Implant stability reflects implant osseointegration in that it requires certain objectives to be met during implant installation and healing. The main determinants of implant stability are the mechanical properties of bone tissue at implant site irrespective of how well the implant is engaged with bone tissue. Stability can be classified into two types as follows: primary stability that is measured immediately after implant placement, secondary stability which is measured after the healing of bone around the implant. Primary stability is a mechanical phenomenon, whereas secondary stability occurs through a cascade of events, such as bone deposition and remodeling at the bone implant interface. Many factors influence the primary and secondary stabilities of the implants which include implant design, implant surface topography, bone quality, and patient-related factors. Hence, it is essential to comprehend the multitude of factors that persuade the implant stability and to analyze the outcome of implant therapy.
{"title":"Factors influencing implant stability","authors":"K. V. Hiranmayi","doi":"10.4103/JDI.JDI_14_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JDI.JDI_14_18","url":null,"abstract":"Implant stability reflects implant osseointegration in that it requires certain objectives to be met during implant installation and healing. The main determinants of implant stability are the mechanical properties of bone tissue at implant site irrespective of how well the implant is engaged with bone tissue. Stability can be classified into two types as follows: primary stability that is measured immediately after implant placement, secondary stability which is measured after the healing of bone around the implant. Primary stability is a mechanical phenomenon, whereas secondary stability occurs through a cascade of events, such as bone deposition and remodeling at the bone implant interface. Many factors influence the primary and secondary stabilities of the implants which include implant design, implant surface topography, bone quality, and patient-related factors. Hence, it is essential to comprehend the multitude of factors that persuade the implant stability and to analyze the outcome of implant therapy.","PeriodicalId":212982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Implants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127441058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thinking big about small contacts: Is occlusion being ignored?","authors":"S. Shetty","doi":"10.4103/jdi.jdi_21_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdi.jdi_21_18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Implants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129381843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Siddalingappa, Yogish Puttashamachari, Rithesh Kulal, R. Srikanthan, M. U. Sharieff
Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate clinically the success and esthetic result (soft-tissue and hard-tissue changes) of immediate implant placement after 1 year. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with 23 titanium screw-shaped implants (13–16-mm length and 4.3–5-mm diameters) were placed in the extraction sockets. The jumping distance after implant placement was filled up with G bone synthetic hydroxyapatite granules and platelet-rich fibrin. It was again reevaluated at second-stage surgery. Clinical parameters of the peri-implant conditions were assessed after 1-year follow-up. Statistical Analysis: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, Version 22.0. released 2013. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp, was used to perform statistical analyses. Descriptive Statistics: It includes expression of the study variables with categorical data regarding number and percentage whereas in mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Results: The cumulative implant survival and success rate were determined after 1-year observation period. The analysis of the esthetic result, papillary index, interdental bone, gingival biotype, modified plaque index, and modified bleeding index was analyzed. Conclusion: This study determines us the success rate and esthetics of immediate implant placement after tooth extraction.
{"title":"Immediate implant placement: A longitudinal study to assess soft and hard tissue","authors":"M. Siddalingappa, Yogish Puttashamachari, Rithesh Kulal, R. Srikanthan, M. U. Sharieff","doi":"10.4103/JDI.JDI_11_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JDI.JDI_11_18","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate clinically the success and esthetic result (soft-tissue and hard-tissue changes) of immediate implant placement after 1 year. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with 23 titanium screw-shaped implants (13–16-mm length and 4.3–5-mm diameters) were placed in the extraction sockets. The jumping distance after implant placement was filled up with G bone synthetic hydroxyapatite granules and platelet-rich fibrin. It was again reevaluated at second-stage surgery. Clinical parameters of the peri-implant conditions were assessed after 1-year follow-up. Statistical Analysis: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, Version 22.0. released 2013. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp, was used to perform statistical analyses. Descriptive Statistics: It includes expression of the study variables with categorical data regarding number and percentage whereas in mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Results: The cumulative implant survival and success rate were determined after 1-year observation period. The analysis of the esthetic result, papillary index, interdental bone, gingival biotype, modified plaque index, and modified bleeding index was analyzed. Conclusion: This study determines us the success rate and esthetics of immediate implant placement after tooth extraction.","PeriodicalId":212982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Implants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117190789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cold welding is a very useful mechanical effect in dental implant therapy when abutments are fixed. However, this effect may cause very challenging situation for the clinicians when occurring in the “wrong place, wrong time.” The incidence of cover screw complications was reported to range 0.5%–8%. According to our investigation, this value may be even higher when conical design present. Although some manufacturers offer so-called retrieval kits, in some cases, these are very time-consuming and not always effective, and when the complication occurs, the planned dental implant therapy could be in danger. This article summarizes a case report when the conical connected cover screw affected from cold welding was removed with a carbide bur.
{"title":"Cold welding: A possible mechanical complication related to a failing dental implant cover screw","authors":"Péter Óvári, V. Jancsik, J. Piffkó","doi":"10.4103/jdi.jdi_1_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdi.jdi_1_18","url":null,"abstract":"Cold welding is a very useful mechanical effect in dental implant therapy when abutments are fixed. However, this effect may cause very challenging situation for the clinicians when occurring in the “wrong place, wrong time.” The incidence of cover screw complications was reported to range 0.5%–8%. According to our investigation, this value may be even higher when conical design present. Although some manufacturers offer so-called retrieval kits, in some cases, these are very time-consuming and not always effective, and when the complication occurs, the planned dental implant therapy could be in danger. This article summarizes a case report when the conical connected cover screw affected from cold welding was removed with a carbide bur.","PeriodicalId":212982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Implants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124851929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allograft bone blocks are tried and tested procedure to gain bone width so that an implant can be placed in cases with deficient bone width. It is a simple and easy technique. This article presents a case with deficient bone width in the anterior maxilla and the technique that was used to gain the desired bone width with successful placement and loading of dental implant.
{"title":"Ridge augmentation using allograft bone block: A case report with 5-year follow-up","authors":"V. Jain, Aparna Jain","doi":"10.4103/JDI.JDI_18_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JDI.JDI_18_17","url":null,"abstract":"Allograft bone blocks are tried and tested procedure to gain bone width so that an implant can be placed in cases with deficient bone width. It is a simple and easy technique. This article presents a case with deficient bone width in the anterior maxilla and the technique that was used to gain the desired bone width with successful placement and loading of dental implant.","PeriodicalId":212982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Implants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133570336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of using prefabricated stress-free implant bar (SFI-Bar) on marginal bone loss around tilted or axially placed and immediately loaded two implants for retaining mandibular overdentures. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with a mean age of 56.5 years were chosen. Patients were divided into two groups as follows: Group (AB) (n = 15): Patients received two axially implants connected by SFI-Bars for retaining mandibular overdentures. Group (TB) (n = 15): Patients received two mesially tilted implants connected by SFI-Bars for retaining mandibular overdentures. For each patient, two dental implants (3.8 mm × 12 mm) were bilaterally inserted in the canine regions. Implants were immediately loaded with SFI-Bar system overdentures. Digital periapical radiographs were scheduled at implant placement (baseline) and subsequently after every 12 months up to 36 months to measure peri-implant bone loss (PiBL). The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Both groups showed insignificant PiBL at 12 and 24 months, while at 36 months, patients in Group TB showed significantly higher marginal PiBL than that with Group AB. Conclusions: Prefabricated SFI-Bar retained mandibular overdentures could offer an alternative attachment for two angulated, immediately loaded implants with predictable radiographic outcomes.
目的:本研究的目的是评估使用预制无应力种植体棒(SFI-Bar)对倾斜或轴向放置和立即加载两种种植体用于下颌覆盖义齿的边缘骨丢失的影响。材料与方法:选择平均年龄56.5岁的患者30例。将患者分为两组:AB组(n = 15):患者接受两根轴向种植体，通过SFI-Bars连接固定下颌覆盖义齿。TB组(n = 15):患者接受两颗中倾斜种植体，用SFI-Bars连接固定下颌覆盖义齿。每例患者在犬侧植入两颗种植体(3.8 mm × 12 mm)。种植体立即加载SFI-Bar系统覆盖义齿。在种植体放置时(基线)和随后每12个月至36个月进行数字根尖周x线片测量种植体周围骨质流失(PiBL)。对记录的数据进行统计分析。结果:两组患者在12个月和24个月时PiBL均不显著，而在36个月时，TB组患者的边缘PiBL明显高于AB组。结论:预制SFI-Bar保留下颌覆盖义齿可以为两个成角，立即加载的种植体提供替代附着体，具有可预测的放射学结果。
{"title":"The effect of using prefabricated bars on marginal bone loss around tilted or axially placed and immediately loaded implants for retaining mandibular overdentures","authors":"E. Abdel-Khalek, A. Khalifa, Nesreen Elmekawy","doi":"10.4103/JDI.JDI_15_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JDI.JDI_15_18","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of using prefabricated stress-free implant bar (SFI-Bar) on marginal bone loss around tilted or axially placed and immediately loaded two implants for retaining mandibular overdentures. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with a mean age of 56.5 years were chosen. Patients were divided into two groups as follows: Group (AB) (n = 15): Patients received two axially implants connected by SFI-Bars for retaining mandibular overdentures. Group (TB) (n = 15): Patients received two mesially tilted implants connected by SFI-Bars for retaining mandibular overdentures. For each patient, two dental implants (3.8 mm × 12 mm) were bilaterally inserted in the canine regions. Implants were immediately loaded with SFI-Bar system overdentures. Digital periapical radiographs were scheduled at implant placement (baseline) and subsequently after every 12 months up to 36 months to measure peri-implant bone loss (PiBL). The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Both groups showed insignificant PiBL at 12 and 24 months, while at 36 months, patients in Group TB showed significantly higher marginal PiBL than that with Group AB. Conclusions: Prefabricated SFI-Bar retained mandibular overdentures could offer an alternative attachment for two angulated, immediately loaded implants with predictable radiographic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":212982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Implants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129357688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Obagbemiro, Y. Ajayi, P. Akeredolu, John Adeoye, G. Arotiba
Introduction: Factors that affect primary and ultimate implant stability include characteristics of the type of dental implant used, bone quality at the site of implant placement, insertion torque, as well as micromotions at the bone–implant interface. This study, however, sought out to determine the effect and relationship between relevant implant characteristics and implant stability in immediately loaded single implant cases using the Periotest® M handheld device. Aim: To determine the effect of implant characteristics on the ultimate implant stability in immediately loaded single implant cases. Results: At placement, 33 (94%) of implants had periotest values between −0.8 and 0 at placement. There is a general decrease in the number of patients with periotest values −0.8–0 and those with +1–9 from the initial placement to 6 months after placement. It was further observed that there is a negative correlation between the implant length, diameter, and the mean periotest values although this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a directly proportional relationship between implant characteristics and implant stability of immediately loaded implants.
{"title":"The effect of implant characteristics on the implant stability of immediately loaded single implant cases: A prospective study","authors":"K. Obagbemiro, Y. Ajayi, P. Akeredolu, John Adeoye, G. Arotiba","doi":"10.4103/JDI.JDI_12_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JDI.JDI_12_18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Factors that affect primary and ultimate implant stability include characteristics of the type of dental implant used, bone quality at the site of implant placement, insertion torque, as well as micromotions at the bone–implant interface. This study, however, sought out to determine the effect and relationship between relevant implant characteristics and implant stability in immediately loaded single implant cases using the Periotest® M handheld device. Aim: To determine the effect of implant characteristics on the ultimate implant stability in immediately loaded single implant cases. Results: At placement, 33 (94%) of implants had periotest values between −0.8 and 0 at placement. There is a general decrease in the number of patients with periotest values −0.8–0 and those with +1–9 from the initial placement to 6 months after placement. It was further observed that there is a negative correlation between the implant length, diameter, and the mean periotest values although this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a directly proportional relationship between implant characteristics and implant stability of immediately loaded implants.","PeriodicalId":212982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Implants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127255305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implant dentistry in India: Where should it head?","authors":"S. Shetty","doi":"10.4103/JDI.JDI_13_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JDI.JDI_13_18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Implants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128429272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improved skills, techniques and materials, case selections and proved designs have witnessed higher rates of success and survivals of osteointegration with dental implants. But prosthesis failures especially mechanical types have been constantly reported. These prostheses have been secured to the integrated implants with cement or screws. Controversies are rife in literature regarding the choice of retention. This review article provides an overview of the various clinical aspects, abutment designs and materials and procedures used, which contribute to selection of type of retention whether screw or cement and highlighting their clinical significance. The clinician can then use these information for optimizing the retention in an given clinical condition and minimize the risk of complications.
{"title":"Screw versus cemented implant restorations: The decision-making process","authors":"S. Jivraj","doi":"10.4103/JDI.JDI_7_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JDI.JDI_7_17","url":null,"abstract":"Improved skills, techniques and materials, case selections and proved designs have witnessed higher rates of success and survivals of osteointegration with dental implants. But prosthesis failures especially mechanical types have been constantly reported. These prostheses have been secured to the integrated implants with cement or screws. Controversies are rife in literature regarding the choice of retention. This review article provides an overview of the various clinical aspects, abutment designs and materials and procedures used, which contribute to selection of type of retention whether screw or cement and highlighting their clinical significance. The clinician can then use these information for optimizing the retention in an given clinical condition and minimize the risk of complications.","PeriodicalId":212982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Implants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122972352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Osseointegration” as formulated by Alberktson is crucial for implant survival and success. Osseointegration is a measure of implant stability. Measuring implant stability helps to arrive at decisions as to loading of an implant, allows choice of protocol on a patient to patient basis and provides better case documentation. A successful implant reflects good bone to implant contact and is determined by implant stability both primary and secondary. Implant stability is achieved at two different stages – primary (immediately after implant placement) and secondary (3-4 months after implant placement). Implant stability has been confirmed to affect the process of osseointegration and therefore is essential to understand the methods to measure implant stability and factors influencing. Various methods are developed to assess implant stability which suggests the prognosis of an implant.
{"title":"Methods to measure implant stability","authors":"V. Kastala","doi":"10.4103/JDI.JDI_7_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JDI.JDI_7_18","url":null,"abstract":"“Osseointegration” as formulated by Alberktson is crucial for implant survival and success. Osseointegration is a measure of implant stability. Measuring implant stability helps to arrive at decisions as to loading of an implant, allows choice of protocol on a patient to patient basis and provides better case documentation. A successful implant reflects good bone to implant contact and is determined by implant stability both primary and secondary. Implant stability is achieved at two different stages – primary (immediately after implant placement) and secondary (3-4 months after implant placement). Implant stability has been confirmed to affect the process of osseointegration and therefore is essential to understand the methods to measure implant stability and factors influencing. Various methods are developed to assess implant stability which suggests the prognosis of an implant.","PeriodicalId":212982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Implants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114168746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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