Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210129
Santos Martínez-Santiago, Gerardo Sergio Benedicto-Valdés, A. López-Santos, H. Silva-Rojas, E. Ojeda-Trejo, E. M. Ramírez-López
Soil CO2 emissions are formed from biotic and abiotic processes related to organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC), respectively. Calcareous soil has a high amount of SIC and occurs mainly in arid areas, and little is known about CO2 emissions from aggregates of this soil. This study aims to evaluate the emission of CO2 of aggregates from calcareous soil in the Comarca Lagunera, Mexico. Soil samples were taken from the layers of 0.00-0.15 and 0.15-0.30 m, and soil physical and chemical properties were determined. Aggregates distribution was obtained using the dry-sieving method. Macro (0.25–0.149 mm), meso (0.149–0.074 mm) and microaggregates (<0.074 mm) were selected for incubation in a dynamic closed system for 30 days under two moisture contents (15 and 30 %, dry weight basis). The CO2 emissions were quantified using a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). From total carbon measured, 97 % were found to be SIC. Soil texture is a sandy clay loam with a field capacity and a permanent wilting point of 27 and 17 %, respectively. From whole soil aggregates, 60 % were distributed in fractions lower than 0.25 mm diameter, which are highly erodible by the wind. Soil moisture content had a significant effect on the emission of CO2. The highest accumulated CO2 emission was registered in the superficial layer (0.00-0.15 m) within 0.25 mm aggregates (29.4 g m h), which turned out higher than reported for similar areas. The CO2 emissions were attributed to the dissolution reprecipitation process of high concentrations of SIC present in soil, involving a considerable contribution of CO2 to the atmosphere.
土壤CO2排放分别由与有机碳(SOC)和无机碳(SIC)相关的生物和非生物过程形成。钙质土壤碳化硅含量高，主要分布在干旱地区，对钙质土壤团聚体的CO2排放知之甚少。本研究旨在评估墨西哥Comarca Lagunera钙质土壤团聚体的CO2排放。在0.00-0.15 m和0.15-0.30 m土层取土样，测定土壤理化性质。采用干筛法得到了骨料的分布。选取宏聚集体(0.25-0.149 mm)、中聚集体(0.149-0.074 mm)和微聚集体(<0.074 mm)，在两种含水量(15%和30%，干重为基础)下，在动态封闭系统中孵育30天。采用非色散红外气体分析仪(IRGA)对CO2排放量进行量化。从测定的总碳中，97%为碳化硅。土壤质地为砂质粘土壤土，田间容量为27%，永久萎蔫点为17%。在整个土壤团聚体中，60%分布在直径小于0.25 mm的颗粒中，这些颗粒极易被风侵蚀。土壤含水量对CO2排放有显著影响。在0.25 mm团聚体内的表层(0.00m -0.15 m) (29.4 g m h)累积的CO2排放量最高，高于类似地区的报告。二氧化碳排放归因于土壤中高浓度碳化硅的溶解再沉淀过程，涉及到相当大的二氧化碳对大气的贡献。
{"title":"CO2 emission affected by moisture content and aggregate sizes in a calcareous soil of Comarca Lagunera, Mexico","authors":"Santos Martínez-Santiago, Gerardo Sergio Benedicto-Valdés, A. López-Santos, H. Silva-Rojas, E. Ojeda-Trejo, E. M. Ramírez-López","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210129","url":null,"abstract":"Soil CO2 emissions are formed from biotic and abiotic processes related to organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC), respectively. Calcareous soil has a high amount of SIC and occurs mainly in arid areas, and little is known about CO2 emissions from aggregates of this soil. This study aims to evaluate the emission of CO2 of aggregates from calcareous soil in the Comarca Lagunera, Mexico. Soil samples were taken from the layers of 0.00-0.15 and 0.15-0.30 m, and soil physical and chemical properties were determined. Aggregates distribution was obtained using the dry-sieving method. Macro (0.25–0.149 mm), meso (0.149–0.074 mm) and microaggregates (<0.074 mm) were selected for incubation in a dynamic closed system for 30 days under two moisture contents (15 and 30 %, dry weight basis). The CO2 emissions were quantified using a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). From total carbon measured, 97 % were found to be SIC. Soil texture is a sandy clay loam with a field capacity and a permanent wilting point of 27 and 17 %, respectively. From whole soil aggregates, 60 % were distributed in fractions lower than 0.25 mm diameter, which are highly erodible by the wind. Soil moisture content had a significant effect on the emission of CO2. The highest accumulated CO2 emission was registered in the superficial layer (0.00-0.15 m) within 0.25 mm aggregates (29.4 g m h), which turned out higher than reported for similar areas. The CO2 emissions were attributed to the dissolution reprecipitation process of high concentrations of SIC present in soil, involving a considerable contribution of CO2 to the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69743307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210135
L. M. Avellaneda-Torres, A. Núñez, Laura Daniela Jerez Pérez, Baudilio Acevedo Buitrago
: Páramos are unique strategic ecosystems in the neotropical region, above the upper limit of closed forest and below the lower limit of perpetual snow in the tropical mountains of Central and South America. Their soils are of particular importance for water regulation and carbon storage; however, thousands of peasants develop agricultural activities such as potato cultivation and livestock farming in these areas. This research aimed to evaluate the possible heavy metals contents (arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead) and pesticide residues (348 in total) associated with potato cultivation and livestock farming activities in soils of Páramo ecosystems (Cruz Verde and El Verjón) in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Soil samples are from areas in the Páramo under potato crops and livestock farming, at two different altitudes: 3300 m a.s.l. (meters above sea level) and 2900 m a.s.l.; and then, the physical-chemical properties, heavy metals, and pesticide content were determined in each sample. The results showed that none of the soils evaluated exceeded the concentrations of heavy metals permitted by the normativity that was analyzed. On the other hand, we found the presence of the fungicide dimethomorph (0.27 mg kg -1 ) in soils under potato crops at altitudes 1 and 2, fungicide metalaxyl (0.013 mg kg -1 ) in soils under potato crops at altitude 1, and insecticide thiamethoxam (0.048 mg kg -1 ) in soils under potato crops at altitude 2. Anyhow, the statistical analysis did not show significant heavy metals contents or pesticide residues in the Páramo soils associated with potato cultivation and livestock farming; nonetheless, there are significant impacts on five of the physicochemical properties of the soils under study (moisture, bulk density, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and phosphorus). Although soil physicochemical parameters properties were modified by soil potato crop and cattle raising, these land land-use types did not cause relevant impacts heavy metals and pesticides, which could be due to the specific agricultural practices adopted in the area (Potato-pasture rotation system, with fallow periods of between 7 and 10 years). Finally, this study represents the first report on heavy metals and pesticide residues in Páramo soils.
: Páramos是新热带地区独特的战略生态系统，高于封闭森林的上限，低于中美洲和南美洲热带山区永久积雪的下限。它们的土壤对水分调节和碳储存特别重要;然而，成千上万的农民在这些地区从事农业活动，如马铃薯种植和畜牧业。本研究旨在评估哥伦比亚Cundinamarca Páramo生态系统(Cruz Verde和El Verjón)土壤中与马铃薯种植和畜牧业活动相关的重金属含量(砷、镉、汞和铅)和农药残留(总共348种)。土壤样本来自Páramo地区的马铃薯作物和畜牧业，在两个不同的海拔高度:海拔3300米(海拔米)和海拔2900米;然后测定每个样品的理化性质、重金属和农药含量。结果表明，所有土壤的重金属含量均未超过所分析标准所允许的浓度。另一方面，我们在海拔1和海拔2的马铃薯作物土壤中发现了杀菌剂啶霉啉(0.27 mg kg -1)，在海拔1的马铃薯作物土壤中发现了杀菌剂甲螨酯(0.013 mg kg -1)，在海拔2的马铃薯作物土壤中发现了杀虫剂噻虫嗪(0.048 mg kg -1)。无论如何，统计分析并未显示Páramo土壤中与马铃薯种植和畜牧业相关的重金属含量或农药残留显著;尽管如此，对所研究的土壤的五个理化性质(水分、容重、有机碳、阳离子交换容量和磷)有显著影响。虽然土壤马铃薯作物和养牛改变了土壤理化参数性质，但这些土地利用类型并未对重金属和农药产生相关影响，这可能是由于该地区采用的特定农业实践(马铃薯-牧场轮作制度，休耕期在7至10年之间)。最后，本研究首次报道了Páramo土壤中重金属和农药残留。
{"title":"Heavy metals and pesticides in soils under different land-use patterns in neotropical high Andean Páramos","authors":"L. M. Avellaneda-Torres, A. Núñez, Laura Daniela Jerez Pérez, Baudilio Acevedo Buitrago","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210135","url":null,"abstract":": Páramos are unique strategic ecosystems in the neotropical region, above the upper limit of closed forest and below the lower limit of perpetual snow in the tropical mountains of Central and South America. Their soils are of particular importance for water regulation and carbon storage; however, thousands of peasants develop agricultural activities such as potato cultivation and livestock farming in these areas. This research aimed to evaluate the possible heavy metals contents (arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead) and pesticide residues (348 in total) associated with potato cultivation and livestock farming activities in soils of Páramo ecosystems (Cruz Verde and El Verjón) in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Soil samples are from areas in the Páramo under potato crops and livestock farming, at two different altitudes: 3300 m a.s.l. (meters above sea level) and 2900 m a.s.l.; and then, the physical-chemical properties, heavy metals, and pesticide content were determined in each sample. The results showed that none of the soils evaluated exceeded the concentrations of heavy metals permitted by the normativity that was analyzed. On the other hand, we found the presence of the fungicide dimethomorph (0.27 mg kg -1 ) in soils under potato crops at altitudes 1 and 2, fungicide metalaxyl (0.013 mg kg -1 ) in soils under potato crops at altitude 1, and insecticide thiamethoxam (0.048 mg kg -1 ) in soils under potato crops at altitude 2. Anyhow, the statistical analysis did not show significant heavy metals contents or pesticide residues in the Páramo soils associated with potato cultivation and livestock farming; nonetheless, there are significant impacts on five of the physicochemical properties of the soils under study (moisture, bulk density, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and phosphorus). Although soil physicochemical parameters properties were modified by soil potato crop and cattle raising, these land land-use types did not cause relevant impacts heavy metals and pesticides, which could be due to the specific agricultural practices adopted in the area (Potato-pasture rotation system, with fallow periods of between 7 and 10 years). Finally, this study represents the first report on heavy metals and pesticide residues in Páramo soils.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69743619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220005
S. Alfaia, M. Ayres, Acácia Lima Neves, K. Uguen, R. Miller, Juan Daniel Villacis Fajardo, A. Bakker, C. A. Ticona-Benavente
: Most studies regarding the impacts of agricultural systems on soils of the Amazon region of Brazil have been carried out on upland soil, locally known as terra firme . Information regarding the impacts of different land-use systems on floodplain soil properties is still scarce. There is a need to broaden this knowledge to understand this Amazonian ecosystem better, especially how its soils respond to human interventions. This study aimed to describe the major chemical features of floodplain soils along the Solimões-Amazon Rivers and the effects of different land-use systems on soil nutrient levels. Sixty-two different land-use systems were sampled in 15 communities located in three different regions of the Solimões/Amazonas River floodplain complex: Upper and Middle Solimões (UMS), Lower Solimões and Middle Amazon (LSMA), and Lower Amazon (LA). Soils under cultivation showed a high availability of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and P and low levels of exchangeable Al, in contrast to soils under forest and secondary vegetation, which were more acid and showed higher levels of exchangeable Al. Although most of the samples showed high contents of K + , for some areas, the low level (K + <0.15 cmol c kg -1 ) of this nutrient can become limiting to crop production. The low levels of N found in most of the analyzed samples confirm that this element may be the limiting nutrient for agriculture in floodplain ecosystems. The use of legumes and other nutrient-rich plants, which naturally occur in the Amazon floodplain environments, could potentially address this N deficiency in these soils.
关于农业系统对巴西亚马逊地区土壤影响的大多数研究都是在高地土壤上进行的，在当地被称为terra firme。关于不同土地利用制度对洪泛区土壤性质影响的资料仍然很少。有必要扩大这方面的知识，以便更好地了解亚马逊生态系统，特别是其土壤如何对人类干预作出反应。本研究旨在描述Solimões-Amazon河流沿岸洪泛区土壤的主要化学特征以及不同土地利用制度对土壤养分水平的影响。在位于Solimões/亚马逊河洪泛平原综合体三个不同区域的15个社区中，对62种不同的土地利用系统进行了采样:上和中Solimões (UMS)、下Solimões和中亚马逊(LSMA)和下亚马逊(LA)。与森林和次生植被下的土壤酸性更强，交换性Al含量更高的土壤相比，栽培土壤ca2 +、Mg +和P的有效性较高，交换性Al含量较低。尽管大多数样品的K +含量较高，但在某些地区，K +的低水平(K + <0.15 cmol c kg -1)可能会限制作物生产。在大多数分析样品中发现的低水平N证实了该元素可能是洪泛平原生态系统中农业的限制性营养元素。使用豆类和其他富含营养的植物，这些植物自然生长在亚马逊洪泛区环境中，可能会潜在地解决这些土壤中的氮缺乏问题。
{"title":"Chemical features of floodplain soils under different land-uses in the Solimões/Amazon River basin","authors":"S. Alfaia, M. Ayres, Acácia Lima Neves, K. Uguen, R. Miller, Juan Daniel Villacis Fajardo, A. Bakker, C. A. Ticona-Benavente","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220005","url":null,"abstract":": Most studies regarding the impacts of agricultural systems on soils of the Amazon region of Brazil have been carried out on upland soil, locally known as terra firme . Information regarding the impacts of different land-use systems on floodplain soil properties is still scarce. There is a need to broaden this knowledge to understand this Amazonian ecosystem better, especially how its soils respond to human interventions. This study aimed to describe the major chemical features of floodplain soils along the Solimões-Amazon Rivers and the effects of different land-use systems on soil nutrient levels. Sixty-two different land-use systems were sampled in 15 communities located in three different regions of the Solimões/Amazonas River floodplain complex: Upper and Middle Solimões (UMS), Lower Solimões and Middle Amazon (LSMA), and Lower Amazon (LA). Soils under cultivation showed a high availability of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and P and low levels of exchangeable Al, in contrast to soils under forest and secondary vegetation, which were more acid and showed higher levels of exchangeable Al. Although most of the samples showed high contents of K + , for some areas, the low level (K + <0.15 cmol c kg -1 ) of this nutrient can become limiting to crop production. The low levels of N found in most of the analyzed samples confirm that this element may be the limiting nutrient for agriculture in floodplain ecosystems. The use of legumes and other nutrient-rich plants, which naturally occur in the Amazon floodplain environments, could potentially address this N deficiency in these soils.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69744674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29327/siacs2021.436629
Thaís Nascimento Pessoa, Aline Martineli Batista, Paulo Leonel Libardi
{"title":"O TIPO DE AMOSTRA INFLUENCIA A FAIXA DE BAIXO POTENCIAL MÁTRICO DA CURVA DE RETENÇÃO DA ÁGUA NO SOLO?","authors":"Thaís Nascimento Pessoa, Aline Martineli Batista, Paulo Leonel Libardi","doi":"10.29327/siacs2021.436629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29327/siacs2021.436629","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74703655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210099
C. W. Nascimento, L. Lima, Y. Silva, Caroline Miranda Biondi
: Ultramafic soils are originated from ultramafic rocks such as peridotite and serpentinite and are highly enriched in metals (e.g., Ni, Cr, and Co) and depleted in plant nutrients (e.g., P, K, and Ca). Such characteristics make these soils unfavorable for agriculture and have raised environmental concerns on metal release to the environment. From another perspective, ultramafic soils host a diverse flora with higher endemism than surrounding non-ultramafic areas, which has provided scientists with an opportunity to investigate the evolutionary genetics of plant adaptation. Some plant species adapted to these stressful edaphic conditions developing the ability to accumulate uncommonly high metal concentrations in the harvestable biomass. Such species, called metal hyperaccumulators, can extract metals from ultramafic soils, especially Ni, in a circular economy approach in which the metal-rich biomass is incinerated to generate valuable bio-ores. Phytomining promises to turn ultramafic soils and low-grade ore bodies into economically viable alternatives to metal extraction. Here, we review the current knowledge on ultramafic soils and the most promising hyperaccumulators used to exploit them in temperate and tropical climates. In the tropics, including Brazil, the search for new hyperaccumulator candidates for phytomining and the knowledge to crop these species is incipient and holds untapped opportunities. Despite the feasibility of the phytomining chain has been proven, large-scale demonstrations of profitability are needed to establish the technology.
{"title":"Ultramafic soils and nickel phytomining opportunities: A review","authors":"C. W. Nascimento, L. Lima, Y. Silva, Caroline Miranda Biondi","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210099","url":null,"abstract":": Ultramafic soils are originated from ultramafic rocks such as peridotite and serpentinite and are highly enriched in metals (e.g., Ni, Cr, and Co) and depleted in plant nutrients (e.g., P, K, and Ca). Such characteristics make these soils unfavorable for agriculture and have raised environmental concerns on metal release to the environment. From another perspective, ultramafic soils host a diverse flora with higher endemism than surrounding non-ultramafic areas, which has provided scientists with an opportunity to investigate the evolutionary genetics of plant adaptation. Some plant species adapted to these stressful edaphic conditions developing the ability to accumulate uncommonly high metal concentrations in the harvestable biomass. Such species, called metal hyperaccumulators, can extract metals from ultramafic soils, especially Ni, in a circular economy approach in which the metal-rich biomass is incinerated to generate valuable bio-ores. Phytomining promises to turn ultramafic soils and low-grade ore bodies into economically viable alternatives to metal extraction. Here, we review the current knowledge on ultramafic soils and the most promising hyperaccumulators used to exploit them in temperate and tropical climates. In the tropics, including Brazil, the search for new hyperaccumulator candidates for phytomining and the knowledge to crop these species is incipient and holds untapped opportunities. Despite the feasibility of the phytomining chain has been proven, large-scale demonstrations of profitability are needed to establish the technology.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69742649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210125
L. Alves, L. G. Denardin, G. D. Farias, J. Flores, Dionata Filippi, C. Bremm, P. Carvalho, A. Martins, L. Gatiboni, T. Tiecher
: In an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), system fertilization exploits the nutrient cycling imposed by animal grazing and increases the system efficiency. An increasingly popular approach to fertilization in southern Brazil is anticipating P and K requirements for soybeans into the pasture phase. This can increase the use efficiency of these nutrients in ICLS based on meat production in winter and soybean in summer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilization strategy, grazing and soil acidity correction on herbage and animal production, soybean yield, P and K contents in soil and plant tissue, and P and K use and economic efficiency. In 2017, a field experiment was established on an Acrisol ( Argissolo Vermelho distrófico ) double-cropped with soybean and Italian ryegrass under no-tillage. Herbage and animal production, soybean yield, available P and K contents, and P and K plant tissue status were determined. Available P and K in the soil were unaffected by grazing and fertilization strategy. Conversely, system fertilization and liming increased the P and K contents of aboveground Italian ryegrass biomass. Additionally, the available K budget in the soil was 2.7 times smaller in the integrated system with system fertilization than in the specialized system with conventional fertilization, possibly due to K fixation in non-exchangeable forms. By contrast, the available P budget in the soil was not affected by treatments and was positive with all systems. The use of ICLS increased economic return, and P and K use efficiency for protein production. System fertilization did not affect soybean yield, but it increased the total herbage production of Italian ryegrass. Despite this, sheep live weight did not increase. Using ICLS in combination with system fertilization provides an effective nutrient management strategy with a higher potential for sustainable food production when compared with conventional fertilization.
{"title":"Fertilization strategies and liming in no-till integrated crop–livestock systems: effects on phosphorus and potassium use efficiency","authors":"L. Alves, L. G. Denardin, G. D. Farias, J. Flores, Dionata Filippi, C. Bremm, P. Carvalho, A. Martins, L. Gatiboni, T. Tiecher","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210125","url":null,"abstract":": In an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), system fertilization exploits the nutrient cycling imposed by animal grazing and increases the system efficiency. An increasingly popular approach to fertilization in southern Brazil is anticipating P and K requirements for soybeans into the pasture phase. This can increase the use efficiency of these nutrients in ICLS based on meat production in winter and soybean in summer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilization strategy, grazing and soil acidity correction on herbage and animal production, soybean yield, P and K contents in soil and plant tissue, and P and K use and economic efficiency. In 2017, a field experiment was established on an Acrisol ( Argissolo Vermelho distrófico ) double-cropped with soybean and Italian ryegrass under no-tillage. Herbage and animal production, soybean yield, available P and K contents, and P and K plant tissue status were determined. Available P and K in the soil were unaffected by grazing and fertilization strategy. Conversely, system fertilization and liming increased the P and K contents of aboveground Italian ryegrass biomass. Additionally, the available K budget in the soil was 2.7 times smaller in the integrated system with system fertilization than in the specialized system with conventional fertilization, possibly due to K fixation in non-exchangeable forms. By contrast, the available P budget in the soil was not affected by treatments and was positive with all systems. The use of ICLS increased economic return, and P and K use efficiency for protein production. System fertilization did not affect soybean yield, but it increased the total herbage production of Italian ryegrass. Despite this, sheep live weight did not increase. Using ICLS in combination with system fertilization provides an effective nutrient management strategy with a higher potential for sustainable food production when compared with conventional fertilization.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69743144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210132
Yiseth Chamorro-Martínez, A. Torregroza-Espinosa, M. Pallares, Diana Pinto Osorio, Amaira Corrales Paternina, A. Echeverría-González
: Soil fauna is an essential component of the soil ecosystem for maintaining nutrient cycling and biological soil fertility. This study assessed the soil biodiversity (macrofauna, mesofauna, and microfauna) to define strategies for the sustainable management of tropical agricultural soils. The study was carried out in 200 agricultural production units in the Department of Sucre, in northern Colombia. Physicochemical properties (organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH) were determined for each soil sample. The Berlesse-Tullgren method was used to determine the composition of macrofauna and mesofauna, while the sown surface plate counting method was applied for microfauna. Community biodiversity was quantified with diversity indices, and Pearson correlation was carried out to determine the relationships between soil fauna and soil quality indicators. For the macrofauna, 1330 individuals were found, distributed in 22 orders and 65 families; the families Tenebrionidae, Formicidae, Staphylinidae, Scarabaeidae and Julide presented the highest abundance and distribution. Mesofauna presented 1,171 individuals, distributed in the classes Arachnida with seven families and Collembola with four families; the Scheloribatidae, Isotomidae and Galumnidae families presented the highest abundance and distribution. The indices of richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson dominance indicated that biodiversity was higher for macrofauna. Pearson’s correlation indicated significant correlations between soil mesofauna and soil organic matter (R 2 = 0.87; p≤0.05) and phosphorous (R 2 = 0.70; p≤0.05). The relationships between fauna and soil chemical properties indicate that soil biological diversity is sensitive to changes in the soil environment. This study revealed the importance of investigating the three components of soil fauna (macrofauna, mesofauna, and microfauna), since all three contribute to soil enrichment to grow nourished crops that allow plants to survive under climate change. Finally, this study may serve as a baseline to define strategies for sustainable management of tropical agricultural soils.
{"title":"Soil macrofauna, mesofauna and microfauna and their relationship with soil quality in agricultural areas in northern Colombia: ecological implications","authors":"Yiseth Chamorro-Martínez, A. Torregroza-Espinosa, M. Pallares, Diana Pinto Osorio, Amaira Corrales Paternina, A. Echeverría-González","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210132","url":null,"abstract":": Soil fauna is an essential component of the soil ecosystem for maintaining nutrient cycling and biological soil fertility. This study assessed the soil biodiversity (macrofauna, mesofauna, and microfauna) to define strategies for the sustainable management of tropical agricultural soils. The study was carried out in 200 agricultural production units in the Department of Sucre, in northern Colombia. Physicochemical properties (organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH) were determined for each soil sample. The Berlesse-Tullgren method was used to determine the composition of macrofauna and mesofauna, while the sown surface plate counting method was applied for microfauna. Community biodiversity was quantified with diversity indices, and Pearson correlation was carried out to determine the relationships between soil fauna and soil quality indicators. For the macrofauna, 1330 individuals were found, distributed in 22 orders and 65 families; the families Tenebrionidae, Formicidae, Staphylinidae, Scarabaeidae and Julide presented the highest abundance and distribution. Mesofauna presented 1,171 individuals, distributed in the classes Arachnida with seven families and Collembola with four families; the Scheloribatidae, Isotomidae and Galumnidae families presented the highest abundance and distribution. The indices of richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson dominance indicated that biodiversity was higher for macrofauna. Pearson’s correlation indicated significant correlations between soil mesofauna and soil organic matter (R 2 = 0.87; p≤0.05) and phosphorous (R 2 = 0.70; p≤0.05). The relationships between fauna and soil chemical properties indicate that soil biological diversity is sensitive to changes in the soil environment. This study revealed the importance of investigating the three components of soil fauna (macrofauna, mesofauna, and microfauna), since all three contribute to soil enrichment to grow nourished crops that allow plants to survive under climate change. Finally, this study may serve as a baseline to define strategies for sustainable management of tropical agricultural soils.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69743322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210147
G. Karahan, Y. Pachepsky
{"title":"Parameters of infiltration models affected by the infiltration measurement technique and land-use","authors":"G. Karahan, Y. Pachepsky","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69743859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220006
Jonez Fidalski, C. A. Tormena
: Sandy soils are characterized by low organic matter content and soil water retention and availability. Conventional tillage has been used for the implementation of orange orchards, but it exposes the soil to erosion and promotes accelerated oxidation of organic matter with negative impacts on the soil’s physical quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil physical quality of sandy soils influenced by two soil tillage practices for planting the orange trees in areas after long-time under pastures. Soil sampling was carried out in three experimental areas (one under Lixisol and two under Ferralsol) where the planting of orange trees had been carried out using two tillage practices: (i) conventional tillage in total area; and (ii) localized conventional tillage in a strip corresponding to the orange tree planting lines. A complete randomized design was used with two treatments (total or strip tillage) and four replications. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken in 2011 (8 to 18 years after the establishment of the treatments) from the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers in transects crossing: (i) under canopy projection below orange trees; (ii) under machine wheel tracks in the interrow of the orange trees; and (iii) under grass groundcover between the wheel tracks in the interrow of the orange trees. The following determinations were made for these samples: texture analysis, total organic carbon, soil bulk density, reference bulk density obtained with saturated soil subjected to a 200 kPa, soil resistance to penetration, soil water content, and water retention curves and the least limiting water range. The results suggest that total tillage for the implantation of orange orchards is unnecessary; however, after a long time of establishing orange orchards occurs soil physical quality discontinuity under wheel tracks compared to the other sampling positions. A positive correlation between organic carbon and soil physical quality was identified under the canopy of trees and grass groundcover in the interrow of the orange trees. For similar sand content, the higher soil organic carbon in the Ferralsol provided better physical quality than in Lixisol.
{"title":"Physical quality of sandy soils under orange orchards in Southern Brazil","authors":"Jonez Fidalski, C. A. Tormena","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220006","url":null,"abstract":": Sandy soils are characterized by low organic matter content and soil water retention and availability. Conventional tillage has been used for the implementation of orange orchards, but it exposes the soil to erosion and promotes accelerated oxidation of organic matter with negative impacts on the soil’s physical quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil physical quality of sandy soils influenced by two soil tillage practices for planting the orange trees in areas after long-time under pastures. Soil sampling was carried out in three experimental areas (one under Lixisol and two under Ferralsol) where the planting of orange trees had been carried out using two tillage practices: (i) conventional tillage in total area; and (ii) localized conventional tillage in a strip corresponding to the orange tree planting lines. A complete randomized design was used with two treatments (total or strip tillage) and four replications. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken in 2011 (8 to 18 years after the establishment of the treatments) from the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers in transects crossing: (i) under canopy projection below orange trees; (ii) under machine wheel tracks in the interrow of the orange trees; and (iii) under grass groundcover between the wheel tracks in the interrow of the orange trees. The following determinations were made for these samples: texture analysis, total organic carbon, soil bulk density, reference bulk density obtained with saturated soil subjected to a 200 kPa, soil resistance to penetration, soil water content, and water retention curves and the least limiting water range. The results suggest that total tillage for the implantation of orange orchards is unnecessary; however, after a long time of establishing orange orchards occurs soil physical quality discontinuity under wheel tracks compared to the other sampling positions. A positive correlation between organic carbon and soil physical quality was identified under the canopy of trees and grass groundcover in the interrow of the orange trees. For similar sand content, the higher soil organic carbon in the Ferralsol provided better physical quality than in Lixisol.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69744337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220079
Mariana Rigueira da Costa Pereira, F. A. Pedron, R. S. Dalmolin, R. Schenato, José Eduardo Dias Alves
{"title":"Identification of plinthite or saprolite residue in soils with high textural contrast in the southern Brazil","authors":"Mariana Rigueira da Costa Pereira, F. A. Pedron, R. S. Dalmolin, R. Schenato, José Eduardo Dias Alves","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69751729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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