Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970446
F. Di Paolo, B. Cosciotti, S. Lauro, E. Mattei, E. Pettinelli, G. Vannaroni
The icy satellites of Jupiter are known to host a water ocean beneath an ice shell. The ice penetrating Radar for Icy Moon Exploration (RIME) housed on board the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission is expected to probe the crust of Europa, Ganymede and Callisto up to a depth of 9 km. The main objectives of RIME are the detection of the relic Brittle-Ductile Transition in the ice shell of Ganymede and Callisto, and the identification of melt materials on Europa. The penetration of the radar signal is strictly connected to the electromagnetic properties of the ice, that in turn depends on the presence of contaminants and temperature profile inside the crust. Laboratory measurements carried out in the temperature range of (100-273)K provided the dielectric properties of pure, salty and dusty ices, whereas temperature profiles are obtained taking into account the heat conduction and thermal convection models for the Galilean satellites. The combination of electromagnetic and thermal properties of the icy crusts allowed us to generate simulated radar data at the operation frequency of RIME (9 MHz). Such simulations are important to determine the radar performance, estimating the signal penetration and the capability to resolve buried layers.
{"title":"Thermal and electromagnetic models for radar sounding of the galilean satellite icy crusts","authors":"F. Di Paolo, B. Cosciotti, S. Lauro, E. Mattei, E. Pettinelli, G. Vannaroni","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970446","url":null,"abstract":"The icy satellites of Jupiter are known to host a water ocean beneath an ice shell. The ice penetrating Radar for Icy Moon Exploration (RIME) housed on board the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission is expected to probe the crust of Europa, Ganymede and Callisto up to a depth of 9 km. The main objectives of RIME are the detection of the relic Brittle-Ductile Transition in the ice shell of Ganymede and Callisto, and the identification of melt materials on Europa. The penetration of the radar signal is strictly connected to the electromagnetic properties of the ice, that in turn depends on the presence of contaminants and temperature profile inside the crust. Laboratory measurements carried out in the temperature range of (100-273)K provided the dielectric properties of pure, salty and dusty ices, whereas temperature profiles are obtained taking into account the heat conduction and thermal convection models for the Galilean satellites. The combination of electromagnetic and thermal properties of the icy crusts allowed us to generate simulated radar data at the operation frequency of RIME (9 MHz). Such simulations are important to determine the radar performance, estimating the signal penetration and the capability to resolve buried layers.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131284266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970513
Q. Lu, Cai Liu, Xuan Feng
In GPR data processing, it is an important task to find the reflections obscured by the noise. The `empirical mode decomposition' (EMD) method, the key part of Hilbert - Huang transform (HHT), has been used widely to analyze nonlinear and non-stationary data. This paper uses the ensemble EMD (EEMD) combined instantaneous analysis to remove the noise from GPR data. Some obscured reflections are shown in IMFs after decomposition by EEMD. After removing the high frequency noise, the reconstructed profile is obtained. Instead of applying the instantaneous analysis to the reconstructed data directly, the instantaneous attributes are obtained from the differentiated data. This extra step improves the signal resolution. The field data processing results show that the obscured targets in the raw data can be identified clearly. The processing used in this paper can improve data interpretation in GPR detection.
{"title":"Signal enhancement of GPR data based on empirical mode decomposition","authors":"Q. Lu, Cai Liu, Xuan Feng","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970513","url":null,"abstract":"In GPR data processing, it is an important task to find the reflections obscured by the noise. The `empirical mode decomposition' (EMD) method, the key part of Hilbert - Huang transform (HHT), has been used widely to analyze nonlinear and non-stationary data. This paper uses the ensemble EMD (EEMD) combined instantaneous analysis to remove the noise from GPR data. Some obscured reflections are shown in IMFs after decomposition by EEMD. After removing the high frequency noise, the reconstructed profile is obtained. Instead of applying the instantaneous analysis to the reconstructed data directly, the instantaneous attributes are obtained from the differentiated data. This extra step improves the signal resolution. The field data processing results show that the obscured targets in the raw data can be identified clearly. The processing used in this paper can improve data interpretation in GPR detection.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128666081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970389
R. Persico, G. Gennarelli, F. Soldovieri
In this paper we deal with a data processing algorithm applied to data gathered along a circular surface based on a scalar 2D linear inverse scattering approach. This problem is of interest with regard to prospecting of historical or modern columns, in particular with the aim to detect internal fractures or metallic hinges. The GPR prospecting on a circular surface presents both theoretical and practical extra-difficulties if compared to the homologous operation performed on a planar surface.
{"title":"GPR prospecting on circular surfaces: preliminary results","authors":"R. Persico, G. Gennarelli, F. Soldovieri","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970389","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we deal with a data processing algorithm applied to data gathered along a circular surface based on a scalar 2D linear inverse scattering approach. This problem is of interest with regard to prospecting of historical or modern columns, in particular with the aim to detect internal fractures or metallic hinges. The GPR prospecting on a circular surface presents both theoretical and practical extra-difficulties if compared to the homologous operation performed on a planar surface.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122262368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970538
Yunhai Xia, Feng Yang, Xu Qiao, Xianlei Xu
In the detection of diseases on urban and rural roads and underground pipelines, we require to locate the position of disease or pipeline precisely and obtain relevant information as much as possible. The ground-penetrating radar system in this paper uses differential GPS positioning while recording, to obtain precise location of the disease. It uses high-precision camera systems to collect information on road conditions and reasonably explain the causes of the roadbed disease. Besides, it uses inertial measurement unit to obtain three-axis attitude angles of the equipment timely, which is convenient to locate the survey line inflection point. Through developing a powerful data processing and information extraction software system, it makes use of the collected data more efficiently. The actual experimental results show the geological radar system superiority in the application in highway quality testing.
{"title":"Ground penetrating radar system applied in the underground concealed object detection","authors":"Yunhai Xia, Feng Yang, Xu Qiao, Xianlei Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970538","url":null,"abstract":"In the detection of diseases on urban and rural roads and underground pipelines, we require to locate the position of disease or pipeline precisely and obtain relevant information as much as possible. The ground-penetrating radar system in this paper uses differential GPS positioning while recording, to obtain precise location of the disease. It uses high-precision camera systems to collect information on road conditions and reasonably explain the causes of the roadbed disease. Besides, it uses inertial measurement unit to obtain three-axis attitude angles of the equipment timely, which is convenient to locate the survey line inflection point. Through developing a powerful data processing and information extraction software system, it makes use of the collected data more efficiently. The actual experimental results show the geological radar system superiority in the application in highway quality testing.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127041872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970547
J. Simonin, V. Baltazart, P. Hornych, Xavier Dérobert, E. Thibaut, J. Sala, V. Utsi
Over the past years, radar systems have emerged as a powerful non-destructive testing (NDT) technique for pavement surveys. Radar systems have several major advantages, such as a high data acquisition rate and global monitoring through quasi-continuous measurements. Two radar techniques are tested for pavement structures. Impulse radar was the first technology used by the GPR community. In the 1990s, step-frequency technology enabled larger bandwidth and improved time resolution. The two radar techniques are now able to collect data at traffic speed. They record measurements along a longitudinal profile usually located in a wheel-path to provide Bscan records of the roadways pavement. It allows to detect layer interfaces and to estimate layer thickness and sometimes to detect internal defects such as sliding the interface. Since few years, new radar systems have been developed to record several longitudinal profiles and retrieve the 3D view of the pavement structure. In 2013, the opportunity has been found to record some GPR data on the accelerated pavement testing facility of IFSTTAR, with some exhibitors of GPR equipment during the IWAGPR workshop in Nantes. The paper presents the results obtained with two such systems. The results are compared with those from classical GPR on a qualitative basis. The contribution of 3D GPR is clearly demonstrated to detect the spatial extension of pavement layer debonding.
{"title":"Case study of detection of artificial defects in an experimental pavement structure using 3D GPR systems","authors":"J. Simonin, V. Baltazart, P. Hornych, Xavier Dérobert, E. Thibaut, J. Sala, V. Utsi","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970547","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past years, radar systems have emerged as a powerful non-destructive testing (NDT) technique for pavement surveys. Radar systems have several major advantages, such as a high data acquisition rate and global monitoring through quasi-continuous measurements. Two radar techniques are tested for pavement structures. Impulse radar was the first technology used by the GPR community. In the 1990s, step-frequency technology enabled larger bandwidth and improved time resolution. The two radar techniques are now able to collect data at traffic speed. They record measurements along a longitudinal profile usually located in a wheel-path to provide Bscan records of the roadways pavement. It allows to detect layer interfaces and to estimate layer thickness and sometimes to detect internal defects such as sliding the interface. Since few years, new radar systems have been developed to record several longitudinal profiles and retrieve the 3D view of the pavement structure. In 2013, the opportunity has been found to record some GPR data on the accelerated pavement testing facility of IFSTTAR, with some exhibitors of GPR equipment during the IWAGPR workshop in Nantes. The paper presents the results obtained with two such systems. The results are compared with those from classical GPR on a qualitative basis. The contribution of 3D GPR is clearly demonstrated to detect the spatial extension of pavement layer debonding.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128766158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970411
S. Arcone, S. Grant, G. Boitnott
We discuss complex permittivity spectra of two lossy soils measured from 6 kHz to 6 GHz using time domain reflectometry, in which Maxwell-Wagner relaxation (MWR) is present but also unwanted electrode polarization EP, mainly below 1 MHz, is strong. The soils are mostly quartz, with one having lesser calcite and the other lesser gypsum. Volumetric water contents ranged from 8.5-30.9%. We use a simple model that adds an EP diffusion term to Debye-type terms for the MWR and free water relaxation centered near 19 GHz, and which allows us to separate the EP from the MWR. All samples show MWRs centered from 1-196 MHz, regardless of water content, and with small to significant Cole-Cole factors. The increasing water content diminishes the effect of MWR, likely by decreasing the conductive and dielectric contrasts between isolated inclusions and the soil matrix, but still can strongly contribute to attenuation rate across the 100-1000 MHz GPR bandwidth.
{"title":"Broadband TDR permittivity spectra of lossy soils at medium to high water contents: Separation of electrode polarization from Maxwell-Wagner relaxation by modeling","authors":"S. Arcone, S. Grant, G. Boitnott","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970411","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss complex permittivity spectra of two lossy soils measured from 6 kHz to 6 GHz using time domain reflectometry, in which Maxwell-Wagner relaxation (MWR) is present but also unwanted electrode polarization EP, mainly below 1 MHz, is strong. The soils are mostly quartz, with one having lesser calcite and the other lesser gypsum. Volumetric water contents ranged from 8.5-30.9%. We use a simple model that adds an EP diffusion term to Debye-type terms for the MWR and free water relaxation centered near 19 GHz, and which allows us to separate the EP from the MWR. All samples show MWRs centered from 1-196 MHz, regardless of water content, and with small to significant Cole-Cole factors. The increasing water content diminishes the effect of MWR, likely by decreasing the conductive and dielectric contrasts between isolated inclusions and the soil matrix, but still can strongly contribute to attenuation rate across the 100-1000 MHz GPR bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133752309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970436
A. Zhang, B. Li, C. Zhao, D. Wu
In the paper, high resolution ground penetrating radar (GPR) is carried out to locate the trenching site and to delineate the shallow geological structures in the vicinity of the Yushu active strike-up fault zone. After the application of an appropriate processing flow, the interpreted GPR profile can not only clearly determine the deformational zone, but may also image the spatial distribution of fault strands and the geometry of the subsurface. At last, the trench is excavated and shows a good spatial correction with the GPR profile. This study presents that GPR is an effective technique in determining suitable locations for trenching studies, the radargrams can assist in the study of active faults by providing the images of the subsurface and geometry of the subsurface in the vicinity of the fault zone. It also provides useful data for palaeoseismic studies in Yushu area.
{"title":"Application of ground penetrating radar to active faults along Yushu strike-slip faults zone, Qinghai, China","authors":"A. Zhang, B. Li, C. Zhao, D. Wu","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970436","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, high resolution ground penetrating radar (GPR) is carried out to locate the trenching site and to delineate the shallow geological structures in the vicinity of the Yushu active strike-up fault zone. After the application of an appropriate processing flow, the interpreted GPR profile can not only clearly determine the deformational zone, but may also image the spatial distribution of fault strands and the geometry of the subsurface. At last, the trench is excavated and shows a good spatial correction with the GPR profile. This study presents that GPR is an effective technique in determining suitable locations for trenching studies, the radargrams can assist in the study of active faults by providing the images of the subsurface and geometry of the subsurface in the vicinity of the fault zone. It also provides useful data for palaeoseismic studies in Yushu area.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130481960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970397
Carolyn Woodley, S. Taylor, Sue K. Marshall, Sean Fagan
This paper reports on the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in locating and delineating sites of Aboriginal cultural heritage on Wadawurrung Country in the southern Australian state of Victoria. Current use of GPR in Victoria's Aboriginal communities is limited. Communities in Victoria who have used GPR are often dependent upon non-Indigenous specialists to operate equipment and interpret data. This reliance on non-Indigenous specialists is not appropriate for both cultural and economic reasons. The pilot program discussed worked with Traditional Owners to gauge the value of GPR in identifying and confirming cultural heritage sites. The pilot project investigated the value of GPR to identify subsurface cultural sites of significance in two different regions of Wadawurrung Country. For both sites (a burial site and a stone arrangement), GPR data respectively represented anomalies requiring further investigation and distinct reflections of material change. Data indicated sites of cultural significance to Aboriginal communities. The paper also reports on how a community-based project approach to working with GPR provides a culturally appropriate curriculum for people wanting to reengage with formal education, a culturally appropriate way to undertake sensitive heritage work and an economically sustainable way of ensuring that Aboriginal communities have access to GPR equipment.
{"title":"GPR, aboriginal cultural heritage and community capacity strengthening","authors":"Carolyn Woodley, S. Taylor, Sue K. Marshall, Sean Fagan","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970397","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in locating and delineating sites of Aboriginal cultural heritage on Wadawurrung Country in the southern Australian state of Victoria. Current use of GPR in Victoria's Aboriginal communities is limited. Communities in Victoria who have used GPR are often dependent upon non-Indigenous specialists to operate equipment and interpret data. This reliance on non-Indigenous specialists is not appropriate for both cultural and economic reasons. The pilot program discussed worked with Traditional Owners to gauge the value of GPR in identifying and confirming cultural heritage sites. The pilot project investigated the value of GPR to identify subsurface cultural sites of significance in two different regions of Wadawurrung Country. For both sites (a burial site and a stone arrangement), GPR data respectively represented anomalies requiring further investigation and distinct reflections of material change. Data indicated sites of cultural significance to Aboriginal communities. The paper also reports on how a community-based project approach to working with GPR provides a culturally appropriate curriculum for people wanting to reengage with formal education, a culturally appropriate way to undertake sensitive heritage work and an economically sustainable way of ensuring that Aboriginal communities have access to GPR equipment.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132847595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970385
Yossi Salmon, L. Conyers, H. Jol, M. Artzy
The establishment of the settlement at the start of the 2nd millennium BCE in the Nami region of Israel marks the beginning of a new era of human habitation in this region, following a hiatus of ca 500 years. Tel Nami was deserted ca. 200 years later, not to be settled again for another 400 years or more. Nami is in a system that combines wetlands and coastal depositional packages of marine and aeolian sediments in addition to archaeological features. These environments are very complex in terms of their geophysical (dielectric) properties. In addition, the proximity to the sea and the intrusion of seawater to the subterranean medium creates areas with high high salinity (conductive) and high water content values. Four areas were selected for GPR data collection to create amplitude maps and collected with 400MHz and 270MHz antennas. A total of 7,450 sq meters of data was collected. Each of the grids shows a complex series of depositional units from different environments that provide a framework of ancient habitations. In two 3D surveys, archaeological features were detected, indicating fragments of walls and floors. Under them, in one instance high reflective features were detected. These are likely aeolianite sandstone, in contrast to low reflective limestone, the usual building material of the site of the period. This slab might indicate a Middle bronze tomb covered by a stele.
{"title":"Early second millennium settlement landscape in the Nami Region, Israel, revealed by GPR investigations","authors":"Yossi Salmon, L. Conyers, H. Jol, M. Artzy","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970385","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of the settlement at the start of the 2nd millennium BCE in the Nami region of Israel marks the beginning of a new era of human habitation in this region, following a hiatus of ca 500 years. Tel Nami was deserted ca. 200 years later, not to be settled again for another 400 years or more. Nami is in a system that combines wetlands and coastal depositional packages of marine and aeolian sediments in addition to archaeological features. These environments are very complex in terms of their geophysical (dielectric) properties. In addition, the proximity to the sea and the intrusion of seawater to the subterranean medium creates areas with high high salinity (conductive) and high water content values. Four areas were selected for GPR data collection to create amplitude maps and collected with 400MHz and 270MHz antennas. A total of 7,450 sq meters of data was collected. Each of the grids shows a complex series of depositional units from different environments that provide a framework of ancient habitations. In two 3D surveys, archaeological features were detected, indicating fragments of walls and floors. Under them, in one instance high reflective features were detected. These are likely aeolianite sandstone, in contrast to low reflective limestone, the usual building material of the site of the period. This slab might indicate a Middle bronze tomb covered by a stele.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128034853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970474
N. Mourmeaux, A. Tran, S. Lambot
Full-wave inverse modeling of low-frequency, near-field ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data was used for simultaneously reconstructing both the electric permittivity and conductivity of the soil. Low GPR frequencies provide a significant sensitivity of the reflection coefficient to electrical conductivity and are less affected by soil roughness and local heterogeneities. Based on the near-field model, several numerical experiments were conducted to simultaneously retrieve ground electrical conductivities and dielectrical permittivities in the range 10-180 MHz for different water contents. We calibrated a time-domain GPR system equipped with transmitting and receiving 80 MHz unshielded dipoles antennas using measurements collected at different heights over a water layer of known electrical conductivity. Then, the GPR model was validated for measurements collected over water subject to a range of electrical conductivities. A good agreement was obtained between the radar data and the fullwave electromagnetic model for the different antenna heights but the water layer properties were not accurately retrieved. These differences were attributed to errors in the transfer functions of the antenna mainly due to the instability of the radar system. The future challenge in this research will focus on an accurate determination of the antenna transfer functions of a stable radar system for improved medium reconstruction.
{"title":"Soil permittivity and conductivity characterization by full-wave inversion of near-field GPR data","authors":"N. Mourmeaux, A. Tran, S. Lambot","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970474","url":null,"abstract":"Full-wave inverse modeling of low-frequency, near-field ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data was used for simultaneously reconstructing both the electric permittivity and conductivity of the soil. Low GPR frequencies provide a significant sensitivity of the reflection coefficient to electrical conductivity and are less affected by soil roughness and local heterogeneities. Based on the near-field model, several numerical experiments were conducted to simultaneously retrieve ground electrical conductivities and dielectrical permittivities in the range 10-180 MHz for different water contents. We calibrated a time-domain GPR system equipped with transmitting and receiving 80 MHz unshielded dipoles antennas using measurements collected at different heights over a water layer of known electrical conductivity. Then, the GPR model was validated for measurements collected over water subject to a range of electrical conductivities. A good agreement was obtained between the radar data and the fullwave electromagnetic model for the different antenna heights but the water layer properties were not accurately retrieved. These differences were attributed to errors in the transfer functions of the antenna mainly due to the instability of the radar system. The future challenge in this research will focus on an accurate determination of the antenna transfer functions of a stable radar system for improved medium reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128417313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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