Pub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0144-2024
Huilin Zhi, Zehu Liu, Xiujiao Xia
{"title":"Pubic pediculosis under the armpits of a homosexual male.","authors":"Huilin Zhi, Zehu Liu, Xiujiao Xia","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0144-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0144-2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0598-2023
Diogo Tavares Cardoso, Fernanda do Carmo Magalhães, Martin Johannes Enk, Stefan Michael Geiger, David Soeiro Barbosa
Background: In 1970, Brazil implemented the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE, Portuguese acronym for Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose) was implemented in Brazil, where, through successive treatment interventions, the epidemiology and transmission of schistosomiasis have changed significantly over time. This study aimed to evaluate the PCE's effectiveness by critically analyzing the disease notification system.
Methods: An ecological study was conducted using data on reported schistosomiasis cases in Brazil between 2007 and 2020.
Results: The highest number of municipalities actively participating in the PCE was 750, recorded in 2007. Conversely, participation reached its lowest point in 2020, with only 259 municipalities involved. Over the past decade, there has been a drastic decline in the number of municipalities with active schistosomiasis control programs. During the same period, there was an observed increase in the number of deaths caused by schistosomiasis, while the number of reported cases decreased. This suggests an inverse correlation.
Conclusions: The present data suggest that schistosomiasis cases are not correctly diagnosed or reported, reflecting a twisted image of the magnitude of this public health problem in Brazil.
背景:1970年,巴西实施了血吸虫病控制计划(PCE,葡萄牙语缩写为Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose),通过连续的治疗干预,血吸虫病的流行病学和传播情况随着时间的推移发生了显著变化。本研究旨在通过对疾病通报系统进行批判性分析,评估 PCE 的有效性:方法:利用 2007 年至 2020 年间巴西报告的血吸虫病病例数据开展了一项生态研究:结果:2007 年,积极参与 PCE 的城市数量最多,达到 750 个。相反,2020 年的参与度达到最低点,只有 259 个城市参与其中。在过去十年中,积极开展血吸虫病控制计划的城市数量急剧下降。同期,血吸虫病导致的死亡人数有所增加,而报告病例数却有所下降。这表明两者之间存在反比关系:目前的数据表明,血吸虫病病例没有得到正确的诊断或报告,这反映出巴西这一公共卫生问题的严重性被扭曲了。
{"title":"Challenges to Schistosomiasis Control Program in Brazil: setbacks in the control program and critical analysis of the disease notification.","authors":"Diogo Tavares Cardoso, Fernanda do Carmo Magalhães, Martin Johannes Enk, Stefan Michael Geiger, David Soeiro Barbosa","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0598-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0598-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 1970, Brazil implemented the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE, Portuguese acronym for Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose) was implemented in Brazil, where, through successive treatment interventions, the epidemiology and transmission of schistosomiasis have changed significantly over time. This study aimed to evaluate the PCE's effectiveness by critically analyzing the disease notification system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ecological study was conducted using data on reported schistosomiasis cases in Brazil between 2007 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest number of municipalities actively participating in the PCE was 750, recorded in 2007. Conversely, participation reached its lowest point in 2020, with only 259 municipalities involved. Over the past decade, there has been a drastic decline in the number of municipalities with active schistosomiasis control programs. During the same period, there was an observed increase in the number of deaths caused by schistosomiasis, while the number of reported cases decreased. This suggests an inverse correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present data suggest that schistosomiasis cases are not correctly diagnosed or reported, reflecting a twisted image of the magnitude of this public health problem in Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0577-2023
Fernanda Gonçalves Garcia, Fernanda Rodrigues Helmo, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, Virmondes Rodrigues, Carlo José Freire Oliveira, Luciana de Almeida Silva Teixeira, Alexandre de Paula Rogério, David Nascimento Silva Teixeira
Background: The intensity of dengue virus (DV) replication and circulating non-structural protein 1 (NS1) levels may promote changes in the human immune response and favor severe forms of infection. We investigated the correlations between NS1 with CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels, and IFN-γ receptor α chain (CD119) expression, and CXCL10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with recombinant IFN-γ in DV-infected patients with different clinical forms.
Methods: Dengue virus NS1, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels were measured in 152 DV-infected patients with different clinical forms and 20 non-infected individuals (NI) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we investigated the CXCL-10 production after in vitro IFN-γ stimulation of PBMCs from 48 DV-infected individuals (with different clinical forms of dengue fever) and 20 NI individuals using ELISA, and CD119 expression on CD14+ cells with flow cytometry.
Results: Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) had significantly higher NS1, CXCL-8, and CXCL-10 serum levels than those with classic dengue fever (DF). The response of PBMCs to IFN-γ stimulation was lower in patients with DHF than in those with DF or dengue with complications (DWC), with lower CD119 expression and reduced CXCL-10 synthesis. In addition, these alterations are associated with high NS1 serum levels.
Conclusions: Patients with DHF reported high NS1 levels, low CD119 expression, and low CXCL-10 synthesis in PBMCs, which may be associated with infection progression and severity.
{"title":"Elevated NS1 serum levels reduce CD119 expression and CXCL-10 synthesis in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever.","authors":"Fernanda Gonçalves Garcia, Fernanda Rodrigues Helmo, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, Virmondes Rodrigues, Carlo José Freire Oliveira, Luciana de Almeida Silva Teixeira, Alexandre de Paula Rogério, David Nascimento Silva Teixeira","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0577-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0577-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The intensity of dengue virus (DV) replication and circulating non-structural protein 1 (NS1) levels may promote changes in the human immune response and favor severe forms of infection. We investigated the correlations between NS1 with CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels, and IFN-γ receptor α chain (CD119) expression, and CXCL10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with recombinant IFN-γ in DV-infected patients with different clinical forms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dengue virus NS1, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels were measured in 152 DV-infected patients with different clinical forms and 20 non-infected individuals (NI) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we investigated the CXCL-10 production after in vitro IFN-γ stimulation of PBMCs from 48 DV-infected individuals (with different clinical forms of dengue fever) and 20 NI individuals using ELISA, and CD119 expression on CD14+ cells with flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) had significantly higher NS1, CXCL-8, and CXCL-10 serum levels than those with classic dengue fever (DF). The response of PBMCs to IFN-γ stimulation was lower in patients with DHF than in those with DF or dengue with complications (DWC), with lower CD119 expression and reduced CXCL-10 synthesis. In addition, these alterations are associated with high NS1 serum levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with DHF reported high NS1 levels, low CD119 expression, and low CXCL-10 synthesis in PBMCs, which may be associated with infection progression and severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0093-2024
Kemal Buğra Memiş, Zeynep Betul Deve, Sonay Aydın
{"title":"Paediatric Splenic Abscess Due to Salmonella.","authors":"Kemal Buğra Memiş, Zeynep Betul Deve, Sonay Aydın","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0093-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0093-2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0617-2023
Jardel Brasil, Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami, Maria Rita Donalisio
Background: We evaluated the predictive factors for case confirmation and death from Brazilian spotted fever in an endemic area of Southeastern Brazil.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All suspected cases reported between 2007 and 2021 were analyzed using two logistic regression models.
Results: 60 cases were confirmed. Male sex, age group of 40-59 years, tick parasitism, presence of capybaras or horses, exanthema and hospitalization were positively associated with confirmation. Death was associated with a longer period between first symptom-hospitalization and shorter treatment.
Conclusions: Complete clinical evaluation and information on risk exposure are key to early suspicion, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of deaths.
{"title":"Factors associated with the confirmation and death for Brazilian spotted fever in an important endemic area of the State of São Paulo, 2007-2021.","authors":"Jardel Brasil, Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami, Maria Rita Donalisio","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0617-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0617-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We evaluated the predictive factors for case confirmation and death from Brazilian spotted fever in an endemic area of Southeastern Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted. All suspected cases reported between 2007 and 2021 were analyzed using two logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>60 cases were confirmed. Male sex, age group of 40-59 years, tick parasitism, presence of capybaras or horses, exanthema and hospitalization were positively associated with confirmation. Death was associated with a longer period between first symptom-hospitalization and shorter treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Complete clinical evaluation and information on risk exposure are key to early suspicion, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0629-2023
Marcela Bhering, Afrânio Kritski
This study aimed to reinforce the importance of the epidemiological surveillance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Rio de Janeiro State (RJ). Here, we reviewed seven articles we published between 2018 and 2022. This study had two phases. The quantitative phase where frequency was used to describe patient characteristics and regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between treatment outcomes and covariates. The qualitative phase where content analysis of the narratives was performed. Secondary (electronic systems) and primary (semi-structured interviews) data were used. We analyzed 2,269 MDR-TB, 58.1% MDR-TB, and 18.6% extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) cases, of which 44.3% exhibited unfavorable outcomes. Among the 140 patients with XDR-TB, 29.3% had not undergone prior treatment for MDR-TB. The primary resistance rate in MDR-TB cases was 14.7%, revealing significant demographic and clinical disparities, particularly among women, Caucasians, and those with higher education levels. The number of cases increased from 7.69% in 2000 to 38.42% in 2018, showing an increasing trend (AAPC = 9.4; 95% CI 1.4-18.0, p < 0.001), with 25.4% underreporting. A qualitative study confirmed a high proportion of primary resistance (64.5%) and delayed diagnosis of MDR-TB. In RJ, the diagnostic and therapeutic cascade of MDR-TB must be improved using molecular tests to achieve an early diagnosis of resistance and immediate initiation of appropriate treatment, promote social protection for MDR/XDR-TB patients and their families, enhance TB contact tracing, establish and monitor hospital surveillance centers integrated with Primary Care, and unify various information systems through interoperability for better integration.
{"title":"Strengthening Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Epidemiological Surveillance in Rio de Janeiro: a multidimensional analysis.","authors":"Marcela Bhering, Afrânio Kritski","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0629-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0629-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to reinforce the importance of the epidemiological surveillance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Rio de Janeiro State (RJ). Here, we reviewed seven articles we published between 2018 and 2022. This study had two phases. The quantitative phase where frequency was used to describe patient characteristics and regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between treatment outcomes and covariates. The qualitative phase where content analysis of the narratives was performed. Secondary (electronic systems) and primary (semi-structured interviews) data were used. We analyzed 2,269 MDR-TB, 58.1% MDR-TB, and 18.6% extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) cases, of which 44.3% exhibited unfavorable outcomes. Among the 140 patients with XDR-TB, 29.3% had not undergone prior treatment for MDR-TB. The primary resistance rate in MDR-TB cases was 14.7%, revealing significant demographic and clinical disparities, particularly among women, Caucasians, and those with higher education levels. The number of cases increased from 7.69% in 2000 to 38.42% in 2018, showing an increasing trend (AAPC = 9.4; 95% CI 1.4-18.0, p < 0.001), with 25.4% underreporting. A qualitative study confirmed a high proportion of primary resistance (64.5%) and delayed diagnosis of MDR-TB. In RJ, the diagnostic and therapeutic cascade of MDR-TB must be improved using molecular tests to achieve an early diagnosis of resistance and immediate initiation of appropriate treatment, promote social protection for MDR/XDR-TB patients and their families, enhance TB contact tracing, establish and monitor hospital surveillance centers integrated with Primary Care, and unify various information systems through interoperability for better integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0029-2024
Milton Formiga Souza Júnior, Thallyta Maria Vieira, Agna Soares da Silva Menezes, Maria Clara Lélis Ramos Cardoso, Dulce Pimenta Gonçalves, Vanessa Ferreira da Silva, Gilberto Ramalho Pereira, Ronnie Antunes de Assis
This report describes the occurrence of the rabies virus in two species of wild animals in the urban area of Montes Claros (MOC), Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in May 2023. The virus has been detected in frugivorous chiropterans (Artibeus sp) and marmosets (Callithrix penicillata). This is the first notified case of the rabies virus in the species C. penicillata in the urban area of MOC. Our findings show that the rabies virus is circulating in the urban area of MOC; therefore, permanent preventive measures must be adopted to avoid infection of other animals and humans.
{"title":"Detection of rabies virus in Callithrix penicillata (Geoffroy, 1812) in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.","authors":"Milton Formiga Souza Júnior, Thallyta Maria Vieira, Agna Soares da Silva Menezes, Maria Clara Lélis Ramos Cardoso, Dulce Pimenta Gonçalves, Vanessa Ferreira da Silva, Gilberto Ramalho Pereira, Ronnie Antunes de Assis","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0029-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0029-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report describes the occurrence of the rabies virus in two species of wild animals in the urban area of Montes Claros (MOC), Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in May 2023. The virus has been detected in frugivorous chiropterans (Artibeus sp) and marmosets (Callithrix penicillata). This is the first notified case of the rabies virus in the species C. penicillata in the urban area of MOC. Our findings show that the rabies virus is circulating in the urban area of MOC; therefore, permanent preventive measures must be adopted to avoid infection of other animals and humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0551-2023
Pablo Sebastian Tavares Amaral, Klauss Kleydmann Sabino Garcia, Martha Cecilia Suárez-Mutis, Ronan Rocha Coelho, Allan Kardec Galardo, Felipe Murta, Gilberto Gilmar Moresco, André Machado Siqueira, Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
Deforestation and high human mobility due to mining activities have been key to the increase in malaria cases in the Americas. Here, we review the epidemiological and control aspects of malaria in the Amazon mining areas. Epidemiological evidence shows: 1) a positive correlation between illegal mining activity and malaria incidence, mostly in the Amazon region; 2) most Brazilian miners are males aged 15-29 years who move between states and even countries; 3) miners do not fear the disease and rely on medical care, diagnosis, and medication when they become ill; 4) illegal mining has emerged as the most reported anthropogenic activity within indigenous lands and is identified as a major cause of malaria outbreaks among indigenous people in the Amazon; and 5) because mining is largely illegal, most areas are not covered by any healthcare facilities or activities, leading to little assistance in the diagnosis and treatment of malaria. Our review identified five strategies for reducing the malaria incidence in areas with mining activities: 1) reviewing legislation to control deforestation and mining expansion, particularly in indigenous lands; 2) strengthening malaria surveillance by expanding the network of community health agents to support rapid diagnosis and treatment; 3) reinforcing vector control strategies, such as the use of insecticide-treated nets; 4) integrating deforestation alerts into the national malaria control program; and 5) implementing multi-sectoral activities and providing prompt assistance to indigenous populations. With this roadmap, we can expect a decrease in malaria incidence in the Amazonian mining areas in the future.
{"title":"Malaria in areas under mining activity in the Amazon: A review.","authors":"Pablo Sebastian Tavares Amaral, Klauss Kleydmann Sabino Garcia, Martha Cecilia Suárez-Mutis, Ronan Rocha Coelho, Allan Kardec Galardo, Felipe Murta, Gilberto Gilmar Moresco, André Machado Siqueira, Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0551-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0551-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deforestation and high human mobility due to mining activities have been key to the increase in malaria cases in the Americas. Here, we review the epidemiological and control aspects of malaria in the Amazon mining areas. Epidemiological evidence shows: 1) a positive correlation between illegal mining activity and malaria incidence, mostly in the Amazon region; 2) most Brazilian miners are males aged 15-29 years who move between states and even countries; 3) miners do not fear the disease and rely on medical care, diagnosis, and medication when they become ill; 4) illegal mining has emerged as the most reported anthropogenic activity within indigenous lands and is identified as a major cause of malaria outbreaks among indigenous people in the Amazon; and 5) because mining is largely illegal, most areas are not covered by any healthcare facilities or activities, leading to little assistance in the diagnosis and treatment of malaria. Our review identified five strategies for reducing the malaria incidence in areas with mining activities: 1) reviewing legislation to control deforestation and mining expansion, particularly in indigenous lands; 2) strengthening malaria surveillance by expanding the network of community health agents to support rapid diagnosis and treatment; 3) reinforcing vector control strategies, such as the use of insecticide-treated nets; 4) integrating deforestation alerts into the national malaria control program; and 5) implementing multi-sectoral activities and providing prompt assistance to indigenous populations. With this roadmap, we can expect a decrease in malaria incidence in the Amazonian mining areas in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}