{"title":"Evaluating visual feedback on the handwashing behavior of students with emotional and developmental disabilities.","authors":"Neil Deochand, H. Hughes, R. Fuqua","doi":"10.1037/BAR0000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/BAR0000154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212393,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131332911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aggression maintained by access to physical attention was examined using two preparations of a functional analysis, after which additional assessment was carried out to identify stimuli that competed with problem behavior. The participant, Ted, was a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with autism spectrum di
{"title":"Assessment and treatment of aggressive behavior maintained by access to physical attention.","authors":"Eli T. Newcomb, J. Wright, Jennifer G. Camblin","doi":"10.1037/BAR0000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/BAR0000136","url":null,"abstract":"Aggression maintained by access to physical attention was examined using two preparations of a functional analysis, after which additional assessment was carried out to identify stimuli that competed with problem behavior. The participant, Ted, was a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with autism spectrum di","PeriodicalId":212393,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124847970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Repetitive or stereotyped patterns of responding are a defining characteristic of autism. These repetitive patterns of responding often extend to leisure or free time during which an individual may engage in a limited range of activities, resulting in missed opportunities to contact other potential
{"title":"Increasing across-session variability of leisure activity selection for children with autism.","authors":"Jonathan W. Ivy, J. Payne, N. Neef","doi":"10.1037/BAR0000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/BAR0000132","url":null,"abstract":"Repetitive or stereotyped patterns of responding are a defining characteristic of autism. These repetitive patterns of responding often extend to leisure or free time during which an individual may engage in a limited range of activities, resulting in missed opportunities to contact other potential","PeriodicalId":212393,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116907684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael P. Kranak, Marnie Shapiro, Mary R. Sawyer, Neil Deochand, N. Neef
Graphing single-subject data is a crucial skill for behavior analysts. We used a multiple probe design across behaviors to evaluate the effects of behavioral skills training (BST) on three graduate students’ graphing skills. We found that BST is a suitable alternative to other techniques for trainin
{"title":"Using behavioral skills training to improve graduate students’ graphing skills.","authors":"Michael P. Kranak, Marnie Shapiro, Mary R. Sawyer, Neil Deochand, N. Neef","doi":"10.1037/BAR0000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/BAR0000131","url":null,"abstract":"Graphing single-subject data is a crucial skill for behavior analysts. We used a multiple probe design across behaviors to evaluate the effects of behavioral skills training (BST) on three graduate students’ graphing skills. We found that BST is a suitable alternative to other techniques for trainin","PeriodicalId":212393,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127033830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John B. Watson (1913) and B.F. Skinner (1956) both argued that humans, and human behavior, are part of the natural world on a continuum with other living species and their behaviors. Recognizing this continuum facilitates progress toward the scientific goal of behaviorism which both Watson (1913) an
{"title":"No dividing line, prediction and control, and widely applicable general principles: Comment on Guercio (2018).","authors":"S. Flora","doi":"10.1037/BAR0000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/BAR0000140","url":null,"abstract":"John B. Watson (1913) and B.F. Skinner (1956) both argued that humans, and human behavior, are part of the natural world on a continuum with other living species and their behaviors. Recognizing this continuum facilitates progress toward the scientific goal of behaviorism which both Watson (1913) an","PeriodicalId":212393,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127812494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren M. LeJeune, Joseph M. Lambert, C. Lemons, Rachel E. Mottern, Barbara T. Wisniewski
We trained a public school teacher to conduct a trial-based functional analysis (FA) in her self-contained classroom during school hours with other children present. Using FA data as baseline, we validated our intervention by tracking changes in response latencies from the onset of relevant establis
{"title":"Teacher-conducted trial-based functional analysis and treatment of multiply controlled challenging behavior.","authors":"Lauren M. LeJeune, Joseph M. Lambert, C. Lemons, Rachel E. Mottern, Barbara T. Wisniewski","doi":"10.1037/BAR0000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/BAR0000128","url":null,"abstract":"We trained a public school teacher to conduct a trial-based functional analysis (FA) in her self-contained classroom during school hours with other children present. Using FA data as baseline, we validated our intervention by tracking changes in response latencies from the onset of relevant establis","PeriodicalId":212393,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126746885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rats responded under a procedure in which relatively short lever-press durations produced 1 food pellet and longer presses produced 4 food pellets. Because duration is a continuous dimension of behavior, it was possible to arrange conditions in which a smaller reinforcer was available up until the m
{"title":"Free-operant discounting: Initial results from an adjusting-duration procedure.","authors":"S. Peck, T. Byrne","doi":"10.1037/BAR0000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/BAR0000146","url":null,"abstract":"Rats responded under a procedure in which relatively short lever-press durations produced 1 food pellet and longer presses produced 4 food pellets. Because duration is a continuous dimension of behavior, it was possible to arrange conditions in which a smaller reinforcer was available up until the m","PeriodicalId":212393,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126135487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. McKerchar, Brent A. Kaplan, Derek D. Reed, Scott A. Suggs, C. Franck
Much human choice and decision-making research has employed a discounting framework to help aid our understanding of how time, uncertainty, and other factors influence an outcome’s value. Most of this research, however, is limited to the study of monetary outcomes. The purpose of the present study w
{"title":"Discounting environmental outcomes: Temporal and probabilistic air-quality gains and losses.","authors":"T. McKerchar, Brent A. Kaplan, Derek D. Reed, Scott A. Suggs, C. Franck","doi":"10.1037/BAR0000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/BAR0000138","url":null,"abstract":"Much human choice and decision-making research has employed a discounting framework to help aid our understanding of how time, uncertainty, and other factors influence an outcome’s value. Most of this research, however, is limited to the study of monetary outcomes. The purpose of the present study w","PeriodicalId":212393,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123125691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lindsey E. Knott, Chad T. Wetterneck, W. Norwood, S. Bistricky
The proposed mechanism of action in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is therapist-contingent responses to client in-session behavior that parallels out-of-session problematic behavior. In theory, these responses shape adaptive behaviors that generalize into the client’s daily life (Tsai et al., 2009). Therefore, the therapist’s response repertoire must be ripe with interpersonally effective responses to model and shape client behavior. Thus, trainings in FAP were designed not only to equip therapists with a skillset in implementing the fundamentals of shaping but also to serve several other functions, including facilitating the development of an effective interpersonal repertoire to promote shaping. Kanter, Tsai, Holman, and Koerner (2013) demonstrated that 8-week FAP trainings may increase knowledge of FAP principles as measured through self-report and analogue tasks; however, no research examines reported changes in therapists’ interpersonal behavior in or out of session. We believe that an 8-week FAP training will increase therapist use of effective interpersonal behavior (tCRB2) and decrease therapist maladaptive behavior (tCRB1). Four newly graduated and graduate-level therapists attended an 8-week FAP training. Using an AB single-subject design, we examined the frequency of targeted interpersonal behavior. Results indicated that FAP trainings may have an impact on therapists’ daily life behaviors as demonstrated through changes in weekly frequency counts. Although the design includes significant limitations (see Discussion), these data provide some support for the utility of 1 theorized function of FAP trainings.
在功能分析心理治疗(FAP)中提出的作用机制是治疗师对来访者在治疗过程中的行为的偶然反应，这种行为与治疗过程外的问题行为相似。从理论上讲，这些反应塑造了适应行为，并将其推广到客户的日常生活中(Tsai et al.， 2009)。因此，治疗师的反应库必须具有成熟的人际有效反应，以模拟和塑造来访者的行为。因此，FAP培训的目的不仅是让治疗师掌握实施塑造基础的技能，而且还具有其他一些功能，包括促进有效的人际交往技能的发展，以促进塑造。Kanter, Tsai, Holman, and Koerner(2013)通过自我报告和模拟任务证明，8周的FAP培训可以增加FAP原理的知识;然而，目前还没有研究对治疗前后治疗师人际行为的变化进行调查。我们认为，为期8周的FAP培训将增加治疗师对有效人际行为(tCRB2)的使用，减少治疗师的适应不良行为(tCRB1)。4名刚毕业和研究生水平的治疗师参加了为期8周的FAP培训。使用AB单受试者设计，我们检查了目标人际行为的频率。结果表明，FAP训练可能对治疗师的日常生活行为产生影响，这可以通过每周频率计数的变化来证明。尽管设计包含显著的局限性(见讨论)，但这些数据为FAP训练的一个理论化函数的效用提供了一些支持。
{"title":"The Impact of Training in Functional Analytic Therapy on Therapists’ Target Behavior","authors":"Lindsey E. Knott, Chad T. Wetterneck, W. Norwood, S. Bistricky","doi":"10.1037/bar0000097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000097","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed mechanism of action in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is therapist-contingent responses to client in-session behavior that parallels out-of-session problematic behavior. In theory, these responses shape adaptive behaviors that generalize into the client’s daily life (Tsai et al., 2009). Therefore, the therapist’s response repertoire must be ripe with interpersonally effective responses to model and shape client behavior. Thus, trainings in FAP were designed not only to equip therapists with a skillset in implementing the fundamentals of shaping but also to serve several other functions, including facilitating the development of an effective interpersonal repertoire to promote shaping. Kanter, Tsai, Holman, and Koerner (2013) demonstrated that 8-week FAP trainings may increase knowledge of FAP principles as measured through self-report and analogue tasks; however, no research examines reported changes in therapists’ interpersonal behavior in or out of session. We believe that an 8-week FAP training will increase therapist use of effective interpersonal behavior (tCRB2) and decrease therapist maladaptive behavior (tCRB1). Four newly graduated and graduate-level therapists attended an 8-week FAP training. Using an AB single-subject design, we examined the frequency of targeted interpersonal behavior. Results indicated that FAP trainings may have an impact on therapists’ daily life behaviors as demonstrated through changes in weekly frequency counts. Although the design includes significant limitations (see Discussion), these data provide some support for the utility of 1 theorized function of FAP trainings.","PeriodicalId":212393,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice","volume":"33 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125042977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clarissa W. Ong, K. Graves, Meredith S. Berry, A. Odum, M. Twohig
Delay discounting is a theoretical framework for assessing impulsivity characterized by a tendency to choose SSRs over LLRs. Despite the potential therapeutic value of targeting impulsive choice in the context of obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms, little research has been done to examine the link between the 2. In the present study, we examined the role of impulsivity in OC symptoms using a monetary and novel hand-washing delay-discounting task. Participants completed both delay-discounting procedures, as well as the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory—Revised (OCI-R; Foa et al.,2002). Participants who showed steeper delay discounting in the monetary discounting task also tended to discount steeply in the washing task. In addition, participants showed significantly more delay discounting in the washing than in the monetary task, suggesting contextual control over impulsive behavior. Further, participants with washing compulsions demonstrated greater delay discounting on the washing task than those without washing compulsions. Higher scores on the Washing subscale of the OCI-R uniquely predicted delay discounting in the washing task at a level of marginal significance. Our findings suggest that impulsivity may be implicated in OC symptoms, and indicate the need for a more precise conceptualization of the relationship between impulsivity and compulsivity.
延迟折现是评估冲动性的理论框架，其特征是倾向于选择ssr而不是llr。尽管在强迫症(OC)症状的背景下，针对冲动选择具有潜在的治疗价值，但很少有研究来检验两者之间的联系。在本研究中，我们使用货币和新颖的洗手延迟折扣任务来检验冲动性在OC症状中的作用。参与者完成了延迟折扣程序，以及强迫性清单修订(OCI-R;Foa et al.，2002)。在货币贴现任务中表现出较大延迟贴现的参与者在洗涤任务中也倾向于表现出较大延迟贴现。此外，参与者在洗衣任务中比在货币任务中表现出更多的延迟折扣，这表明情境控制着冲动行为。此外，有洗涤强迫症的参与者比没有洗涤强迫症的参与者在洗涤任务上表现出更大的延迟折扣。在OCI-R的洗涤子量表上得分越高，在边际显著水平上唯一地预测洗涤任务中的延迟折扣。我们的研究结果表明，冲动可能与强迫症症状有关，并表明需要对冲动和强迫之间的关系进行更精确的概念化。
{"title":"Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms Are Associated With Increased Delay Discounting in a Novel Hand-Washing Task","authors":"Clarissa W. Ong, K. Graves, Meredith S. Berry, A. Odum, M. Twohig","doi":"10.1037/bar0000096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000096","url":null,"abstract":"Delay discounting is a theoretical framework for assessing impulsivity characterized by a tendency to choose SSRs over LLRs. Despite the potential therapeutic value of targeting impulsive choice in the context of obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms, little research has been done to examine the link between the 2. In the present study, we examined the role of impulsivity in OC symptoms using a monetary and novel hand-washing delay-discounting task. Participants completed both delay-discounting procedures, as well as the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory—Revised (OCI-R; Foa et al.,2002). Participants who showed steeper delay discounting in the monetary discounting task also tended to discount steeply in the washing task. In addition, participants showed significantly more delay discounting in the washing than in the monetary task, suggesting contextual control over impulsive behavior. Further, participants with washing compulsions demonstrated greater delay discounting on the washing task than those without washing compulsions. Higher scores on the Washing subscale of the OCI-R uniquely predicted delay discounting in the washing task at a level of marginal significance. Our findings suggest that impulsivity may be implicated in OC symptoms, and indicate the need for a more precise conceptualization of the relationship between impulsivity and compulsivity.","PeriodicalId":212393,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124070945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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