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Empresas y Derechos Humanos: ¿Presencia en la agenda programática del MERCOSUR? 商业与人权:出现在南方共同市场的议程上?
Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.16890/rstpr.a9.n18.p76
L. F. Castillo Argañarás, A. Vázquez
Los derechos humanos son el marco de efectivo de protección para el desarrollo de la persona; su reconocimiento por parte del Estado implica su garantía para el goce y ejercicio. Sin embargo, resultaría incompleto un análisis que no integre la actividad empresarial.Con el advenimiento de globalización, los avances tecnológicos, las nuevas potencias emergentes y él desdibujo de las fronteras, el mantenimiento del orden internacional presentó nuevos desafíos que fueron respondidos en los distintos niveles de integración.Con especial énfasis, desde los años noventa y al comienzo del milenio, encontramos una preocupación común respecto de las consecuencias de la actividad empresarial en los Derechos Humanos. Preocupación que se tradujo en una creciente agenda temática en distintos organismos internacionales.El rol de las empresas, como típicos actores de la economía doméstica, comenzó a cuestionarse en el contexto de la globalización, y su actuación transfronteriza introdujo nuevos desafíos al marco político y jurídico operante a nivel nacional. Las Naciones Unidas hicieron eco institucional de esta situación a partir del año 2005. Sin embargo, en el MERCOSUR demoró una década más.En este contexto, el presente artículo busca responder al interrogante: ¿qué lugar tiene el tema Empresa y Derechos Humanos en la agenda del MERCOSUR?La respuesta a dicha pregunta se dará mediante el análisis diacrónico de los hitos programáticos del MERCOSUR en materia de Derechos Humanos.
人权是有效保护个人发展的框架;国家对它们的承认意味着保证它们的享受和行使。然而,不包括商业活动的分析是不完整的。随着全球化、技术进步、新兴大国的出现和边界的划定,国际秩序的维护提出了新的挑战,这些挑战在不同层次的一体化中得到了应对。特别强调,自1990年代以来和本世纪初以来,我们发现了对商业活动对人权的影响的共同关切。这种关切反映在各国际组织日益增加的专题议程上。在全球化的背景下,企业作为国内经济的典型参与者的作用开始受到质疑,它们的跨界行动给国家一级的政治和法律框架带来了新的挑战。自2005年以来,联合国在机构上呼应了这种情况。然而,在南方共同市场,它又花了10年时间。在此背景下,本文试图回答以下问题:商业与人权在南方共同市场议程中的地位是什么?这个问题的答案将通过对南方共同市场人权方案里程碑的历时性分析来给出。
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引用次数: 0
A solicitação de opiniões consultivas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal: democratização do acesso ao Tribunal Permanente de Revisão do MERCOSUL 联邦最高法院征求咨询意见的请求:南方共同市场常设审查法院的民主化准入
Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.16890/rstpr.a9.n18.p98
Georgia Anastácia Campana Murari
O presente estudo tem por objetivo discorrer sobre a solicitação de opiniões consultivas ao Tribunal Permanente de Revisão (TPR) do MERCOSUL pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), demonstrando a democratização do acesso a este tribunal pelo órgão de cúpula do Poder Judiciário brasileiro. Para tanto, o trabalho utilizou o método dedutivo, por meio do qual parte-se de uma premissa geral para um caso particular, e a técnica de pesquisa aplicada é a documentação indireta por meio de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Inicialmente, analisa-se a criação do MERCOSUL, os Meios de Solução de Controvérsias Internacionais e o Sistema de Solução de Controvérsias do bloco. Posteriormente, verifica-se a criação, a composição, o funcionamento e as funções do Tribunal Permanente de Revisão (TPR) do MERCOSUL, com foco na função consultiva deste Tribunal. Por último, examina-se o procedimento de solicitação de opiniões consultivas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) com a finalidade de evidenciar a democratização do acesso ao Tribunal Permanente pelos brasileiros.
本研究旨在探讨最高联邦法院(STF)向南方共同市场常设审查法庭(TPR)征求咨询意见的请求,展示巴西最高司法机构进入该法庭的民主化。因此,本研究采用演绎法,从一般前提出发,针对特定案例,应用的研究技术是通过文献和文献研究的间接文献。首先,分析了南方共同市场的建立、国际争端解决手段和争端解决体系。随后,它验证了南方共同市场常设审查法庭(TPR)的创建、组成、运作和职能,重点是该法庭的咨询职能。最后,它审查了联邦最高法院(STF)征求咨询意见的程序,以突出巴西人进入常设法院的民主化。
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引用次数: 0
A complexidade social para adoção de um Tribunal de Justiça Internacional 通过国际法院的社会复杂性
Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.16890/rstpr.a9.n18.p59
P. Fernandes, Leonel Severo Rocha
Os problemas sociais globais são algo cada vez mais comum tendo em vista que a a sociedade contemporânea já não é mais local, tendo por base esse fato, assim como os paradoxos sistêmico sociais, entende-se que a adoção de um ordenamento jurídico supranacional, possa vir a ser uma, possível solução a esses problemas, tendo em vista que problemáticas mundiais, exigem soluções igualmente globais. Desse modo, para proceder uma clara investigação dos fatos, pretendemos utilizar como teoria de base para realização do presente estudo a Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais Autopoiéticos, de Niklas Luhman, acompanhado do método indutivo de pesquisa, bem como a revisão de bibliografias nacionais e internacionais, divido em três tópicos, quais sejam a complexidade social, a fragmentação constitucional e, por fima (im)possibilidade de adoção de um órgão jurisdicional supranacional, osqual em tese, até o presente momento fora cogitado somente no âmbito daidéias.
全球社会问题是越来越常见以来当代社会不再是地方,基于这个事实,就像社会悖论系统性。那意味着采用一个超国家的法律,成为一个可能的解决这些问题,因为全球问题,需要全球解决方案同样。那样,为一个明确的调查事实,我们能作为本研究的基本理论进行系统理论Niklas Luhman Autopoiéticos,一些社会的归纳法的研究国内外文献资料的回顾,分为三个主题,是宪法和分裂、社会复杂性fima (im)可能采用大幅法院osqual理论上,到目前为止,它只在daideias的框架内被考虑过。
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引用次数: 0
El derecho internacional privado del MERCOSUR en la práctica de los tribunales internos de los estados partes 南方共同市场国际私法在缔约国国内法院实践中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.16890/RSTPR.A9.N17.P234
G. Vieira
O compêndio organizado pelas eminentes professoras Luciana Scotti e Luciane Klein Vieira, publicado em Assunção, na República do Paraguai em 2020 pela Secretaria do Tribunal Permanente de Revisão do MERCOSUL, sob o título “El Derecho Internacional Privado del MERCOSUR en la práctica de los tribunales internos de los Estados Partes” traz contribuição sem igual acerca do panorama da aplicação do Direito da Integração mercosulino nos tribunais dos países do bloco, destacando-se pela combinação de amplitude com profundidade.
纲要由杰出的老师要星际和克莱恩Luciane维埃拉,在巴拉圭首都发表于2020年的秘书站在法院审查南方共同市场,在标题“El变化的国际私人del南方共同市场的物质洛洛缔约国内部tribunales”带来的贡献无与伦比的景观的整合mercosulino法院执行集团国家,它以振幅和深度的结合而闻名。
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引用次数: 1
Presentación
Pub Date : 2020-08-17 DOI: 10.16890/rstpr.a8.n16.p9
Juan Manuel Rivero Godoy
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引用次数: 0
Food Security Measures and Labor Regulations in the EU-MERCOSUR Agreement: An Overview of the Legal Challenges 欧盟-南方共同市场协定中的食品安全措施和劳工法规:法律挑战概述
Pub Date : 2020-08-17 DOI: 10.16890/rstpr.a8.n16.p224
Mauro Pucheta, C. Alonso, Carlos Ruiz Macho
In June 2019, the European Union and Mercosur reached a political agreement in order to sign a comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA), which aims to increase interregional trade and to further develop cooperation in non-commercial areas, such as food security and labor regulations. The EU has a normative power through which it intends to export its values and standards. Upon the ratification of this agreement, MERCOSUR and its Member States will certainly need to reform their legal orders so as to align themselves with the food security international standards such as the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties. It may also have an impact upon intellectual property regulations. Labor standards constitute another key aspect of the non-commercial interests of this agreement. In order to avoid social dumping, the EU may require MERCOSUR Member States to ratify ILO Conventions such as the 87 – which has not been ratified by Brazil yet – in order to guarantee a level playing field. Since the final text is currently being discussed, the impact of this agreement will largely depend upon the political will of both parties.
2019年6月,欧盟与南方共同市场就签署全面自由贸易协定达成政治协议,旨在促进区域间贸易,并进一步发展粮食安全和劳动法规等非商业领域的合作。欧盟拥有规范性权力,它打算借此输出其价值观和标准。在批准这一协定后,南方共同市场及其成员国肯定需要改革其法律秩序,以便使自己与国际保护植物新品种联盟等粮食安全国际标准保持一致。它还可能对知识产权法规产生影响。劳工标准构成本协议非商业利益的另一个关键方面。为了避免社会倾销,欧盟可能会要求南方共同市场成员国批准国际劳工组织的公约,例如巴西尚未批准的第87号公约,以保证公平竞争的环境。由于最后文本目前正在讨论中,这项协议的影响将在很大程度上取决于双方的政治意愿。
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引用次数: 2
La gratuidad de los derechos prestacionales como derechos humanos. Una propuesta para su ponderación y otorgamiento 作为人权的服务权利是免费的。考虑和授予的建议
Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.16890/rstpr.a8.n15.p92
C. García
espanolEl reconocimiento y la implementacion de los Derechos Humanos ha generado que su cumplimiento sea en algunos casos a costa del erario. Este articulo analizara si los derechos prestacionales solicitados como Derechos Humanos, deben ser otorgados sin condiciones, o si, al contrario, debe existir un mecanismo para que no haya abuso en su exigibilidad y justiciabilidad. EnglishThe recognition and the implementation of the Human Rights has generated that his fulfillment is in some cases at the cost of the budget. This article will analyze if the servicial rights requested as human rights, they must be granted without conditions, or if, on the contrary, a mechanism must exist in order that there is no abuse in their exigibility and justiciability.
对人权的承认和执行导致在某些情况下以金钱为代价遵守人权。本文分析了作为人权所要求的服务权利是否应该无条件地给予,或者相反,是否应该有一种机制来防止其可执行性和可执行性的滥用。对人权的承认和执行导致在某些情况下要付出预算的代价才能实现人权。本文将分析所要求的服务权利是否为人权,是否应无条件给予,或者相反,是否应存在一种机制,以确保其可执行性和可诉性不受滥用。
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引用次数: 0
Mecanismo de solución de controversias del MERCOSUR y derecho administrativo global 南方共同市场争端解决机制与全球行政法
Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.16890/rstpr.a8.n15.p31
P. Sales
Initially, it will be analyzed what would be global governance and Global Administrative Law (DAG), as a regulator of its exercise, mainly through its principles that seek legitimacy and accountability. Among them, proportionality, protection of legitimate expectations, participation, the duty to motivate decisions and the right of appeal will be highlighted. However, the focus will be the regulation of trade exercised by MERCOSUR, in an attempt to verify to what extent the precepts of the DAG are respected. Focusing on the MERCOSUR dispute settlement mechanism, the research will analyze the evolution of this system, up to the current stage with a critical analysis from the DAG perspective, to know what agrees with it and what must evolve to improve the level of business governance that, as the case study analysis will show, is already reaching global levels. Finally, drawing the current panorama of the MERCOSUR dispute settlement system, the course towards evolution will be delineated to guarantee greater stability, efficiency and consolidation of the integration process, based on DAG and its contribution to the legitimacy of global governance.
首先,它将分析什么是全球治理和全球行政法(DAG),作为其行使的监管者,主要通过其寻求合法性和问责制的原则。其中,相称性、保护合法期望、参与、推动决定的义务和上诉权将得到强调。不过,重点将是南方共同市场对贸易的管制,以便核实在何种程度上遵守了发展目标的各项规定。以南方共同市场争端解决机制为重点,本研究将分析该体系的演变,并从DAG的角度进行批判性分析,以了解哪些方面与之一致,哪些方面必须发展以提高企业治理水平,正如案例研究分析所显示的那样,企业治理水平已经达到全球水平。最后,在总结南锥体共同市场争端解决制度的当前概况的基础上,将描绘出发展的方向,以保证一体化进程在DAG及其对全球治理合法性的贡献的基础上更加稳定、高效和巩固。
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引用次数: 0
Presentación
Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.16890/rstpr.a8.n15.p9
Juan Manuel Rivero Godoy
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引用次数: 0
El Derecho Internacional en Banksy: interlocuciones entre derecho internacional, filosofía política y street art 班克斯的国际法:国际法、政治哲学和街头艺术之间的对话
Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.16890/rstpr.a8.n15.p186
Marcus Vinícius Xavier de Oliveira
Due to the increase in activities across borders, legal cooperation between countries has been increasingly promoted, thereby assuming a significant role in the current international context of a globalized world. In this sense, the act of legal cooperation appears as an important mechanism to guarantee access to justice, as well as to achieve effective judicial protection beyond national borders. From this premise, it is intended to undertake a study from the dynamics of the current international reality to the new Brazilian paradigm of international legal cooperation, above all, seeking to emphasize innovations and improvements in the cooperation mechanisms provided by the New Brazilian Civil Procedure Code (Law no 13.105 / 2015). In this way, the work is structured in two chapters, in the first one a contextualization of the current dynamics of international reality will be addressed and in the second chapter the mechanisms of international legal cooperation in force in the Brazilian civil procedural diploma will be specifically analyzed.
由于跨国界活动的增加,各国之间的法律合作日益得到促进,从而在当今全球化世界的国际背景下发挥了重要作用。从这个意义上说,法律合作行为似乎是保障诉诸司法以及实现有效的跨国界司法保护的重要机制。在此前提下,本研究旨在从当前国际现实的动态到巴西国际法律合作的新范式进行研究,最重要的是,寻求强调新巴西民事诉讼法(第13.105 / 2015号法律)提供的合作机制的创新和改进。这样,这项工作分为两章,第一章将讨论当前国际现实动态的背景,第二章将具体分析巴西民事诉讼证书中有效的国际法律合作机制。
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引用次数: 0
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Rev. secr. Trib. perm. revis.
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