Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1242
S. Kaju, Michael J. Bennett, S. Bennett
Smoking is the main cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with the highest incidence of diagnosed COPD in males with age of 40 years and upwards. Crackle characteristics have been reported to indicate and differentiate COPD and other cardiopulmonary diseases. However, no studies have investigated the change of crackle characteristics among smokers within this specific group. The aim of this study was to compare crackle characteristics between adult male smokers and non smokers. Twenty smokers (10 mild (pack year: 9.05±3.9) and 10 moderate (pack year: 32.95±4.2)); age 8.95±6.4 year) and 20 non-smokers (age 50.90±5.3 year) with normal spirometry test were recruited into the study. Lung sound data were recorded, without airflow control, using a digital stethoscope (ThinkLabs ds32a, USA) connected to a laptop computer. The results showed significantly higher number of crackles per breathing cycle (NCpB) in smokers in all six areas across chest wall when compared with non smokers (p=0.043 for anterior left, p=0.009 for anterior right, p=0.032 for lateral left, p=0.008 for lateral right, p=0.015 for posterior left and p=0.001 for posterior right). These initial results indicate that NCpB might be able to reflect changes of the lung among adult smokers with normal spirometry test. This suggests that NCpB could possibly be used as an early indicator of smoking damage before turning to COPD, though a larger sample is needed to confirm it.
{"title":"Change in crackle characteristics among male adult smokers","authors":"S. Kaju, Michael J. Bennett, S. Bennett","doi":"10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1242","url":null,"abstract":"Smoking is the main cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with the highest incidence of diagnosed COPD in males with age of 40 years and upwards. Crackle characteristics have been reported to indicate and differentiate COPD and other cardiopulmonary diseases. However, no studies have investigated the change of crackle characteristics among smokers within this specific group. The aim of this study was to compare crackle characteristics between adult male smokers and non smokers. Twenty smokers (10 mild (pack year: 9.05±3.9) and 10 moderate (pack year: 32.95±4.2)); age 8.95±6.4 year) and 20 non-smokers (age 50.90±5.3 year) with normal spirometry test were recruited into the study. Lung sound data were recorded, without airflow control, using a digital stethoscope (ThinkLabs ds32a, USA) connected to a laptop computer. The results showed significantly higher number of crackles per breathing cycle (NCpB) in smokers in all six areas across chest wall when compared with non smokers (p=0.043 for anterior left, p=0.009 for anterior right, p=0.032 for lateral left, p=0.008 for lateral right, p=0.015 for posterior left and p=0.001 for posterior right). These initial results indicate that NCpB might be able to reflect changes of the lung among adult smokers with normal spirometry test. This suggests that NCpB could possibly be used as an early indicator of smoking damage before turning to COPD, though a larger sample is needed to confirm it.","PeriodicalId":212819,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121435001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA4541
B. Dautzenberg, H. Torregrossa, M. Melchior, N. Rieu, P. Birkui, M. Mary-Krause, M. Dautzenberg
The objective of the study, conducted during 5 years among 12-19 years old secondary school students in Paris, is to compare exclusive e-cigarettes users to exclusive tobacco users. Methods: Each year from 2013 to 2017, we randomly selected classes in Paris to include approximately 3500 students. Current e-cigarette or tobacco use was defined as use in the preceding 30 days. Students completed a one-page self-reported questionnaire in school. Data were analyzed using marginal multinomial logistic regression models in which exclusive tobacco smokers served as the reference group. Results: Among the 17 435 students included, 2.3% (n=392) reported exclusive e-cigarette use, 7.9% (n=1370) exclusive tobacco use and 3.2% dual use (n=555). Compared to exclusive tobacco smokers, e-cigarette users were: - less likely to use cannabis (adjusted odds-ratio (OR) =0.12, 95%CI=0.06-0.23); - more likely to have used e-cigarettes rather than traditional tobacco at smoking initiation (OR=9.59, 95% CI=4.81-19.13); - more likely to use a water-pipe at smoking initiation (OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.23-4.20). Compared to 12-14 year olds, the probability of being an exclusive e-cigarette user decreased with age with an OR=0.28 (95% CI=0.14-0.55) among 14-16 year olds and OR=0.12 (95% CI=0.06-0.24) among ≥ 17 year olds. The probability of being an exclusive e-cigarette user was lower if the best friend smoked tobacco (OR=0.35, 95% CI=0.23-0.56). Conclusions: Teenagers who are exclusive users of e-cigarettes differ from those who use tobacco in terms of smoking trajectory and concurrent cannabis use.
{"title":"Exclusive e-cigarette use among Parisian school students","authors":"B. Dautzenberg, H. Torregrossa, M. Melchior, N. Rieu, P. Birkui, M. Mary-Krause, M. Dautzenberg","doi":"10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA4541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA4541","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study, conducted during 5 years among 12-19 years old secondary school students in Paris, is to compare exclusive e-cigarettes users to exclusive tobacco users. Methods: Each year from 2013 to 2017, we randomly selected classes in Paris to include approximately 3500 students. Current e-cigarette or tobacco use was defined as use in the preceding 30 days. Students completed a one-page self-reported questionnaire in school. Data were analyzed using marginal multinomial logistic regression models in which exclusive tobacco smokers served as the reference group. Results: Among the 17 435 students included, 2.3% (n=392) reported exclusive e-cigarette use, 7.9% (n=1370) exclusive tobacco use and 3.2% dual use (n=555). Compared to exclusive tobacco smokers, e-cigarette users were: - less likely to use cannabis (adjusted odds-ratio (OR) =0.12, 95%CI=0.06-0.23); - more likely to have used e-cigarettes rather than traditional tobacco at smoking initiation (OR=9.59, 95% CI=4.81-19.13); - more likely to use a water-pipe at smoking initiation (OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.23-4.20). Compared to 12-14 year olds, the probability of being an exclusive e-cigarette user decreased with age with an OR=0.28 (95% CI=0.14-0.55) among 14-16 year olds and OR=0.12 (95% CI=0.06-0.24) among ≥ 17 year olds. The probability of being an exclusive e-cigarette user was lower if the best friend smoked tobacco (OR=0.35, 95% CI=0.23-0.56). Conclusions: Teenagers who are exclusive users of e-cigarettes differ from those who use tobacco in terms of smoking trajectory and concurrent cannabis use.","PeriodicalId":212819,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122682567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1720
A. Ahuja, A. Uppe, Girija Nair
{"title":"Study of lung functions in tobacco chewers","authors":"A. Ahuja, A. Uppe, Girija Nair","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212819,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115897361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1238
I. Godoy, Ligia Lopes Devóglio, I. Godoy
{"title":"Smoking in individuals with HIV/AIDS: a qualitative-quantitative approach","authors":"I. Godoy, Ligia Lopes Devóglio, I. Godoy","doi":"10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212819,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123739986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa4571
Dimitra Mpousiou, Dimitra Lamprou, Michael Toumpis, Theodora Katsaounou, D. Fouskakis, Marina Moscholaki, Areti Karathanasi, C. Gratziou, E. Zervas, P. Katsaounou
{"title":"The effect of parental smoking and smoking inside the house in the adolescents attitude towards smoking","authors":"Dimitra Mpousiou, Dimitra Lamprou, Michael Toumpis, Theodora Katsaounou, D. Fouskakis, Marina Moscholaki, Areti Karathanasi, C. Gratziou, E. Zervas, P. Katsaounou","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa4571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa4571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212819,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125263021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA4539
F. Çiftçi, S. Ayoz, Dursun Baygul, Z. P. Önen, E. Şen
Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate age-related differences in smoking habits and to determine the different characteristics of the patients older than 65 years. Method: Information regarding demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and smoking history were obtained. The Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) questionnaire and the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test (NDT), were administered. Results: This study included a total of 140 patients with a mean age of 51.5±14.1 who presented to the smoking cessation unit between 2016-18. The age of onset for cigarette smoking was 16.9±5.1 years; the mean total smoking amount was 32.8±15.8 packs/year. 51(36.4%) patients were ≥65 years of age and 89 (63.6%) were Conclusion: Smoking is associated with male gender, a lower educational level, and a higher smoking rate above 65 years of age. These patients have a higher autonomy over smoking; they tried to quit smoking and used drugs more often. The rate of living with other smokers at home and at work is low. Patients over 65 years of age have different characteristics and treatments should be evaluated differently.
{"title":"Smoking behaviour and age","authors":"F. Çiftçi, S. Ayoz, Dursun Baygul, Z. P. Önen, E. Şen","doi":"10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA4539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA4539","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate age-related differences in smoking habits and to determine the different characteristics of the patients older than 65 years. Method: Information regarding demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and smoking history were obtained. The Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) questionnaire and the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test (NDT), were administered. Results: This study included a total of 140 patients with a mean age of 51.5±14.1 who presented to the smoking cessation unit between 2016-18. The age of onset for cigarette smoking was 16.9±5.1 years; the mean total smoking amount was 32.8±15.8 packs/year. 51(36.4%) patients were ≥65 years of age and 89 (63.6%) were Conclusion: Smoking is associated with male gender, a lower educational level, and a higher smoking rate above 65 years of age. These patients have a higher autonomy over smoking; they tried to quit smoking and used drugs more often. The rate of living with other smokers at home and at work is low. Patients over 65 years of age have different characteristics and treatments should be evaluated differently.","PeriodicalId":212819,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114111362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1260
A. Nowiński, Damian Korzybski, Anna Czyzak-Gradkowska, R. Pływaczewski, P. Śliwiński
{"title":"Carboxyhemoglobin level in patients undergoing home long term oxygen therapy declaring themselves as non-smokers.","authors":"A. Nowiński, Damian Korzybski, Anna Czyzak-Gradkowska, R. Pływaczewski, P. Śliwiński","doi":"10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212819,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116066047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1231
A. Ebihara, A. Nagai, T. Iwamoto, I. Kuwahira
{"title":"Analysis of the ratio of ACO in elderly and non-elderly asthmatics with a history of smoking","authors":"A. Ebihara, A. Nagai, T. Iwamoto, I. Kuwahira","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1231","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212819,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115024056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1724
E. Roxlau, Alexandra Pichl, B. Selvakumar, R. Schermuly, H. Ghofrani, W. Seeger, J. Wilhelm, M. Fassbender, F. Grimminger, S. Herold, N. Sommer, N. Weissmann
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are gaining popularity as an alternative to smoking, despite many unsolved questions regarding their safety. This study aimed to investigate effects of e-cigarette vapour extract (ECVE) and e-cigarette aerosol (ECA) on different pulmonary cell types or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from control mice or mice exposed to ECA, respectively. Primary isolated murine alveolar epithelial typeII cells (mAECII) and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (mPASMC) were exposed to ECVE (containing 0mg/ml or 18mg/ml nicotine). We determined proliferation and migration in mPASMC, and performed whole genome expression analysis in mAECII and mPASMC. Additionally, flow cytometry was applied to characterize cellular composition of BALF from C57BL/6J mice exposed to ECA for 8 months. ECVE with and without nicotine inhibited cellular migration, but not proliferation in mPASMC and increased expression of inflammatory proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase. Microarray data further revealed alteration of lysosomal and metabolic pathways, particularly glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in mPASMC. In contrast, metabolic pathways, particularly genes involved in cytochrome P450 and glutathione metabolism were upregulated in mAECII. Furthermore, the percentage of lymphocytes, neutrophils and alveolar exudate macrophages were increased, whereas resident alveolar macrophages were decreased in the BALF from mice exposed to ECA with or without nicotine compared to control groups. These results indicate that ECVE with and without nicotine alters cellular functions and intracellular pathways of mPASMC and mAECII. Moreover, ECA causes inflammatory responses in the lung.
{"title":"Effects of electronic cigarette aerosol on isolated murine lung cells and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid","authors":"E. Roxlau, Alexandra Pichl, B. Selvakumar, R. Schermuly, H. Ghofrani, W. Seeger, J. Wilhelm, M. Fassbender, F. Grimminger, S. Herold, N. Sommer, N. Weissmann","doi":"10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA1724","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are gaining popularity as an alternative to smoking, despite many unsolved questions regarding their safety. This study aimed to investigate effects of e-cigarette vapour extract (ECVE) and e-cigarette aerosol (ECA) on different pulmonary cell types or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from control mice or mice exposed to ECA, respectively. Primary isolated murine alveolar epithelial typeII cells (mAECII) and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (mPASMC) were exposed to ECVE (containing 0mg/ml or 18mg/ml nicotine). We determined proliferation and migration in mPASMC, and performed whole genome expression analysis in mAECII and mPASMC. Additionally, flow cytometry was applied to characterize cellular composition of BALF from C57BL/6J mice exposed to ECA for 8 months. ECVE with and without nicotine inhibited cellular migration, but not proliferation in mPASMC and increased expression of inflammatory proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase. Microarray data further revealed alteration of lysosomal and metabolic pathways, particularly glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in mPASMC. In contrast, metabolic pathways, particularly genes involved in cytochrome P450 and glutathione metabolism were upregulated in mAECII. Furthermore, the percentage of lymphocytes, neutrophils and alveolar exudate macrophages were increased, whereas resident alveolar macrophages were decreased in the BALF from mice exposed to ECA with or without nicotine compared to control groups. These results indicate that ECVE with and without nicotine alters cellular functions and intracellular pathways of mPASMC and mAECII. Moreover, ECA causes inflammatory responses in the lung.","PeriodicalId":212819,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115100072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA4550
M. A. Mendes, Paula Faustino, Teresa Almeida, Manuel Preto, M. J. Oliveira, M. Dias, D. Coutinho, I. Ladeira, M. Guimarães, I. Pascoal
{"title":"Electronic cigarettes knowledge and use among smokers attending an intensive smoking cessation intervention programme","authors":"M. A. Mendes, Paula Faustino, Teresa Almeida, Manuel Preto, M. J. Oliveira, M. Dias, D. Coutinho, I. Ladeira, M. Guimarães, I. Pascoal","doi":"10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA4550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA4550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212819,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129649382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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