Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970450
L. Krysiński, J. Sudyka
The paper discusses the diagnostic abilities of the 3D imaging GPR technique on a practical level, applied to data collected by frequency-domain equipment in reflection configuration and visualized using the method of horizontal slices. This method is particularly efficient in the detection of reinforcement and large infrastructural objects of linear shape. It is especially interesting that the method also allows for the detection of joints and cracks, which are characterized by very weak GPR response. In this case several questions appear as to the nature of response generation and the features of the medium structure which are represented in the scattered signal. The scanned pavement has several layers of different ages and construction styles, and the GPR record illustrates large efficiency of this technique in diagnostics of the joint networks hidden below the asphalt overlay. The example proves reliability of the weak response corresponding to the top of the joints. Some problems related to chronology of responses corresponding to different depth of the medium were discussed. A specific asymmetric response corresponding to two horizontally layered constructions contacting along vertical plane was noted and described as well.
{"title":"Efficiency of 3D imaging in GPR diagnostics of joints and vertical construction contacts","authors":"L. Krysiński, J. Sudyka","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970450","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the diagnostic abilities of the 3D imaging GPR technique on a practical level, applied to data collected by frequency-domain equipment in reflection configuration and visualized using the method of horizontal slices. This method is particularly efficient in the detection of reinforcement and large infrastructural objects of linear shape. It is especially interesting that the method also allows for the detection of joints and cracks, which are characterized by very weak GPR response. In this case several questions appear as to the nature of response generation and the features of the medium structure which are represented in the scattered signal. The scanned pavement has several layers of different ages and construction styles, and the GPR record illustrates large efficiency of this technique in diagnostics of the joint networks hidden below the asphalt overlay. The example proves reliability of the weak response corresponding to the top of the joints. Some problems related to chronology of responses corresponding to different depth of the medium were discussed. A specific asymmetric response corresponding to two horizontally layered constructions contacting along vertical plane was noted and described as well.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":"634 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131689670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970411
S. Arcone, S. Grant, G. Boitnott
We discuss complex permittivity spectra of two lossy soils measured from 6 kHz to 6 GHz using time domain reflectometry, in which Maxwell-Wagner relaxation (MWR) is present but also unwanted electrode polarization EP, mainly below 1 MHz, is strong. The soils are mostly quartz, with one having lesser calcite and the other lesser gypsum. Volumetric water contents ranged from 8.5-30.9%. We use a simple model that adds an EP diffusion term to Debye-type terms for the MWR and free water relaxation centered near 19 GHz, and which allows us to separate the EP from the MWR. All samples show MWRs centered from 1-196 MHz, regardless of water content, and with small to significant Cole-Cole factors. The increasing water content diminishes the effect of MWR, likely by decreasing the conductive and dielectric contrasts between isolated inclusions and the soil matrix, but still can strongly contribute to attenuation rate across the 100-1000 MHz GPR bandwidth.
{"title":"Broadband TDR permittivity spectra of lossy soils at medium to high water contents: Separation of electrode polarization from Maxwell-Wagner relaxation by modeling","authors":"S. Arcone, S. Grant, G. Boitnott","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970411","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss complex permittivity spectra of two lossy soils measured from 6 kHz to 6 GHz using time domain reflectometry, in which Maxwell-Wagner relaxation (MWR) is present but also unwanted electrode polarization EP, mainly below 1 MHz, is strong. The soils are mostly quartz, with one having lesser calcite and the other lesser gypsum. Volumetric water contents ranged from 8.5-30.9%. We use a simple model that adds an EP diffusion term to Debye-type terms for the MWR and free water relaxation centered near 19 GHz, and which allows us to separate the EP from the MWR. All samples show MWRs centered from 1-196 MHz, regardless of water content, and with small to significant Cole-Cole factors. The increasing water content diminishes the effect of MWR, likely by decreasing the conductive and dielectric contrasts between isolated inclusions and the soil matrix, but still can strongly contribute to attenuation rate across the 100-1000 MHz GPR bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133752309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970397
Carolyn Woodley, S. Taylor, Sue K. Marshall, Sean Fagan
This paper reports on the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in locating and delineating sites of Aboriginal cultural heritage on Wadawurrung Country in the southern Australian state of Victoria. Current use of GPR in Victoria's Aboriginal communities is limited. Communities in Victoria who have used GPR are often dependent upon non-Indigenous specialists to operate equipment and interpret data. This reliance on non-Indigenous specialists is not appropriate for both cultural and economic reasons. The pilot program discussed worked with Traditional Owners to gauge the value of GPR in identifying and confirming cultural heritage sites. The pilot project investigated the value of GPR to identify subsurface cultural sites of significance in two different regions of Wadawurrung Country. For both sites (a burial site and a stone arrangement), GPR data respectively represented anomalies requiring further investigation and distinct reflections of material change. Data indicated sites of cultural significance to Aboriginal communities. The paper also reports on how a community-based project approach to working with GPR provides a culturally appropriate curriculum for people wanting to reengage with formal education, a culturally appropriate way to undertake sensitive heritage work and an economically sustainable way of ensuring that Aboriginal communities have access to GPR equipment.
{"title":"GPR, aboriginal cultural heritage and community capacity strengthening","authors":"Carolyn Woodley, S. Taylor, Sue K. Marshall, Sean Fagan","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970397","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in locating and delineating sites of Aboriginal cultural heritage on Wadawurrung Country in the southern Australian state of Victoria. Current use of GPR in Victoria's Aboriginal communities is limited. Communities in Victoria who have used GPR are often dependent upon non-Indigenous specialists to operate equipment and interpret data. This reliance on non-Indigenous specialists is not appropriate for both cultural and economic reasons. The pilot program discussed worked with Traditional Owners to gauge the value of GPR in identifying and confirming cultural heritage sites. The pilot project investigated the value of GPR to identify subsurface cultural sites of significance in two different regions of Wadawurrung Country. For both sites (a burial site and a stone arrangement), GPR data respectively represented anomalies requiring further investigation and distinct reflections of material change. Data indicated sites of cultural significance to Aboriginal communities. The paper also reports on how a community-based project approach to working with GPR provides a culturally appropriate curriculum for people wanting to reengage with formal education, a culturally appropriate way to undertake sensitive heritage work and an economically sustainable way of ensuring that Aboriginal communities have access to GPR equipment.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132847595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970389
R. Persico, G. Gennarelli, F. Soldovieri
In this paper we deal with a data processing algorithm applied to data gathered along a circular surface based on a scalar 2D linear inverse scattering approach. This problem is of interest with regard to prospecting of historical or modern columns, in particular with the aim to detect internal fractures or metallic hinges. The GPR prospecting on a circular surface presents both theoretical and practical extra-difficulties if compared to the homologous operation performed on a planar surface.
{"title":"GPR prospecting on circular surfaces: preliminary results","authors":"R. Persico, G. Gennarelli, F. Soldovieri","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970389","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we deal with a data processing algorithm applied to data gathered along a circular surface based on a scalar 2D linear inverse scattering approach. This problem is of interest with regard to prospecting of historical or modern columns, in particular with the aim to detect internal fractures or metallic hinges. The GPR prospecting on a circular surface presents both theoretical and practical extra-difficulties if compared to the homologous operation performed on a planar surface.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122262368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970470
E. R. Almeida, J. Porsani, I. Catapano, G. Gennarelli, F. Soldovieri
GPR has been used worldwide to help the police enforcement to search for missing bodies. In this paper, microwave tomography is considered as an advanced data processing technique in order to enhance the visualization and thus improve the interpretation of GPR images for forensic purposes. In particular, we discuss on an experiment that was carried out by using a pig to simulate a human body buried in a tropical environment. A system equipped with 270 MHz and 900 MHz antennas was used to survey the area. The microwave tomography approach applied to the 270 MHz data allowed to get a good identification of the edges of the target, as well as to determine its position in the area of the experiment. The tomographic reconstruction of 900 MHz data allowed a better visualization of the grave itself.
{"title":"GPR data analysis enhanced by microwave tomography for forensic archaeology","authors":"E. R. Almeida, J. Porsani, I. Catapano, G. Gennarelli, F. Soldovieri","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970470","url":null,"abstract":"GPR has been used worldwide to help the police enforcement to search for missing bodies. In this paper, microwave tomography is considered as an advanced data processing technique in order to enhance the visualization and thus improve the interpretation of GPR images for forensic purposes. In particular, we discuss on an experiment that was carried out by using a pig to simulate a human body buried in a tropical environment. A system equipped with 270 MHz and 900 MHz antennas was used to survey the area. The microwave tomography approach applied to the 270 MHz data allowed to get a good identification of the edges of the target, as well as to determine its position in the area of the experiment. The tomographic reconstruction of 900 MHz data allowed a better visualization of the grave itself.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117307709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970480
N. Diamanti, A. P. Annan, J. Redman
Detecting subsurface media interfaces is a common practice for most geophysical methods and more specifically ground penetrating radar (GPR). In the majority of GPR applications, the boundaries of these interfaces are assumed to be sharp. Quite often interfaces are gradational and are difficult to detect and consequently map. Previous work has mainly focused on more simplistic one-dimensional modelling. In this paper, we employ three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical modelling to address this problem. We examine the impact of a gradational zone in electrical properties (conductivity and/or relative permittivity) between underlying layers on GPR signals. The thickness of this transition zone and the GPR operating frequency have a significant impact on the GPR reflected wavelet amplitude and character.
{"title":"Impact of gradational electrical properties on GPR detection of interfaces","authors":"N. Diamanti, A. P. Annan, J. Redman","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970480","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting subsurface media interfaces is a common practice for most geophysical methods and more specifically ground penetrating radar (GPR). In the majority of GPR applications, the boundaries of these interfaces are assumed to be sharp. Quite often interfaces are gradational and are difficult to detect and consequently map. Previous work has mainly focused on more simplistic one-dimensional modelling. In this paper, we employ three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical modelling to address this problem. We examine the impact of a gradational zone in electrical properties (conductivity and/or relative permittivity) between underlying layers on GPR signals. The thickness of this transition zone and the GPR operating frequency have a significant impact on the GPR reflected wavelet amplitude and character.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115007006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970541
K. Wada, S. Karasawa, K. Kawata, S. Ebihara
This paper describes a new directional borehole radar system and its field testing. The system uses a thin radar probe (57 mm diameter) and a circular dipole array directive antenna. The radar is of the step frequency type with a network analyzer. Through careful antenna design, we were able to achieve the compact radar probe and precise measurement at frequencies between 5 and 500 MHz. All the associated surface electronics for the radar system can be fit into a small carrying case. The radar probe includes a triaxial accelerometer, a triaxial compass, an angular velocity sensor and a thermometer. Data from these sensors can be used to compensate for the rotation and inclination of the radar probe, and this enables us to locate reflection points in 3-D space correctly. All the data acquired by the radar probe were sent to the processing electronics via an optical link, and the data was updated in real time. Our field testing confirmed that system accuracy for determining arrival directions was better than 10 degrees between 30 and 180 MHz in wet soil. We demonstrated 3-D location of a buried cylindrical conducting object, which was set 2 m from the radar in wet soil. After system calibration and signal processing, we were able to estimate the reflection point position with an accuracy of 41 cm.
{"title":"Small-diameter directional borehole radar system with 3D sensing capability","authors":"K. Wada, S. Karasawa, K. Kawata, S. Ebihara","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970541","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new directional borehole radar system and its field testing. The system uses a thin radar probe (57 mm diameter) and a circular dipole array directive antenna. The radar is of the step frequency type with a network analyzer. Through careful antenna design, we were able to achieve the compact radar probe and precise measurement at frequencies between 5 and 500 MHz. All the associated surface electronics for the radar system can be fit into a small carrying case. The radar probe includes a triaxial accelerometer, a triaxial compass, an angular velocity sensor and a thermometer. Data from these sensors can be used to compensate for the rotation and inclination of the radar probe, and this enables us to locate reflection points in 3-D space correctly. All the data acquired by the radar probe were sent to the processing electronics via an optical link, and the data was updated in real time. Our field testing confirmed that system accuracy for determining arrival directions was better than 10 degrees between 30 and 180 MHz in wet soil. We demonstrated 3-D location of a buried cylindrical conducting object, which was set 2 m from the radar in wet soil. After system calibration and signal processing, we were able to estimate the reflection point position with an accuracy of 41 cm.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115409919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970507
A. Popov, I. Prokopovich, V. Kopeikin, D. Edemskij
The capabilities of subsurface microwave holography are limited by mutually contradicting factors, such as penetration depth, surface reflection, and spatial resolution. As a result of the trade-off, the wavelength at the operating frequency is comparable to the typical target sizes and is not small compared with the antenna array dimensions and probing range. In order to comprehend microwave image formation by a planar holographic antenna array we apply Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory uniformly treating target illumination, incident wave scattering, holographic data acquisition, and object reconstruction by means of numerical wave front conversion. Within the framework of narrow-angle diffraction model we derive an integral operator directly transforming the planar test object into its diffraction-limited image. The action of this operator is readily revealed by applying Fourier transform with respect to the transversal coordinates: it cuts from the target spatial spectrum a rectangular segment centered according to the illumination angle. The theory shows that for a successful object reconstruction the acquired rectangle must cover the significant part of the target spatial spectrum. If the antenna aperture is too small to meet this condition, synthetic aperture approach can be successfully used. Such a multiview-multistatic measurement scheme realized by moving the radiator around the fixed receiver antenna array may considerably improve the radar imaging performance - cf. [1]. This conclusion was confirmed by numerical simulation and physical experiment.
{"title":"Spectral theory of microwave holographic image formation","authors":"A. Popov, I. Prokopovich, V. Kopeikin, D. Edemskij","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970507","url":null,"abstract":"The capabilities of subsurface microwave holography are limited by mutually contradicting factors, such as penetration depth, surface reflection, and spatial resolution. As a result of the trade-off, the wavelength at the operating frequency is comparable to the typical target sizes and is not small compared with the antenna array dimensions and probing range. In order to comprehend microwave image formation by a planar holographic antenna array we apply Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory uniformly treating target illumination, incident wave scattering, holographic data acquisition, and object reconstruction by means of numerical wave front conversion. Within the framework of narrow-angle diffraction model we derive an integral operator directly transforming the planar test object into its diffraction-limited image. The action of this operator is readily revealed by applying Fourier transform with respect to the transversal coordinates: it cuts from the target spatial spectrum a rectangular segment centered according to the illumination angle. The theory shows that for a successful object reconstruction the acquired rectangle must cover the significant part of the target spatial spectrum. If the antenna aperture is too small to meet this condition, synthetic aperture approach can be successfully used. Such a multiview-multistatic measurement scheme realized by moving the radiator around the fixed receiver antenna array may considerably improve the radar imaging performance - cf. [1]. This conclusion was confirmed by numerical simulation and physical experiment.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115030026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970433
L. Fedorova, K. Sokolov, D. Savvin, G. Kulyandin
The possibility of using the variance amplitude of GPR signal has been considered for investigating the structural features of the geological environments of permafrost. The variance values of the investigated GPR data of the properties and the state of soil areas of alluvial gold and diamonds in Yakutia province in Siberia have been calculated. It is established that the increase of the variance amplitudes of signals is characterized by the appearance of new reflection boundaries and the presence of geostructural rock mass heterogeneity. This is due to an increase in soil moisture and violation of the rock mass. Analysis of the features of the change the variance amplitudes of signals in the rock section allows us to define the type of geological heterogeneity and permittivity of rock. The proposed method of statistical analysis of GPR data simplifies the interpretation and allows us to automate the search for irregularities of the physical properties of rocks using specially developed software.
{"title":"Analysis of variance amplitudes of signals for detecting structural permafrost heterogeneities by ground penetrating radar","authors":"L. Fedorova, K. Sokolov, D. Savvin, G. Kulyandin","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970433","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of using the variance amplitude of GPR signal has been considered for investigating the structural features of the geological environments of permafrost. The variance values of the investigated GPR data of the properties and the state of soil areas of alluvial gold and diamonds in Yakutia province in Siberia have been calculated. It is established that the increase of the variance amplitudes of signals is characterized by the appearance of new reflection boundaries and the presence of geostructural rock mass heterogeneity. This is due to an increase in soil moisture and violation of the rock mass. Analysis of the features of the change the variance amplitudes of signals in the rock section allows us to define the type of geological heterogeneity and permittivity of rock. The proposed method of statistical analysis of GPR data simplifies the interpretation and allows us to automate the search for irregularities of the physical properties of rocks using specially developed software.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123914496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970498
Motoyuki Sato, Kazunori Takahashi, Li Yi
This paper focuses on 3-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction by ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. Conventionally, we acquired a GPR gridded dataset with a fine interval, which satisfies the Nyquist spatial sampling criterion for an antenna. However, it takes long time for data acquisition. In this study, we tried two different approaches to reconstruct the image with sparse data that violated the Nyquist spatial sampling criterion: A non-gridded 3D migration method and a new interpolation method based on Projection onto convex sets (POCS) and frequency-wave number (f-k) filtering. Both methods are demonstrated with sand pit experiment datasets and a field experiment data that is acquired by our 3DGPR system. The results shows that both the non-gridded 3D migration method and the interpolation method can reconstruct the main target (a metal pipe at 0.8 m depth) well with the average spatial interval that equals to half wave length. But the non-gridded migration results (especially in shallow depth) suffer from the migration artifacts. The migrated result after interpolation is also demonstrated, and the migration artifacts can be reduced. These results indicate that it is possible to reduce the data density.
{"title":"Optimization of data sampling and image reconstruction by GPR","authors":"Motoyuki Sato, Kazunori Takahashi, Li Yi","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970498","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on 3-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction by ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. Conventionally, we acquired a GPR gridded dataset with a fine interval, which satisfies the Nyquist spatial sampling criterion for an antenna. However, it takes long time for data acquisition. In this study, we tried two different approaches to reconstruct the image with sparse data that violated the Nyquist spatial sampling criterion: A non-gridded 3D migration method and a new interpolation method based on Projection onto convex sets (POCS) and frequency-wave number (f-k) filtering. Both methods are demonstrated with sand pit experiment datasets and a field experiment data that is acquired by our 3DGPR system. The results shows that both the non-gridded 3D migration method and the interpolation method can reconstruct the main target (a metal pipe at 0.8 m depth) well with the average spatial interval that equals to half wave length. But the non-gridded migration results (especially in shallow depth) suffer from the migration artifacts. The migrated result after interpolation is also demonstrated, and the migration artifacts can be reduced. These results indicate that it is possible to reduce the data density.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124649818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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