Tahir Maqbool, Tania Ahmed Shakoori, Tahir Muhammad, Sana Javaid Awan, Shabana Akhtar
Osteoporosis is a major health issue in post-menopausal females, however, it may occur before menopause. In middle aged women, osteoporosis directly relates to low bone mineral density (BMD) that consequently increases the risk of bone fracture. Several factors are involved in osteoporosis, however, the relationship of osteoporosis with oxidative stress and inflammatory response still needs to be investigated. In the current study, decreased values of different antioxidants displayed that they are necessary in maintaining bone homeostasis. A variety of all the oxidative stress parameters observed in this study, can be very effective to curing the disease.
{"title":"Role of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in osteoporosis","authors":"Faheem Hadi, Tahir Maqbool, Tania Ahmed Shakoori, Tahir Muhammad, Sana Javaid Awan, Shabana Akhtar","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis is a major health issue in post-menopausal females, however, it may occur before menopause. In middle aged women, osteoporosis directly relates to low bone mineral density (BMD) that consequently increases the risk of bone fracture. Several factors are involved in osteoporosis, however, the relationship of osteoporosis with oxidative stress and inflammatory response still needs to be investigated. In the current study, decreased values of different antioxidants displayed that they are necessary in maintaining bone homeostasis. A variety of all the oxidative stress parameters observed in this study, can be very effective to curing the disease.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115963651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Anli, A. Alahyane, Mohamed Ait Babram, A. Boutasknit, C. El Modafar, A. Meddich
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important fruit crop in the oasis ecosystems due to its different ecological and socio-economic roles. However, this crop is confronted with environmental stresses such as soil poverty in organic and mineral matter. This research aimed at how local compost and/or phosphate sludge (PS) can affect the agro-physiological parameters of date palm over time in a greenhouse environment. The results showed that the factor time (period) presented a positive effect in the improvement of the physiology (stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence) and the growth (number of leaves, shoot height, and leaf area) of date palm seedlings treated with compost and PS + Compost in the periods P4-P9 and P8-P9, respectively, compared to the control. In addition, this study revealed the effectiveness of compost alone or combined with PS to boost the growth performances and physiology of date palm seedlings from the second month of the experiment with an apparent difference after four months of compost and PS application. It is clear from this study that the application of compost and its combination with PS could be a biological tool to improve date palm development under poor soil.
{"title":"Agro-physiological traits as biological factors to optimize organic and inorganic amendments for date palm cultivation","authors":"M. Anli, A. Alahyane, Mohamed Ait Babram, A. Boutasknit, C. El Modafar, A. Meddich","doi":"10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important fruit crop in the oasis ecosystems due to its different ecological and socio-economic roles. However, this crop is confronted with environmental stresses such as soil poverty in organic and mineral matter. This research aimed at how local compost and/or phosphate sludge (PS) can affect the agro-physiological parameters of date palm over time in a greenhouse environment. The results showed that the factor time (period) presented a positive effect in the improvement of the physiology (stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence) and the growth (number of leaves, shoot height, and leaf area) of date palm seedlings treated with compost and PS + Compost in the periods P4-P9 and P8-P9, respectively, compared to the control. In addition, this study revealed the effectiveness of compost alone or combined with PS to boost the growth performances and physiology of date palm seedlings from the second month of the experiment with an apparent difference after four months of compost and PS application. It is clear from this study that the application of compost and its combination with PS could be a biological tool to improve date palm development under poor soil.","PeriodicalId":210846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123689113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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