Revue medicale suisse最新文献

Menopause is a major hormonal transition associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular risk. The decline in estrogen levels negatively affects the lipid profile. Early and individualized management of risk factors is essential. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is not recommended for primary or secondary cardiovascular prevention. Late initiation, especially in oral form, substantially increases the cardiovascular risk, particularly the occurrence of ischemic stroke. A window of opportunity exists for initiating HRT in women under 60 years old or within 10 years of menopause onset, who experience severe vasomotor symptoms, preferably using transdermal estrogen combined with micronized progesterone. HRT should be initiated at the lowest effective dose and reassessed annually.

Renin-angiotensin system blockers have been a cornerstone of hypertension management since the late 1980s. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, particularly lisinopril, are prescribed more frequently than angiotensin receptor blockers for several reasons. However, current data show similar efficacy between the two classes, with notable differences in terms of action duration, side effects, and costs. This article reviews the factors that may influence the choice between these treatments.

Physical exercise is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle. It contributes to a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular events and related morbidity and mortality, particularly through its beneficial effects on blood sugar, lipid, and blood pressure profiles. Physical exercise is among the lifestyle and dietary measures recommended for all individuals, whether they are at cardiovascular risk or not, for both primary and secondary prevention. The purpose of this article is to review the current physical exercise recommendations and potential cardiovascular benefits in specific situations.

High-output stoma, which often occurs after ileostomy, results in substantial enteric losses that can lead to dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and malnutrition. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach including rehydration, tailored nutrition, and therapies aimed at reducing stoma output. First-line management is restoration of intravascular volume with sodium-containing fluids, followed by evaluation and treatment of underlying causes such as infection or partial stricture. Regular monitoring of stoma output and urine output is essential to prevent long-term complications such as renal failure. Control of the condition is, in the majority of cases, achieved through rehydration, dietary measures, and antisecretory/antimotility agents.

Superficial siderosis is a rare neurological evolutive condition that encompasses two distinct entities classified according to their cortical or infratentorial localisation. The disease is caused by the neuronal destruction of the central nervous system linked with hemosiderin deposits. The aetiology is a sustained low-intensity bleeding located at the supratentorial subarachnoid space for the cortical superficial siderosis or from the subarachnoid space for the infratentorial superficial siderosis. The triad sensorineural hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal signs should suggest infratentorial superficial siderosis. The diagnosis is made using central nervous system MRI. The management relies on the identification and surgical correction of the bleeding source. The benefit of medical treatment is discussed.