Revue medicale suisse最新文献

Whether generative, specialized, agentic, or all the later, artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually taking root in the daily lives of part of the French-speaking Swiss population. In healthcare, some applications are already in clinical use and shaping patient care. But what do we truly know about these learning systems? What blind spots remain in our understanding? To what extent can debates on transparency help maximize benefits while limiting unnecessary risks? Central or not, the issue is divisive. Without being exhaustive, this article highlights the value and challenges of AI transparency, as well as current debates on its usefulness and feasibility.

This article presents a selection of 10 essential topics that were carefully analyzed and commented on by the chief residents of the Department of Internal Medicine at CHUV, summarizing major advances and key updates for 2025. Based on the year's most notable publications, this synthesis highlights progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for both hospitalized patients and outpatient continuity of care. The selected articles emphasize developments in cardiology, infectious diseases, and hematology, while also addressing ethical challenges in medical practice. In addition, the growing impact of artificial intelligence on diagnosis and patient management is explored. This synthesis provides a valuable resource to support clinicians in updating their practices.

In this paper three points are discussed: the diagnosis of High Intellectual Potential (HPI) is mentioned with increasing frequency. While it is suspected to be linked with many negative consequences, this is not the case; HPI is rather associated with greater life expectancy, better professional performance, and higher levels of well-being. Exposure to childhood trauma is linked to alterations of mentalization capacities, which are essential for understanding one's own mental states as well as those of others. And finally, the trajectories of alcohol and cannabis misuse follow different patterns during treatment for a first psychotic episode, suggesting both that these substances are used by distinct subgroups of patients and that they require differentiated clinical approaches.

Autoimmune diseases and their treatment present particular challenges during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The 2025 update of the recommendations from the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology outlines five overarching principles and provides detailed guidance on the use of immunosuppressants before, during, and after pregnancy. Among therapeutic advances in systemic autoimmune diseases, obinutuzumab, when added to the standard of care, has proved effective in treating active lupus nephritis, anifrolumab has confirmed its long-term benefits in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), new drugs such as telitacicept and ianalumab have passed phase III trials, and T-cell engagers show promise in controlling refractory autoimmune diseases. Finally, cardiovascular risk scores (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation - SCORE2, QRESEARCH risk estimator version 3 - QRISK3, Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events - PREVENT), which were developed for the general population, were specifically evaluated in SLE, given its particularly high burden of cardiovascular events.

In this article, we present eight studies published in the last 2 years that are likely to influence the practice of general practitioners in 2026. The key messages highlight the effectiveness of metformin for knee pain treatment, recent advances in the management of poorly controlled asthma, and the absence of contraindications to administering influenza and Covid-19 vaccines simultaneously. In addition, several articles describe the association between sleep duration and hypertension, blood pressure measurement protocols, the effects of vitamin K2 on nocturnal leg cramps, and the effects of intermittent fasting on weight loss. Finally, the Thrombosis Risk Prediction in Patients with Cast Immobilization Score can be used to assess whether therapeutic anticoagulation is indicated in cases of lower-limb immobilization.

Through an analysis of landmark studies published in 2025, this article provides an overview of the latest developments in hospital-based internal medicine across a selection of key topics. The subjects covered include recent progress in areas commonly encountered in internal medicine, such as cardiovascular diseases, dementia, sleep disorders, and nutrition. This article therefore offers clinicians a useful and up-to-date summary, enabling them to stay informed about the latest diagnostic and therapeutic developments.