Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210122
D. P. Cardoso, J. C. Avanzi, D. Ferreira, S. Acuña-Guzman, M. L. Silva, F. Pires, N. Curi
Rainfall erosivity (R factor) is one of the six factors of the Universal Soil Loss Equation, being calculated based on the product of rainfall kinetic energy multiplied by its 30-minute maximum intensity. However, the lack of detailed and reliable rainfall data in many parts of the world has driven the use of other methods to estimate rainfall erosivity based on daily, monthly or annual data. These methods still need to be assessed to determine if their estimates are consistent with the standard method for calculating rainfall erosivity. This study aimed to select a consistent method for such replacement in Brazilian conditions without access the rainfall intensity data. The tested methods included: modified Fournier, MF; modified Fournier by Zhang, MF-Z; modified Fournier by Men, MF-M; Rainfall Disaggregation, RD; TRMM Satellite with modified Fournier coefficient, TRMM-F; and TRMM Satellite with monthly rainfall, TRMM-M. The rainfall data were obtained from the USP Meteorological Station, referring to the period from 2009 to 2015. The analyses were performed according to the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model and Scott-Knott statistical tests. Considering the 1:1 line, all methods had a good adjustment, presenting similar behavior in relation to the standard method. The methods behaved differently for monthly and annual periods. The MF method proved to be capable of consistently replacing the standard method in all aforementioned situations. Considering the driest period, any method can be used. For annual rainfall erosivity estimation, the RD, MF, TRMM-F and TRMM-M methods can be applied; highlighting that the TRMM-based methods are optimal for locations without on-site rain gauges. Additionally, it was computed that the modified Fournier by Men and the modified Fournier by Zhang underestimated and overestimated the rainfall erosivity, respectively.
降雨侵蚀力(R因子)是通用水土流失方程的六个因子之一，由降雨动能乘以其30分钟最大强度计算得到。然而，由于世界上许多地方缺乏详细和可靠的降雨数据，因此采用了基于日、月或年数据的其他方法来估计降雨侵蚀力。这些方法仍然需要评估，以确定它们的估计是否与计算降雨侵蚀力的标准方法一致。本研究的目的是在巴西没有降雨强度数据的情况下选择一种一致的替代方法。检测方法包括:改良富尼尔，MF;修正Fournier by Zhang, MF-Z;Men改良的Fournier, MF-M;降雨分解;RD;修正傅里叶系数TRMM卫星;和TRMM卫星的月降雨量。降雨量数据来自USP气象站，时间为2009 - 2015年。根据可加性主效应和乘法相互作用(AMMI)模型和Scott-Knott统计检验进行分析。考虑到1:1线，所有方法都有很好的调整，表现出与标准方法相似的行为。月度和年度期间的方法表现不同。事实证明，MF方法能够在上述所有情况下始终如一地取代标准方法。考虑到最干旱时期，任何方法都可以使用。对于年降雨侵蚀力估算，可采用RD、MF、TRMM-F和TRMM-M方法;强调基于trmm的方法对于没有现场雨量计的地点是最佳的。另外，Men修正的Fournier和Zhang修正的Fournier分别低估和高估了降雨侵蚀力。
{"title":"Rainfall erosivity estimation: Comparison and statistical assessment among methods using data from Southeastern Brazil","authors":"D. P. Cardoso, J. C. Avanzi, D. Ferreira, S. Acuña-Guzman, M. L. Silva, F. Pires, N. Curi","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210122","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall erosivity (R factor) is one of the six factors of the Universal Soil Loss Equation, being calculated based on the product of rainfall kinetic energy multiplied by its 30-minute maximum intensity. However, the lack of detailed and reliable rainfall data in many parts of the world has driven the use of other methods to estimate rainfall erosivity based on daily, monthly or annual data. These methods still need to be assessed to determine if their estimates are consistent with the standard method for calculating rainfall erosivity. This study aimed to select a consistent method for such replacement in Brazilian conditions without access the rainfall intensity data. The tested methods included: modified Fournier, MF; modified Fournier by Zhang, MF-Z; modified Fournier by Men, MF-M; Rainfall Disaggregation, RD; TRMM Satellite with modified Fournier coefficient, TRMM-F; and TRMM Satellite with monthly rainfall, TRMM-M. The rainfall data were obtained from the USP Meteorological Station, referring to the period from 2009 to 2015. The analyses were performed according to the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model and Scott-Knott statistical tests. Considering the 1:1 line, all methods had a good adjustment, presenting similar behavior in relation to the standard method. The methods behaved differently for monthly and annual periods. The MF method proved to be capable of consistently replacing the standard method in all aforementioned situations. Considering the driest period, any method can be used. For annual rainfall erosivity estimation, the RD, MF, TRMM-F and TRMM-M methods can be applied; highlighting that the TRMM-based methods are optimal for locations without on-site rain gauges. Additionally, it was computed that the modified Fournier by Men and the modified Fournier by Zhang underestimated and overestimated the rainfall erosivity, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69742767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210123
C. V. V. Farhate, Z. M. Souza, M. Cherubin, L. H. Lovera, Ingrid Nehmi de Oliveira, Wellingthon da Silva Guimarães Júnnyor, N. Scala
Conventional tillage and intensive machinery traffic are the major causes of physical soil degradation in sugarcane fields. This study evaluates the impact of adopting conservation management practices during sugarcane planting on soil physical properties and stalk yield of sugarcane in the municipality of Ibitinga, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design (split-block) included four cover crops and three soil tillage systems, with three repetitions. For comparison purposes, a control treatment was also included (without cover crop and under conventional tillage). Sampling for soil physical analysis was performed in three layers that coincide with soil horizons A (0.00-0.20 m), AB (0.20-0.30 m), and Bt (0.30-0.70 m), during cane-plant and first sugarcane ratoon cycles. The results showed that cultivation of sunn hemp associated with deep subsoiling induced high stalk yield of sugarcane in both production cycles, cane plant (116 Mg ha) and first ratoon (114 Mg ha), with a net gain of 11 and 9 Mg ha compared with the control treatment, respectively. However, these results were not sufficient to induce significant differences in sugarcane yield. Nonetheless, the use of sunn hemp and millet, associated with subsoiling (at 0.40 or 0.70 m depth) during sugarcane planting, are promising management strategies to sustain better soil’s physical quality when compared to traditional management, conventional soil tillage without cover crops and/or cash crop, as peanuts, that increase the risks of soil compaction and physical degradation.
{"title":"Soil physical change and sugarcane stalk yield induced by cover crop and soil tillage","authors":"C. V. V. Farhate, Z. M. Souza, M. Cherubin, L. H. Lovera, Ingrid Nehmi de Oliveira, Wellingthon da Silva Guimarães Júnnyor, N. Scala","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210123","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional tillage and intensive machinery traffic are the major causes of physical soil degradation in sugarcane fields. This study evaluates the impact of adopting conservation management practices during sugarcane planting on soil physical properties and stalk yield of sugarcane in the municipality of Ibitinga, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design (split-block) included four cover crops and three soil tillage systems, with three repetitions. For comparison purposes, a control treatment was also included (without cover crop and under conventional tillage). Sampling for soil physical analysis was performed in three layers that coincide with soil horizons A (0.00-0.20 m), AB (0.20-0.30 m), and Bt (0.30-0.70 m), during cane-plant and first sugarcane ratoon cycles. The results showed that cultivation of sunn hemp associated with deep subsoiling induced high stalk yield of sugarcane in both production cycles, cane plant (116 Mg ha) and first ratoon (114 Mg ha), with a net gain of 11 and 9 Mg ha compared with the control treatment, respectively. However, these results were not sufficient to induce significant differences in sugarcane yield. Nonetheless, the use of sunn hemp and millet, associated with subsoiling (at 0.40 or 0.70 m depth) during sugarcane planting, are promising management strategies to sustain better soil’s physical quality when compared to traditional management, conventional soil tillage without cover crops and/or cash crop, as peanuts, that increase the risks of soil compaction and physical degradation.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69742893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220113
Xin Liu, Y. Hao, Ziyan Zhou, Limin Hua, Wenxi Cao, Ruifang Zhang, Xin Yang, T. Yu
{"title":"Inversion of soil moisture and its feedback on ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China","authors":"Xin Liu, Y. Hao, Ziyan Zhou, Limin Hua, Wenxi Cao, Ruifang Zhang, Xin Yang, T. Yu","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69746485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220125
T. Tiecher, L. Gatiboni, D. R. Santos, C. Bissani, A. Martins, C. Gianello, D. Dick, E. C. Bortoluzzi, P. A. V. Escosteguy, L. S. Silva, G. Brunetto, F. Mallmann, V. Pauletti, C. R. Lourenzi, R. Sousa, F. Carlos, A. C. Azevedo
{"title":"Base saturation is an inadequate term for Soil Science","authors":"T. Tiecher, L. Gatiboni, D. R. Santos, C. Bissani, A. Martins, C. Gianello, D. Dick, E. C. Bortoluzzi, P. A. V. Escosteguy, L. S. Silva, G. Brunetto, F. Mallmann, V. Pauletti, C. R. Lourenzi, R. Sousa, F. Carlos, A. C. Azevedo","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69746934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220125a
R. B. Cantarutti, J. M. Reichert
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor on “Base saturation is an inadequate term for Soil Science”","authors":"R. B. Cantarutti, J. M. Reichert","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220125a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220125a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69747356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29327/siacs2021.402360
Flávio Lessa Machado, Josiane Da Silva Torres Machado
{"title":"AVALIAÇÃO VISUAL DE DEGRADAÇÃO DE PASTAGENS NA REGIÃO DE CACHOEIRAS DE MACACU - RJ","authors":"Flávio Lessa Machado, Josiane Da Silva Torres Machado","doi":"10.29327/siacs2021.402360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29327/siacs2021.402360","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85332628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29327/siacs2021.406900
Dion Cristóvão Orlonski, Lucas Polli Glugoski, Grazielle Schornobai, Victor Gabriel Finkler, Vanderson Modolon Duart, Eduardo Fávero Caires
{"title":"INFLUÊNCIA DA CALAGEM SUPERFICIAL E DA ADUBAÇÃO COM ENXOFRE ELEMENTAR NA NUTRIÇÃO E NO RENDIMENTO DE GRÃOS DE MILHO E TRIGO EM SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO","authors":"Dion Cristóvão Orlonski, Lucas Polli Glugoski, Grazielle Schornobai, Victor Gabriel Finkler, Vanderson Modolon Duart, Eduardo Fávero Caires","doi":"10.29327/siacs2021.406900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29327/siacs2021.406900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78686451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29327/siacs2021.432071
Murilo De Sousa Almeida, Robson Silva da França, Jariana DE SÁ TAVARES, Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda
{"title":"EFEITO DE DOSES DE FÓSFORO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DA FAVA","authors":"Murilo De Sousa Almeida, Robson Silva da França, Jariana DE SÁ TAVARES, Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda","doi":"10.29327/siacs2021.432071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29327/siacs2021.432071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75155682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210042
Felipe Dalla-zen Bertol, A. Martins, L. G. Denardin, T. Kunrath, W. Souza, Mateus Westerhofer Goulart, P. Carvalho, I. Anghinoni
: Grazing intensity is a preponderant factor for the success of integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS). Management of grazing intensity impacts soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, soil reacidification process, and amount and quality of residues added to the ICLS. Consequently, the soil mineral nitrogen (N) forms may present different behavior throughout the pasture cycle, because they are directed linked to SOM and soil acidity dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grazing intensities and liming in the temporal variation of acidity and mineral N forms in soil surface (0.00-0.20 m) and subsurface (0.20-0.40 m), throughout the pasture cycle of an ICLS under an Oxisol in the Brazilian subtropics. The study was performed 11 years after the beginning of the field experiment, characterized by the cattle grazing in a winter pasture of oat + ryegrass during the winter and soybean cropping during the summer. The experimental design is randomized block with three replicates, where the grazing intensities are in the plots and liming is the subplots. The grazing intensities were defined as grazing sward height management, being 0.10, 0.20-0.30, and 0.40 m defined as intensive (IG), moderate (MG) and light grazing (LG), respectively. We evaluated the soil ammonium (N-NH 4+ ), nitrate (N-NO 3- ), mineral N and pH at 45, 70, 156 and 192 days after pasture sowing (DAPS). Our results showed that grazing intensities only affected the soil pH at the end of pasture cycle, with MG presenting higher pH than IG and LG, regardless of liming. A decrease of soil N mineral stocks was observed throughout the pasture cycle in all managements, due to the decrease of soil N-NO 3- stocks in the surface and subsurface layers and of N-NH 4+ only in the surface layer. The influence of grazing intensities was only observed for N mineral forms in limed areas before the beginning of grazing. At 45 DAPS, MG and LG presented the highest and the lowest N-NH 4+ , respectively. At 70 DAPS, the behavior was inverse, and LG presented the highest N-NO 3- stock and the MG and IG the lowest N-NO 3- stocks. With such results, it is possible to conclude that there is an influence of grazing intensity and liming in the temporal variation of soil pH and mineral N forms in ICLS and this may be utilized for improvements in N fertilizer management, mainly before the starting of winter grazing.
{"title":"Liming and grazing intensities effects on soil mineral nitrogen throughout the pasture cycle in a subtropical integrated crop-livestock system","authors":"Felipe Dalla-zen Bertol, A. Martins, L. G. Denardin, T. Kunrath, W. Souza, Mateus Westerhofer Goulart, P. Carvalho, I. Anghinoni","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210042","url":null,"abstract":": Grazing intensity is a preponderant factor for the success of integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS). Management of grazing intensity impacts soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, soil reacidification process, and amount and quality of residues added to the ICLS. Consequently, the soil mineral nitrogen (N) forms may present different behavior throughout the pasture cycle, because they are directed linked to SOM and soil acidity dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grazing intensities and liming in the temporal variation of acidity and mineral N forms in soil surface (0.00-0.20 m) and subsurface (0.20-0.40 m), throughout the pasture cycle of an ICLS under an Oxisol in the Brazilian subtropics. The study was performed 11 years after the beginning of the field experiment, characterized by the cattle grazing in a winter pasture of oat + ryegrass during the winter and soybean cropping during the summer. The experimental design is randomized block with three replicates, where the grazing intensities are in the plots and liming is the subplots. The grazing intensities were defined as grazing sward height management, being 0.10, 0.20-0.30, and 0.40 m defined as intensive (IG), moderate (MG) and light grazing (LG), respectively. We evaluated the soil ammonium (N-NH 4+ ), nitrate (N-NO 3- ), mineral N and pH at 45, 70, 156 and 192 days after pasture sowing (DAPS). Our results showed that grazing intensities only affected the soil pH at the end of pasture cycle, with MG presenting higher pH than IG and LG, regardless of liming. A decrease of soil N mineral stocks was observed throughout the pasture cycle in all managements, due to the decrease of soil N-NO 3- stocks in the surface and subsurface layers and of N-NH 4+ only in the surface layer. The influence of grazing intensities was only observed for N mineral forms in limed areas before the beginning of grazing. At 45 DAPS, MG and LG presented the highest and the lowest N-NH 4+ , respectively. At 70 DAPS, the behavior was inverse, and LG presented the highest N-NO 3- stock and the MG and IG the lowest N-NO 3- stocks. With such results, it is possible to conclude that there is an influence of grazing intensity and liming in the temporal variation of soil pH and mineral N forms in ICLS and this may be utilized for improvements in N fertilizer management, mainly before the starting of winter grazing.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69740897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210087
A. Coelho, L. Sangoi, Alvadi Antonio Balbinot, H. F. Kuneski, M. C. Martins
Delay of sowing date in subtropical environments with long growing seasons can modify the yield response of corn hybrids to nitrogen (N) fertilization. This study evaluated the effects of the sowing time, and N top-dress rate on corn hybrids’ yield and N-use efficiency with different cycles. Two field experiments were carried out in subtropical environment of southern Brazil. The following factors were investigated: corn hybrids (AG9025, super early cycle and P30F53, early cycle), sowing times (early and late spring), and N top-dress rates (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha). The delay of sowing date from early to late spring reduced 10 % the number of kernels per ear, decreasing grain yield. Corn presented lower yield potential in late sowings (-24 %), associated with a smaller response of grain yield to the N rate increase. The maximum corn yield was achieved at a rate of 360 kg ha of N in early spring sowing and 300 kg ha in late spring. The hybrid with early cycle presented greater yield stability and higher N use efficiency than the super early cycle hybrid in the late sowing. The N agronomic efficiency use is 47 % lower in late spring sowing than in early spring sowing. Regardless of the sowing date, the N use efficiency decreased 0.08 for each kg ha N rate increase. This study suggests a reduction of at least 20 % in the N top-dress rate when the sowing date of corn is delayed to late spring in southern Brazil to decrease N losses and production costs.
在生长季节较长的亚热带环境下，推迟播期可以改变玉米杂交品种对氮肥的产量响应。研究了播期和氮素追肥量对不同周期玉米杂交种产量和氮素利用效率的影响。在巴西南部亚热带环境下进行了两次田间试验。研究了玉米杂交种AG9025和P30F53的超早周期、播期(早春和晚春)和氮素追施量(0、150、300和450 kg ha)。早春推迟到晚春播种，穗粒数减少10%，籽粒产量下降。玉米晚播产量潜力较低(- 24%)，籽粒产量对施氮量增加的响应较小。早春施氮量为360 kg hm2，晚春施氮量为300 kg hm2时玉米产量最高。较早周期杂交品种在晚播期表现出更高的产量稳定性和氮素利用效率。晚春播氮素农艺效率利用率比早春播低47%。无论播期如何，氮素用量每增加1 kg hm2，氮素利用效率降低0.08个百分点。本研究表明，在巴西南部，玉米播期推迟到春末，为减少氮素损失和生产成本，氮肥追肥率至少可降低20%。
{"title":"Nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of corn hybrids as affected by nitrogen rates and sowing dates in subtropical environment","authors":"A. Coelho, L. Sangoi, Alvadi Antonio Balbinot, H. F. Kuneski, M. C. Martins","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210087","url":null,"abstract":"Delay of sowing date in subtropical environments with long growing seasons can modify the yield response of corn hybrids to nitrogen (N) fertilization. This study evaluated the effects of the sowing time, and N top-dress rate on corn hybrids’ yield and N-use efficiency with different cycles. Two field experiments were carried out in subtropical environment of southern Brazil. The following factors were investigated: corn hybrids (AG9025, super early cycle and P30F53, early cycle), sowing times (early and late spring), and N top-dress rates (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha). The delay of sowing date from early to late spring reduced 10 % the number of kernels per ear, decreasing grain yield. Corn presented lower yield potential in late sowings (-24 %), associated with a smaller response of grain yield to the N rate increase. The maximum corn yield was achieved at a rate of 360 kg ha of N in early spring sowing and 300 kg ha in late spring. The hybrid with early cycle presented greater yield stability and higher N use efficiency than the super early cycle hybrid in the late sowing. The N agronomic efficiency use is 47 % lower in late spring sowing than in early spring sowing. Regardless of the sowing date, the N use efficiency decreased 0.08 for each kg ha N rate increase. This study suggests a reduction of at least 20 % in the N top-dress rate when the sowing date of corn is delayed to late spring in southern Brazil to decrease N losses and production costs.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69741911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：