Revista de igiena, bacteriologie, virusologie, parazitologie, epidemiologie, pneumoftiziologie. Bacteriologia, virusologia, parazitologia, epidemiologia最新文献

Among the strains of Escherichia coli involved in the etiology of the diarrheal syndrome, several etiopathogenic entities were described. Of them, the strains of enteroadherent E. coli (EAEC) were isolated from about 25% of the patients suffering from an acute diarrheal disease, in which no other etiologies could be established. The present paper synthesizes data from the literature on: the importance of EAEC in the etiology of the acute diarrheal disease; the biotype-serotype-pathogenicity interrelationship; "pathogenicity mechanisms" in EAEC; methods of identifying the EAEC strains.

150 sera (positive at the VDRL, ELISA-Reiter, FTA-ABS tests) were tested by IDRS for the IgD quantification in syphilis. They were collected from men, 25-45 years old, in different stages of the disease, treated or not. The reference normal values for the seric IgD were established on 154 sera taken from men, 25-45 years old, apparently healthy: 0-131.2 UI/ml, with an average of 29.92 +/- 29.61 UI/ml. The IgD values with cardiolipin or group treponemal specificity were obtained from the difference between the values of the immunodiffusion diameters produced by sera, before and after the complete absorbtion with VDRL antigen or delipidated treponemal suspension. The individual values for each serum, mean +/- SD, and the percent values against the total IgD, for each stage of the disease were calculated. The medium levels of the total IgD range within normal limits, except for epsilon 2, where they are considerably higher than normal (52.53 +/- 26.66 UI/ml). All the individual minimal values, between 7.09 and 14.89 UI/ml, are higher than the normal minimal values, under 3.54 UI/ml. Treponemal IgD are present in all the sera in all stages of the disease and the cardiolipin IgD are completely absent. The mean values of the treponemal IgD are about 7-9 UI/ml, with a maximum of 19.3 UI/ml in epsilon 2. A higher percent of treponemal IgD is found, around 30%, with a maximum of 36.7% in epsilon 2. The high percent of the treponemal IgD in epsilon latent and epsilon treated persistent positive shows a continuous activation of the circulating B lymphocytes by the treponemal antigens and therefore an active infectious process. The exclusive presence of the treponemal IgD in all the cases of syphilis, irrespective of the evolution stages, indicated the extremely specific diagnosis value of their detection.

93 cultures of Salmonella typhimurium (STm) were isolated from the infants (under one year old) admitted into a pediatrics ward. All the cultures had only flagellation antigens in phase I, a common sensitivity spectrum to antibiotics and the same sensitivity to the sets of bacteriophages for typing of this serotype. Of these, 10 strains were negative H2S and 6 immobile. Using as carrier a strain of E. coli, K12Nxr, an experimental transfer of multiple resistance to the antibiotics obtained from strains of Salmonella, agona serotype (with special resistance markers) to STm strains was made. The transfer was equally possible to monophasic and diphasic strains of STm. In the transfer to the diphasic strains, the modification of the phage type was noticed. The results suggest the possibility of the in vivo transfer of R plasmids from the agona serum to the typhimurium serum of Salmonella.

The determination of the activity of the product nitrofurantoin (10 and 100 mcg) versus 324 strains of Gram-negative bacteria showed that the diameter of the inhibition zones and the MIC values on a medium with a definite composition (7SG) are considerably larger than on the Mueller-Hinton (MH) medium, in the bacto-tryptose (BT) medium. An increase with 8-12 mm phi or with 2-4 binary dilutions changes the interpretation from resistant, on the MH and BT media into sensitive on the 7SG medium. The low results recorded on the conventional media reveal the existence of an antagonism between peptone and nitrofurantoin, similar to that known for sulfamides. The authors believe that the peptone antagonism has hindered the knowledge of the activity of the nitrofurfural derivatives and the correct assessment of the bacteria sensitivity. They also consider questionable the elimination tendency of the small dosage of microtablets of nitrofurantoin (10 mcg) and sulfamide (30 mcg), since their apparent insufficiency might be due less to the inadequate contraction of substances and more to the inadequate testing media. The results plead for the use of the media with definite chemical composition sulfamide and nitrofuran antagonists free and for reconsideration of several methodologic problems: use of the media with definite chemical composition; introduction of an intermediary dosage of maximum 100 mcg/microtablet; reassessment of the sensitivity categories for sulphafurazole and nitrofurantoin.

The cost-profit analysis (CPA) of the anti-measles (AM) vaccination, 10 years after its introduction in the anti-epidemic strategy, shows that in the district 3 of Bucharest, the prevention, by vaccination, of more than 17,000 cases of getting ill was associated with a net profit of 11 X 10(6) lei, and a profit/cost ratio (PCr) of 6/1. These figures evidence the economic value of the AM vaccination and stimulate the further development of the programme for the control of measles by vaccination.

The authors of the present paper consider that 82.3% of all cases of viral hepatitis in a Bucharest district were transmitted nonparenterally and only 17.7% were transmitted parenterally. They used the information on the way and mode of transmission, recorded in the epidemiologic investigations, of the cases of viral hepatitis without HBsAg in 1987 and of those with HBsAg in 1983-1987, respectively. The highest values of the risk of catching the disease were calculated for the infective social contact in family, in the viral hepatitis with HBsAg (60.9%), and for the infective social contact in collectivities (46.4%) in the viral hepatitis without HBsAg. These data have to be checked up by prospective epidemiologic studies, randomized and controlled.

After a short history and definition of the heterophile antibodies (antibodies in the IgM class, reacting to the antigenic determinants common to several species of animals) the paper reports on the antigens generating heterophile antibodies: the Forssman antigen, the Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen, the Paul-Brunnell antigen, respectively. Data are presented on the structure of these antigens and the important in diagnosing the heterophile antibodies in a series of diseases: malignant tumours, lymphomas, leukemias, infections mononucleosis, rheumatoid polyarthritis, Kawasaki's disease, Marek's disease.