Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical最新文献

Cryptococcal disease is the third most common invasive fungal infection in solid organ transplant recipients and is associated with high-morbidity and -mortality rates. Donor-derived Cryptococcus spp. infection typically manifests within the first month post-procedure and has historically been caused by C. neoformans complex, predominantly in kidney recipients, but also after liver transplantation. We report the first documented case of donor-derived, early-onset C. gattii complex meningoencephalitis following liver transplantation in a 54-year-old woman, successfully treated with amphotericin B and fluconazole, and review the relevant literature.

Sporotrichosis is caused by fungi belonging to the genus Sporothrix, and is generally acquired by traumatic inoculation. A 26-year-old man developed pustular lesions and a 6-kg weight loss after developing a lesion on his right hand 6 months previously. He was diagnosed with acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and disseminated sporotrichosis cultures of bone and muscle biopsy and blood samples grew Sporothrix schenckii. The patient underwent reconstructive surgery and 9 months of treatment with amphotericin B and itraconazole, and showed complete wound healing and improved hand functionality. Suspicion of the disease is necessary in immunosuppressed patients living in endemic areas.

Background: This paper reports the occurrence of Panstrongylus guentheri Berg, 1879 in the State of Mato Grosso (MT).

Methods: Triatomines were captured in rural environments in municipalities of MT. Specimens were identified, and Trypanosoma cruzi infection was investigated.

Results: Nineteen specimens of Panstrongylus guentheri were found, primarily inside houses. The geographical distribution of this species was recorded in nine municipalities of Mato Grosso, and parasitological tests did not detect T. cruzi on P. guentheri.

Conclusions: The distribution of this species in Brazil has been recently updated.

Snakebites from the genus Bothrops are common and are responsible for the highest mortality rate in Brazil. Factors related to the species, treatment, and patient influence the clinical manifestations and prognosis of the condition. Young patients without comorbidities have better prognoses and rarely develop severe systemic complications. This report discusses a case of brain death of an 11-year-old boy due to intracranial hypertension following possible Bothrops snakebite. Despite receiving antivenom therapy, the patient experienced seizures, mental confusion, and decreased consciousness. Autopsy, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and laboratory results indicated a snakebite with unconventional symptoms as the cause of death.

Background: This study investigated the self-rated general health, mental health, and work absenteeism among patients with laboratory-confirmed chikungunya.

Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with 63 patients ≥22 months after infection.

Results: Patients who reported (N=42) or did not report (N=21) chronic arthralgia, defined by duration ≥90 days, had different frequencies for low scores for general health (68.3% vs. 30.0%, respectively; prevalence ratio, 95% confidence interval: 2.3, 1.1-4.6), symptoms of depression (31.7% vs. 15.0%; 2.1, 0.7-6.6), symptoms of anxiety (43.9% vs. 35.0%; 1.3, 0.6-2.5), and work absenteeism (76.5% and 40.0%; 1.9, 0.9-4.2).

Conclusions: Chikungunya chronic arthralgia impacts long-term health and work.

Epidemics and outbreaks caused by the dengue virus pose risks to populations and have high mortality rates, causing burdens and economic costs worldwide. Brazil recently experienced an explosive increase in the number of dengue cases and fatalities. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can progress to severe forms. It affects more than 100 countries, presenting ongoing challenges in Brazil and globally since its identification. Other conditions may be overlooked or mistaken for dengue. The most important differential diagnoses are other infectious diseases and rheumatological, hematological, gastroenterological, and neurological disorders. In this article, we discuss the primary differential diagnoses of dengue and offer a literature review highlighting the key clinical differences among clinicians. This review emphasizes the critical importance of differentiating dengue fever from infectious diseases such as meningococcemia and malaria and autoimmune and rheumatological conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus to ensure timely and appropriate management.

Background: Vector distribution influences arbovirus persistence. This study examined the diversity of mosquito breeding sites in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods: Mosquito specimens were collected at Fazenda dos Cordeiros, Silva Jardim, Brazil. Tire, plastic, bamboo, and sapucaia traps were evaluated for oviposition preferences using ecological indices.

Results: Tire traps had the highest density. Bamboo traps showed the highest diversity. Plastic container was the most divergent site. The key recorded vector species included Aedes albopictus and Haemagogus leucocelaenus.

Conclusions: Identifying the breeding sites that contribute the most to mosquito density is essential for optimizing control strategies.