Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.RE.20120206.07
I. Dunmade
People are so metimes confronted with the need to decide whether a product should be recycled or disposed off. The purpose of this project was to assess whether it is more environ mentally sustainable to recycle paint than to dispose it off in a landfill or not. Lifecycle assessment method was used to analyze potential environ mental costs and benefits associated with paint recycling. Data used for the analyses were collected from a recycled paint manufacturing company, literature, and a database. The lifecycle impact analyses of the paint recycling p rocess were based on monthly production of a recycled latex paint brand. Results of the analyses revealed that the process have a monthly 122760.8kg CO2-eq global warming potential (GWP), 1481.6 max kg O2-eq eutrophication potential (EP), and 106.8kg C2H4-eq photochemical o zone creat ion potential (POCP). The LCA results showed an environ mental benefit of eliminating 31,237.29kg CO2-eq GWP, 0.02kg CFC-11eq Ozone depletion potential (ODP), 5943.58kg C2H4 eq POCP and 197.83 max kg O2 eq EP by recycling latex paint rather than disposing it off in the landfill and producing equal amount of latex paint to replace it . Results also revealed that recycling of paint containers and plastics reduces the GWP by 25.34%, ODP by 29.79%, POCP by 15.39%, and EP by 12.47%. Paint recycling is therefore not only econo mically wise but it is also ecologically sustainable.
人们有时需要决定一件产品是应该回收还是处理掉。该项目的目的是评估回收涂料是否比将其丢弃在垃圾填埋场更具环境可持续性。采用生命周期评价方法分析了涂料回收的潜在环境成本和效益。用于分析的数据收集自一家再生涂料制造公司、文献和数据库。涂料回收过程的生命周期影响分析是基于每月生产一个再生乳胶漆品牌。结果表明，该过程具有每月122760.8kg co2当量的全球变暖潜势(GWP)、1481.6 max kg co2当量的富营养化潜势(EP)和106.8kg co2当量的光化学臭氧区生成潜势(POCP)。LCA结果显示，通过回收乳胶漆而不是将其丢弃在垃圾填埋场并生产等量的乳胶漆来替代它，可以消除31,237.29kg co2当量的GWP, 0.02kg cfc -11当量的臭氧消耗潜能值(ODP)， 5943.58kg C2H4当量的POCP和197.83 max kg O2当量的EP。结果还表明，回收油漆容器和塑料可使GWP降低25.34%，ODP降低29.79%，POCP降低15.39%，EP降低12.47%。因此，涂料回收不仅在经济上是明智的，而且在生态上也是可持续的。
{"title":"Recycle or Dispose Off? Lifecycle Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Paint Recycling Process","authors":"I. Dunmade","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120206.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120206.07","url":null,"abstract":"People are so metimes confronted with the need to decide whether a product should be recycled or disposed off. The purpose of this project was to assess whether it is more environ mentally sustainable to recycle paint than to dispose it off in a landfill or not. Lifecycle assessment method was used to analyze potential environ mental costs and benefits associated with paint recycling. Data used for the analyses were collected from a recycled paint manufacturing company, literature, and a database. The lifecycle impact analyses of the paint recycling p rocess were based on monthly production of a recycled latex paint brand. Results of the analyses revealed that the process have a monthly 122760.8kg CO2-eq global warming potential (GWP), 1481.6 max kg O2-eq eutrophication potential (EP), and 106.8kg C2H4-eq photochemical o zone creat ion potential (POCP). The LCA results showed an environ mental benefit of eliminating 31,237.29kg CO2-eq GWP, 0.02kg CFC-11eq Ozone depletion potential (ODP), 5943.58kg C2H4 eq POCP and 197.83 max kg O2 eq EP by recycling latex paint rather than disposing it off in the landfill and producing equal amount of latex paint to replace it . Results also revealed that recycling of paint containers and plastics reduces the GWP by 25.34%, ODP by 29.79%, POCP by 15.39%, and EP by 12.47%. Paint recycling is therefore not only econo mically wise but it is also ecologically sustainable.","PeriodicalId":21136,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Environment","volume":"18 6 1","pages":"291-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76729724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.RE.20120205.03
K. Hajjami, M. Ennaji, S. Fouad, N. Oubrim, K. Khallayoune, N. Cohen, Veterinary Insitute Hassan
Settat is an examp le of Moroccan arid area with severe water scarcity. Wastewater's agricultural reuse represents a vast potential to remove pressures on freshwater resources of the region. The present study aimed to identify helminth eggs in wastewaters to which both human and animal populations are exposed when they are reused in agriculture and to evaluate removing of those pathogens by Wastewater Treat ment Plant lagoons. The technique of concentration adopted for the Helminth eggs research in the wastewaters is that of Arther Fitzgerald and al. The analysis of the results showed that 87.5% of raw wastewater samples and 31.2% of treated wastewater samp les are contaminated by the Helminth eggs with a mean concentration of 9 eggs/L and less than 1eggs/L respectively. Helminth eggs found are: Nematodes, Cestodes and several digestive strongyles. Nematodes are main ly represented by Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp and Capillaria sp., for Cestodes, species identified were Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta and Spirometra sp. This study also highlighted the qualitative and quantitative seasonal variations of helminth eggs in wastewater.
{"title":"Assessment of Helminths Health Risk Associated with reuse of Raw and Treated Wastewater of the Settat City (Morocco)","authors":"K. Hajjami, M. Ennaji, S. Fouad, N. Oubrim, K. Khallayoune, N. Cohen, Veterinary Insitute Hassan","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120205.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120205.03","url":null,"abstract":"Settat is an examp le of Moroccan arid area with severe water scarcity. Wastewater's agricultural reuse represents a vast potential to remove pressures on freshwater resources of the region. The present study aimed to identify helminth eggs in wastewaters to which both human and animal populations are exposed when they are reused in agriculture and to evaluate removing of those pathogens by Wastewater Treat ment Plant lagoons. The technique of concentration adopted for the Helminth eggs research in the wastewaters is that of Arther Fitzgerald and al. The analysis of the results showed that 87.5% of raw wastewater samples and 31.2% of treated wastewater samp les are contaminated by the Helminth eggs with a mean concentration of 9 eggs/L and less than 1eggs/L respectively. Helminth eggs found are: Nematodes, Cestodes and several digestive strongyles. Nematodes are main ly represented by Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp and Capillaria sp., for Cestodes, species identified were Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta and Spirometra sp. This study also highlighted the qualitative and quantitative seasonal variations of helminth eggs in wastewater.","PeriodicalId":21136,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":"193-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75346252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.RE.20120201.04
A. Eruola, G. C. Ufoegbune, Z. O. Ojekunle, A. Makinde, A. Amori
Intensive temporal sampling of Rainwater Harvesting System from three rooftops runoff from a catchment at Okelantoro Community in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria was carried out to assess the effect of thunderstorm on the water quality. Assessment was undertaken according to different physical and chemical parameters including biological oxygen demand (BOD), Dissolved oxygen (DO), electric conductivity (EC), Alkalinity, Total hardness (TH) and some major cations and anions. Results showed strong dilution effects in the variation in harvested rainwater quality with thunderstorm and rainstorm s, however, the rainwater harvested under thunder storm had less pollution as compared to water harvested from rain storm. The asbestos roofing sheet water sample gave higher calcium and magnesium content which reflects in the total hardness value. Sample from the aluminum roofing sheet gave the best result but it was also affected by the influence of atmospheric dust particles associated with strong winds that is associated with tropical storms. Considering the results of the physico-chemical tests, irrespective of storm, the harvested water samples could be put to other domestic uses, as they cannot be consumed directly
{"title":"Qualitative Assessment of the Effect of Thunderstorm on Rainwater Harvesting from Rooftop Catchments at Oke-Lantoro Community in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"A. Eruola, G. C. Ufoegbune, Z. O. Ojekunle, A. Makinde, A. Amori","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120201.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120201.04","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive temporal sampling of Rainwater Harvesting System from three rooftops runoff from a catchment at Okelantoro Community in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria was carried out to assess the effect of thunderstorm on the water quality. Assessment was undertaken according to different physical and chemical parameters including biological oxygen demand (BOD), Dissolved oxygen (DO), electric conductivity (EC), Alkalinity, Total hardness (TH) and some major cations and anions. Results showed strong dilution effects in the variation in harvested rainwater quality with thunderstorm and rainstorm s, however, the rainwater harvested under thunder storm had less pollution as compared to water harvested from rain storm. The asbestos roofing sheet water sample gave higher calcium and magnesium content which reflects in the total hardness value. Sample from the aluminum roofing sheet gave the best result but it was also affected by the influence of atmospheric dust particles associated with strong winds that is associated with tropical storms. Considering the results of the physico-chemical tests, irrespective of storm, the harvested water samples could be put to other domestic uses, as they cannot be consumed directly","PeriodicalId":21136,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Environment","volume":"60 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77779390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.RE.20120204.02
Worku Hailu, A. Moges, F. Yimer
Soil degradation is evident in the mountainous areas of Ethiopia, is often represented as results of human pressure. It can be improved through different Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) measures. The study was conducted in Goromti watershed, in western Ethiopia to evaluate the impact of Fanya juu structures on some soil physical & chemical properties. Cultivated fields treated by five years and ten years old fanyajuu structures were compared with non conserved cultivated land (control) and evaluated under three slope gradients. The slope gradients were; gentle (3-15%), moderately steep (15-30%) and steep slope (>30%). A total of 27 soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm soil depth replicated three times and selected physical and chemical properties were analysed in the laboratory. The results of the study showed that soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N) were significantly (p≤0.05) different on farms treated by the fanyajuu compared to the non-conserved plots as well as under the different slope gradients. Bulk density (Db), sand and clay fractions were significantly varied with slope gradient. Soil organic carbon and total N were higher while bulk density was lower in soil under the non-conserved fields than in fields with fanyajuu structures. But no significant difference was observed in soil bulk density, sand and clay fractions among treatments. Similarly, CEC, available K and available P, and exchangeable K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ didn’t show any significant differences with respect to structures and slope gradient. The research indicates that structures could benefit farmers through improving the nutrient status better if integrated with agronomic measures by using vegetation suitable for the local environment in one hand, and properly maintained for longer period of time, on the other.
{"title":"The Effects of 'Fanya juu' Soil Conservation Structure on Selected Soil Physical & Chemical Properties: the Case of Goromti Watershed, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Worku Hailu, A. Moges, F. Yimer","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120204.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120204.02","url":null,"abstract":"Soil degradation is evident in the mountainous areas of Ethiopia, is often represented as results of human pressure. It can be improved through different Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) measures. The study was conducted in Goromti watershed, in western Ethiopia to evaluate the impact of Fanya juu structures on some soil physical & chemical properties. Cultivated fields treated by five years and ten years old fanyajuu structures were compared with non conserved cultivated land (control) and evaluated under three slope gradients. The slope gradients were; gentle (3-15%), moderately steep (15-30%) and steep slope (>30%). A total of 27 soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm soil depth replicated three times and selected physical and chemical properties were analysed in the laboratory. The results of the study showed that soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N) were significantly (p≤0.05) different on farms treated by the fanyajuu compared to the non-conserved plots as well as under the different slope gradients. Bulk density (Db), sand and clay fractions were significantly varied with slope gradient. Soil organic carbon and total N were higher while bulk density was lower in soil under the non-conserved fields than in fields with fanyajuu structures. But no significant difference was observed in soil bulk density, sand and clay fractions among treatments. Similarly, CEC, available K and available P, and exchangeable K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ didn’t show any significant differences with respect to structures and slope gradient. The research indicates that structures could benefit farmers through improving the nutrient status better if integrated with agronomic measures by using vegetation suitable for the local environment in one hand, and properly maintained for longer period of time, on the other.","PeriodicalId":21136,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Environment","volume":"32 1","pages":"132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82404978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.RE.20120204.05
E. M. Rossi, Maritânia Isabel Gerhard, M. Zanella, Marciéle Bogo, Diane Scapin, Débora Oro
Due to the large consumption of water wells and springs in rural properties in the far west region of Santa Catarina and illnesses related to consumption of contaminated water, this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of water wells in rural properties in the far west of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Thus, this study can be used as a tool to discuss the current state of the wells that supply farms in the far west of Santa Catarina, since it is necessary to introduce orientation programs for consumers of untreated , for the most part unaware of these basic methods for maintaining the quality of drinking water. The research was conducted with Company of Agricultural Research and Rural Extension of Santa Catarina SA (EPAGRI) of Sao Miguel do Oeste, SC. We collected samples from 70 wells from 07 city in the region west of Santa Catarina from May 2011 to February 2012, and collected three samples per well evaluated in different periods. Samples were collected by technical EPAGRI of each municipality participating in the study and subsequently transported and analyzed in the Research Laboratory and Diagnostic Microbiology of the University of West of Santa Catarina. Towards assess the quality of water was used for faecal technique for Multiple Tube Fermentation and heterotrophic bacterial count technique pour plate with standard agar for count established by the Normative Instruction No. 62, August 26, 2003 the Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Supply. In the laboratory, were applied to wells of a user questionnaire for their perception of water quality. Of the 70 wells analysed, 67 (95.71%) were considered unsuitable for human consumption, according Decree in 2914 to 12 December 2011 the ministry of health. The average amount of total coliform samples found unsuitable (199 samples from 67 wells) was 366.09 MPN / 100 ml, ranging from 265.98 to 527.1 MPN /100 mL. Since the average amount of faecal coliform found in these samples (those considered unfit) was 62. 34 MPN /100 mL ranging from 12.73 to 105.5 MPN /100 mL. For the average score heterotrophic microorganisms in the samples was unsuitable 1386 CFU / ml, ranging from 836 to 2234 CFU / ml. Although the data found in laboratory tests, the questionnaires showed that 82.88% of owners who use water classified as good or excellent quality, and less than half (42.84%) filter or boil water before consuming it .Thus, we can see that it is extremely important that preventive measures are taken for the preservation of the sources and improving water quality in the region, since most water wells are unfit for human consumption and which further aggravates these results is the users' perception about the quality, which contributes to the lack of concern with basic care to avoid such a problem.
{"title":"Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Water Wells in Rural Properties of the City of West of Santa Catarina, Brazil","authors":"E. M. Rossi, Maritânia Isabel Gerhard, M. Zanella, Marciéle Bogo, Diane Scapin, Débora Oro","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120204.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120204.05","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the large consumption of water wells and springs in rural properties in the far west region of Santa Catarina and illnesses related to consumption of contaminated water, this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of water wells in rural properties in the far west of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Thus, this study can be used as a tool to discuss the current state of the wells that supply farms in the far west of Santa Catarina, since it is necessary to introduce orientation programs for consumers of untreated , for the most part unaware of these basic methods for maintaining the quality of drinking water. The research was conducted with Company of Agricultural Research and Rural Extension of Santa Catarina SA (EPAGRI) of Sao Miguel do Oeste, SC. We collected samples from 70 wells from 07 city in the region west of Santa Catarina from May 2011 to February 2012, and collected three samples per well evaluated in different periods. Samples were collected by technical EPAGRI of each municipality participating in the study and subsequently transported and analyzed in the Research Laboratory and Diagnostic Microbiology of the University of West of Santa Catarina. Towards assess the quality of water was used for faecal technique for Multiple Tube Fermentation and heterotrophic bacterial count technique pour plate with standard agar for count established by the Normative Instruction No. 62, August 26, 2003 the Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Supply. In the laboratory, were applied to wells of a user questionnaire for their perception of water quality. Of the 70 wells analysed, 67 (95.71%) were considered unsuitable for human consumption, according Decree in 2914 to 12 December 2011 the ministry of health. The average amount of total coliform samples found unsuitable (199 samples from 67 wells) was 366.09 MPN / 100 ml, ranging from 265.98 to 527.1 MPN /100 mL. Since the average amount of faecal coliform found in these samples (those considered unfit) was 62. 34 MPN /100 mL ranging from 12.73 to 105.5 MPN /100 mL. For the average score heterotrophic microorganisms in the samples was unsuitable 1386 CFU / ml, ranging from 836 to 2234 CFU / ml. Although the data found in laboratory tests, the questionnaires showed that 82.88% of owners who use water classified as good or excellent quality, and less than half (42.84%) filter or boil water before consuming it .Thus, we can see that it is extremely important that preventive measures are taken for the preservation of the sources and improving water quality in the region, since most water wells are unfit for human consumption and which further aggravates these results is the users' perception about the quality, which contributes to the lack of concern with basic care to avoid such a problem.","PeriodicalId":21136,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"164-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91516886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.RE.20120204.04
C. Alimba, A. A. Bakare, O. Aina
There is limited information on the toxicity of landfill leachate on somatic tissues and organs of mammals. The hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of leachates from Olusosun and Aba-Eku landfills in Southwestern Nigeria in Wistar albino rats were investigated. Rats orally exposed to 1 – 25 % concentrations of each of the test leachates were examined for clinical signs of toxicity and body weight gain during exposure. Blood, liver and kidney of surviving rats were examined for serum biochemical parameters, organ weight gain and histopathology. Clinical toxicity signs include ungroomed hair, reduced activities, hair loss, laboured breathing, reduced feed and fluid consumption, abscess and muscular disorder. There was concentration dependent sex related significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight and increase absolute and relative liver and kidney weight gain. The test samples caused increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea and creatinine but decrease albumin and total proteins. These parameters showed sexual dimorphisms. Histopathological lesions in the liver and kidney include mild to severe multifocal degeneration of the hepatocytes, multiple periportal foci, cellular infiltration, interstitial haemorrhage cortical congestion, degenerative epithelia of renal tubules and necrosis. The concentration of heavy metals and anions in the test samples were above standard permissible limits. These findings show the potentials of landfill leachate to induce liver and kidney dysfunction in rat probably via free radical formation and/or direct chemical disruption of the organs. This may be of health risk in animal and human population expose to chemical substances from waste landfills.
{"title":"Liver and Kidney Dysfunction in Wistar Rats Exposed to Municipal Landfill Leachate","authors":"C. Alimba, A. A. Bakare, O. Aina","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120204.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120204.04","url":null,"abstract":"There is limited information on the toxicity of landfill leachate on somatic tissues and organs of mammals. The hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of leachates from Olusosun and Aba-Eku landfills in Southwestern Nigeria in Wistar albino rats were investigated. Rats orally exposed to 1 – 25 % concentrations of each of the test leachates were examined for clinical signs of toxicity and body weight gain during exposure. Blood, liver and kidney of surviving rats were examined for serum biochemical parameters, organ weight gain and histopathology. Clinical toxicity signs include ungroomed hair, reduced activities, hair loss, laboured breathing, reduced feed and fluid consumption, abscess and muscular disorder. There was concentration dependent sex related significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight and increase absolute and relative liver and kidney weight gain. The test samples caused increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea and creatinine but decrease albumin and total proteins. These parameters showed sexual dimorphisms. Histopathological lesions in the liver and kidney include mild to severe multifocal degeneration of the hepatocytes, multiple periportal foci, cellular infiltration, interstitial haemorrhage cortical congestion, degenerative epithelia of renal tubules and necrosis. The concentration of heavy metals and anions in the test samples were above standard permissible limits. These findings show the potentials of landfill leachate to induce liver and kidney dysfunction in rat probably via free radical formation and/or direct chemical disruption of the organs. This may be of health risk in animal and human population expose to chemical substances from waste landfills.","PeriodicalId":21136,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Environment","volume":"9 1","pages":"150-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87259987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.RE.20120204.03
J. J. Celino, H. Corseuil, M. Fernandes, Gisele Mara Hadlich
Persistent toxic substances (PTSs) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxic effects. In this work, 14 PAHs included in the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) priority pollutant list were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Surface water sampling was undertaken in Todos os Santos Bay, northern Brazil. Total PAH concentrations varied from 0.0029 to 0.1079 ng/L in surface waters (main rivers, tributaries, etc.) with mean value of 0.0344 ng/L. Such concentrations can be taken as background values for the studied region and show that PAHs are within or lower than levels reported in certain other areas. The PAH profiles were dominated by high molecular weight PAHs (four- and five-ring components) in surface water sam- ples. It indicated that PAHs in surface water have its origin from oil or sewage contamination (petrogenic input). The col- lected data, based on indices among phenanthrene versus anthracene, showed that petrogenic input was predominant at almost all the stations investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA), using a correlation matrix, revealed the latent re- lationships among all the surface water stations investigated and confirmed our analytical results.
多环芳烃(PAHs)等持久性有毒物质因其持久性、生物蓄积性和毒性作用而受到广泛关注。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对美国环境保护署(EPA)优先污染物清单中的14种多环芳烃进行了分析。在巴西北部的Todos os Santos湾进行了地表水取样。地表水(主要河流、支流等)多环芳烃总浓度变化范围为0.0029 ~ 0.1079 ng/L，平均值为0.0344 ng/L。这些浓度可以作为研究区域的背景值，表明多环芳烃在某些其他地区报告的水平之内或更低。地表水样品中多环芳烃分布以高分子量多环芳烃(四环和五环组分)为主。这表明地表水中的多环芳烃可能来源于石油或污水污染(成岩输入)。根据菲类和蒽类的指数，收集到的数据表明，在几乎所有被调查的台站，产岩输入都占主导地位。主成分分析(PCA)利用相关矩阵揭示了地表水站之间的潜在关系，并证实了我们的分析结果。
{"title":"Persistent toxic substances in surface water of Todos Os Santos Bay, Brazil","authors":"J. J. Celino, H. Corseuil, M. Fernandes, Gisele Mara Hadlich","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120204.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120204.03","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent toxic substances (PTSs) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxic effects. In this work, 14 PAHs included in the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) priority pollutant list were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Surface water sampling was undertaken in Todos os Santos Bay, northern Brazil. Total PAH concentrations varied from 0.0029 to 0.1079 ng/L in surface waters (main rivers, tributaries, etc.) with mean value of 0.0344 ng/L. Such concentrations can be taken as background values for the studied region and show that PAHs are within or lower than levels reported in certain other areas. The PAH profiles were dominated by high molecular weight PAHs (four- and five-ring components) in surface water sam- ples. It indicated that PAHs in surface water have its origin from oil or sewage contamination (petrogenic input). The col- lected data, based on indices among phenanthrene versus anthracene, showed that petrogenic input was predominant at almost all the stations investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA), using a correlation matrix, revealed the latent re- lationships among all the surface water stations investigated and confirmed our analytical results.","PeriodicalId":21136,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75553996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.RE.20120204.06
V. Ojeh
The impact of gas flaring on the sustainable development was examined. The presence crude oil and natural gas is expected to serve as socio-economic driver of accelerated sustainable development of an area but the situation of oil producing areas of Nigeria is a far cry from the expected. Data was collected from eight (8) experimental sites around the gas flaring station including Obiaruku (control site), which has no gas-flaring station. Temperature and concentrations of air quality indices were determined. The temperature and air quality measurements in Ebedei were made, at least, 50 meters away from the bund wall of the flare. The data were analysed using the Multiple Regression and bivariate correlation. Results revealed that there is a significant relationship between ambient temperature and the gases (CO, NO2, SO4 and CH4) flared in Ebedei at F value of 20.069 which is greater than the critical value of 9.12. An increase in flared gases results to a corre- sponding increase in temperature. Strong negative relationship exists between distance from the bund wall of the flare and temperature at r=0.855. Recommendations: (FEPA) should constantly monitor and evaluate the level of damages done by gas flaring to ensure compliance and sustainability of the environment.
{"title":"Sustainable Development and Gas Flaring Activities: a Case Study of Ebedei Area of Ukwuani LGA, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"V. Ojeh","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120204.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120204.06","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of gas flaring on the sustainable development was examined. The presence crude oil and natural gas is expected to serve as socio-economic driver of accelerated sustainable development of an area but the situation of oil producing areas of Nigeria is a far cry from the expected. Data was collected from eight (8) experimental sites around the gas flaring station including Obiaruku (control site), which has no gas-flaring station. Temperature and concentrations of air quality indices were determined. The temperature and air quality measurements in Ebedei were made, at least, 50 meters away from the bund wall of the flare. The data were analysed using the Multiple Regression and bivariate correlation. Results revealed that there is a significant relationship between ambient temperature and the gases (CO, NO2, SO4 and CH4) flared in Ebedei at F value of 20.069 which is greater than the critical value of 9.12. An increase in flared gases results to a corre- sponding increase in temperature. Strong negative relationship exists between distance from the bund wall of the flare and temperature at r=0.855. Recommendations: (FEPA) should constantly monitor and evaluate the level of damages done by gas flaring to ensure compliance and sustainability of the environment.","PeriodicalId":21136,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Environment","volume":"14 6 1","pages":"169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81044174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.RE.20120201.11
Y. Iyaka, S. Kakulu
Contents of Cu, Zn and Pb in top soils of the vicinity of a local brass industrial site within a residential area in Bida, Niger State, Nigeria were determined. The obtained results from the soils of the vicinity of the local brass indus- trial site showed some extent of contamination with significant elevated mean values of 467± 455µgCug -1 , 181± 44µgZng -1 and 181± 201µPbg -1 , when compared to 5.4±1.2µgCug -1 , 12±3.2µgZng -1 and not detectable value for Pb from the control soils. Hence, this study has helped to create the public awareness with regard to the risk of the adverse health effects that could possibly arise from the environmental pollution by heavy metals, particularly with regard to Pb in soils and the con- sequent need for immediate remediation of the studied area.
{"title":"Topsoil Contamination by Heavy Metals from a Local Brass Industrial Area of Nigeria","authors":"Y. Iyaka, S. Kakulu","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120201.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120201.11","url":null,"abstract":"Contents of Cu, Zn and Pb in top soils of the vicinity of a local brass industrial site within a residential area in Bida, Niger State, Nigeria were determined. The obtained results from the soils of the vicinity of the local brass indus- trial site showed some extent of contamination with significant elevated mean values of 467± 455µgCug -1 , 181± 44µgZng -1 and 181± 201µPbg -1 , when compared to 5.4±1.2µgCug -1 , 12±3.2µgZng -1 and not detectable value for Pb from the control soils. Hence, this study has helped to create the public awareness with regard to the risk of the adverse health effects that could possibly arise from the environmental pollution by heavy metals, particularly with regard to Pb in soils and the con- sequent need for immediate remediation of the studied area.","PeriodicalId":21136,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"86-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90834719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.RE.20120201.08
Yasin El Hadary, N. Samat
The misconception that seems to be dominant among many academicians and policy makers is that pastoral- ists are often to be blamed for degrading the resources they rely upon and are indifferent about the ecological consequences of their actions. Melville Herskovits' theory of the 'East African cattle complex' and Hardin' theory of the 'tragedy of commons' has viewed indigenous pastoralists who shared grazing resources communally are ignorant and environmentally destructive. Recent researches on range ecology and social science have found evidence that knowledge is not being the scarce commodity among pastoralists. The Scoones' new thinking approach has shown that pastoralists are often knowl- edgeable about their surrounding environments and capable of regulating the use of grazing resources among local groups as well as with outsiders in a sustainable manner. Despite this fact, little has been said about pastoralists' local knowledge and even less is known about the role of this knowledge in securing livelihood of the overwhelming majority of the inhabi- tants in the dry lands. This paper focuses on the role played by Sudanese pastoralists' local knowledge in rangeland man- agement and the current constraints that have taken place. The main objective is to investigate how this knowledge is pow- erfully reflected in pastoral adaption strategies to the ecological marginality of Gedarif state in the eastern Sudan. Filling the existing lack of literature in indigenous knowledge and to highlight its importance in securing livelihood, minimizing risks and conserving the environment are the main contributions of this article.
{"title":"Managing Scarcity in the Dryland of the Eastern Sudan: the Role of Pastoralists' Local Knowledge in Rangeland Management","authors":"Yasin El Hadary, N. Samat","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120201.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120201.08","url":null,"abstract":"The misconception that seems to be dominant among many academicians and policy makers is that pastoral- ists are often to be blamed for degrading the resources they rely upon and are indifferent about the ecological consequences of their actions. Melville Herskovits' theory of the 'East African cattle complex' and Hardin' theory of the 'tragedy of commons' has viewed indigenous pastoralists who shared grazing resources communally are ignorant and environmentally destructive. Recent researches on range ecology and social science have found evidence that knowledge is not being the scarce commodity among pastoralists. The Scoones' new thinking approach has shown that pastoralists are often knowl- edgeable about their surrounding environments and capable of regulating the use of grazing resources among local groups as well as with outsiders in a sustainable manner. Despite this fact, little has been said about pastoralists' local knowledge and even less is known about the role of this knowledge in securing livelihood of the overwhelming majority of the inhabi- tants in the dry lands. This paper focuses on the role played by Sudanese pastoralists' local knowledge in rangeland man- agement and the current constraints that have taken place. The main objective is to investigate how this knowledge is pow- erfully reflected in pastoral adaption strategies to the ecological marginality of Gedarif state in the eastern Sudan. Filling the existing lack of literature in indigenous knowledge and to highlight its importance in securing livelihood, minimizing risks and conserving the environment are the main contributions of this article.","PeriodicalId":21136,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Environment","volume":"40 1","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83935014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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