Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220059
Ricardo Soares, Agatha Cristinne Prudêncio Soares, Beatriz César Maestá, M. Lippi, Carlos Eduardo Soares Canejo Pinheiro da Cunha
The decomposition of the organic matter in municipal waste from landfills results in a highly polluted and toxic effluent, named sanitary landfill leachate. Due to the potential contamination for soil, groundwater and surface water bodies, the treatment of sanitary landfill leachate is essential to avoid environmental and public health damage. This study aims to evaluate the technical and environmental efficiency of reverse osmosis technology for the treatment of leachate in landfill from the Metropolitan Region of the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was observed that the raw leachate from this landfill has highly polluting, and has chemical and physicochemical characteristics typical of mature landfills, with operation older than 5 years: pH = 7.85; ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 2,473.00 mg L -1 ; BOD 2,545.84 mg L -1 and COD 4,881.81 mg L -1 , respectively. Except for only one sampling, with phenol parameter, reverse osmosis was technically and environmentally efficient in mitigating pollutants present in the raw sanitary landfill leachate with excellent removal rates: E N (%) > 99%; E BOD (%) > 98%, and E COD (%) > 99%. After reverse osmosis treatment, the treated leachate was respecting Brazilian legislation and could be released into the local stream. During reverse osmosis treatment of 120 m 3 day -1 of leachate, prevented 107.84 kg year -1 of N from being released into nature; 110.95 kg year -1 of BOD, and 211.70 kg year -1 of COD, avoiding eutrophication from nearby rivers that inevitably flow into Guanabara Bay. It becomes a promising technology to face the impacts that pressure the Planetary Boundaries in the Anthropocene.
来自垃圾填埋场的城市垃圾中的有机物的分解产生高度污染和有毒的流出物，称为卫生垃圾填埋场渗滤液。由于对土壤、地下水和地表水的潜在污染，卫生填埋场渗滤液的处理对于避免环境和公共健康损害至关重要。本研究旨在评估反渗透技术处理巴西里约热内卢大都会区垃圾填埋场渗滤液的技术和环境效率。结果表明:该填埋场的原渗滤液具有高污染性，具有运行5年以上的成熟填埋场的化学和物理化学特征:pH = 7.85;氨氮浓度2,473.00 mg L -1;BOD分别为2,545.84 mg L -1和4,881.81 mg L -1。除一次采样外，在苯酚参数下，反渗透在技术上和环境上都是有效的，可以减轻卫生垃圾渗滤液中存在的污染物，去除率优异:E N (%) > 99%;E COD (%) > 98%， E COD(%) > 99%。经反渗透处理后的渗滤液符合巴西法律，可排入当地河流。反渗透处理渗滤液120 m 3 d -1时，防止107.84 kg N -1向自然释放;BOD为110.95 kg /年，COD为211.70 kg /年，避免了附近河流不可避免地流入瓜纳巴拉湾的富营养化。它成为一项有前途的技术，以面对人类世对地球边界的压力。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis in the Treatment of Sanitary Landfill Leachate in the Metropolitan Region of the Rio de Janeiro","authors":"Ricardo Soares, Agatha Cristinne Prudêncio Soares, Beatriz César Maestá, M. Lippi, Carlos Eduardo Soares Canejo Pinheiro da Cunha","doi":"10.21577/1984-6835.20220059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20220059","url":null,"abstract":"The decomposition of the organic matter in municipal waste from landfills results in a highly polluted and toxic effluent, named sanitary landfill leachate. Due to the potential contamination for soil, groundwater and surface water bodies, the treatment of sanitary landfill leachate is essential to avoid environmental and public health damage. This study aims to evaluate the technical and environmental efficiency of reverse osmosis technology for the treatment of leachate in landfill from the Metropolitan Region of the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was observed that the raw leachate from this landfill has highly polluting, and has chemical and physicochemical characteristics typical of mature landfills, with operation older than 5 years: pH = 7.85; ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 2,473.00 mg L -1 ; BOD 2,545.84 mg L -1 and COD 4,881.81 mg L -1 , respectively. Except for only one sampling, with phenol parameter, reverse osmosis was technically and environmentally efficient in mitigating pollutants present in the raw sanitary landfill leachate with excellent removal rates: E N (%) > 99%; E BOD (%) > 98%, and E COD (%) > 99%. After reverse osmosis treatment, the treated leachate was respecting Brazilian legislation and could be released into the local stream. During reverse osmosis treatment of 120 m 3 day -1 of leachate, prevented 107.84 kg year -1 of N from being released into nature; 110.95 kg year -1 of BOD, and 211.70 kg year -1 of COD, avoiding eutrophication from nearby rivers that inevitably flow into Guanabara Bay. It becomes a promising technology to face the impacts that pressure the Planetary Boundaries in the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":21315,"journal":{"name":"Revista Virtual de Química","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77263217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220088
Isabela C. Penna, Tarcísio S. Martins, João V. W. Silveira
Mineral exploitation is an important activity and, due to its complexity, presents many issues related to environmental, economical and social aspects. The presence of heavy metals over the process is one of the most concerning problems to the environment and health. The releasing of residues containing such elements can be minimized properly with the use of new technologies. This study focuses on the application of electrospinning technology in order to produce nanoscaled structures, based on a systematic literature review. The use of this technique allows the production of very innovative materials, based on poly(acrylonitrile) or chitosan, for example. They act as adsorbent for heavy metals in wastewater treatment. Some of the advantages are related to the high specific surface area and the ability to modify the matrix structure, by functionalization or adding specific materials. In conclusion, it is possible to confirm its potential application in the mining industry, as a tertiary process on the wastewater treatment to remove diverse heavy metals.
{"title":"Electrospun Fibers Applied on Heavy Metals Removal from Mining Wastewaters: a Systematic Review","authors":"Isabela C. Penna, Tarcísio S. Martins, João V. W. Silveira","doi":"10.21577/1984-6835.20220088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20220088","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral exploitation is an important activity and, due to its complexity, presents many issues related to environmental, economical and social aspects. The presence of heavy metals over the process is one of the most concerning problems to the environment and health. The releasing of residues containing such elements can be minimized properly with the use of new technologies. This study focuses on the application of electrospinning technology in order to produce nanoscaled structures, based on a systematic literature review. The use of this technique allows the production of very innovative materials, based on poly(acrylonitrile) or chitosan, for example. They act as adsorbent for heavy metals in wastewater treatment. Some of the advantages are related to the high specific surface area and the ability to modify the matrix structure, by functionalization or adding specific materials. In conclusion, it is possible to confirm its potential application in the mining industry, as a tertiary process on the wastewater treatment to remove diverse heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":21315,"journal":{"name":"Revista Virtual de Química","volume":"48 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76925113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220004
Liliane Cristina Battirola, Grazielle de Oliveira Setti, Diana Rodriguez Linares, Brenda Santana de Almeida, Marciana Pierina Uliana, Caroline da Costa Silva Goncalves
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220101
Araceli J. Silva, Priscilla J. Zambiazi, Paulo V. R. Gomes, J. Nandenha, Camila M. Godoi, Rodrigo F. B. de Souza, Almir O. Neto, Nathália F. B. Azeredo
The application of solid electrolyte reactors for methane oxidation and energy co-generation is attractive, especially with the use of catalysts synthesized from noble metals such as palladium. In this work, we prepared three different compositions of palladium on carbon support to evaluate the composition that had the greatest potential for energy generation. Catalysts in the proportions of 5, 10 and 20% of Pd/C were tested for the conversion of greenhouse gases into organic molecules of higher added value using electrochemical fuel cell solid electrolyte reactors. The focus of this work was the conversion of methane into methanol, using the fuel cell as a reactor and the commercial Pd/C as electrocatalyst. The electrocatalysts were tested at the anode, analyzed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and their activities verified by experiments with rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE). Higher levels of palladium (Pd/C 20%) favored obtaining electrical power, and the intermediate composition (Pd/C 10%) showed a greater production of less oxidized compounds, such as methanol, in addition to generating electricity. Palavras-chaves: Oxidação de metano; catalisadores de paládio; célula a combustível.
固体电解质反应器在甲烷氧化和能源热电联产中的应用是有吸引力的，特别是使用钯等贵金属合成的催化剂。在这项工作中，我们在碳载体上制备了三种不同的钯成分，以评估具有最大能源潜力的成分。采用电化学燃料电池固体电解质反应器，测试了5、10和20% Pd/C比例的催化剂将温室气体转化为高附加值的有机分子。这项工作的重点是将甲烷转化为甲醇，使用燃料电池作为反应器，商用Pd/C作为电催化剂。对所制备的电催化剂进行了阳极测试、红外光谱分析和旋转环形圆盘电极(RRDE)实验。较高水平的钯(Pd/C 20%)有利于获得电力，中间成分(Pd/C 10%)除了发电外，还显示出更少氧化的化合物(如甲醇)的产量。Palavras-chaves: oxida o de metano;Catalisadores de paládio;canala combustível。
{"title":"Conversion of Methane to Methanol with Co-Generation of Electricity from Palladium Catalysts Supported in Carbon","authors":"Araceli J. Silva, Priscilla J. Zambiazi, Paulo V. R. Gomes, J. Nandenha, Camila M. Godoi, Rodrigo F. B. de Souza, Almir O. Neto, Nathália F. B. Azeredo","doi":"10.21577/1984-6835.20220101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20220101","url":null,"abstract":"The application of solid electrolyte reactors for methane oxidation and energy co-generation is attractive, especially with the use of catalysts synthesized from noble metals such as palladium. In this work, we prepared three different compositions of palladium on carbon support to evaluate the composition that had the greatest potential for energy generation. Catalysts in the proportions of 5, 10 and 20% of Pd/C were tested for the conversion of greenhouse gases into organic molecules of higher added value using electrochemical fuel cell solid electrolyte reactors. The focus of this work was the conversion of methane into methanol, using the fuel cell as a reactor and the commercial Pd/C as electrocatalyst. The electrocatalysts were tested at the anode, analyzed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and their activities verified by experiments with rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE). Higher levels of palladium (Pd/C 20%) favored obtaining electrical power, and the intermediate composition (Pd/C 10%) showed a greater production of less oxidized compounds, such as methanol, in addition to generating electricity. Palavras-chaves: Oxidação de metano; catalisadores de paládio; célula a combustível.","PeriodicalId":21315,"journal":{"name":"Revista Virtual de Química","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82100632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220025
Ricardo Soares, Victor Oliveira Santos, Carlos Eduardo Soares Canejo Pinheiro da Cunha, Cleyton Martins da Silva, G. Arbilla, Wilson Machado
Coffee is the second most consumed beverage in the world and an important international agricultural commodity, but the increasing use of single-serve coffee machines has led to major environmental concerns, as they produce non-biodegradable solid waste called technofossils, which are considered anthropogenic markers of the technosphere in the Anthropocene. Currently, Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer and the second largest consumer of this beverage. In this study, we evaluated the production of solid waste (biodegradable and technofossil) by the three most commonly used coffee preparation methods in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic: the "Brazilian coffee brewing method" (with cloth filter), electric coffee machine (with paper filter) and machines using single-serve Keurig Cups (R) (K-Cups). K-Cups produce a total waste mass 56% and 42% higher than those generated by the methods using the "Brazilian coffee brewing method" and the electric coffee machine, respectively. The K-Cups produce about 10 times more technofossil waste than the other two methods, but have a nearly equal distribution among all their generated waste (biodegradable: 50.5% and technofossil waste: 49.5%), with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the "Brazilian coffee brewing method" and the one using an electric coffee machine, basically produce biodegradable solid waste, predominantly 93.5% for the "Brazilian coffee brewing method" and 84.0% for the one using an electric coffee machine, respectively. The technofossil residues generated mainly by the method that uses K-Cups are difficult to recycle, which poses increasing environmental risks if these solid residues are inadequately treated in the environment. This fact is worrisome, since during the COVID-19 pandemic a significant increase in the generation of municipal solid waste (>10%) was observed, as well as a significant increase in coffee consumption in Brazilian and worldwide households.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Generation of Technofossils by Different Coffee Brewing Methods During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ricardo Soares, Victor Oliveira Santos, Carlos Eduardo Soares Canejo Pinheiro da Cunha, Cleyton Martins da Silva, G. Arbilla, Wilson Machado","doi":"10.21577/1984-6835.20220025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20220025","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee is the second most consumed beverage in the world and an important international agricultural commodity, but the increasing use of single-serve coffee machines has led to major environmental concerns, as they produce non-biodegradable solid waste called technofossils, which are considered anthropogenic markers of the technosphere in the Anthropocene. Currently, Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer and the second largest consumer of this beverage. In this study, we evaluated the production of solid waste (biodegradable and technofossil) by the three most commonly used coffee preparation methods in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic: the \"Brazilian coffee brewing method\" (with cloth filter), electric coffee machine (with paper filter) and machines using single-serve Keurig Cups (R) (K-Cups). K-Cups produce a total waste mass 56% and 42% higher than those generated by the methods using the \"Brazilian coffee brewing method\" and the electric coffee machine, respectively. The K-Cups produce about 10 times more technofossil waste than the other two methods, but have a nearly equal distribution among all their generated waste (biodegradable: 50.5% and technofossil waste: 49.5%), with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the \"Brazilian coffee brewing method\" and the one using an electric coffee machine, basically produce biodegradable solid waste, predominantly 93.5% for the \"Brazilian coffee brewing method\" and 84.0% for the one using an electric coffee machine, respectively. The technofossil residues generated mainly by the method that uses K-Cups are difficult to recycle, which poses increasing environmental risks if these solid residues are inadequately treated in the environment. This fact is worrisome, since during the COVID-19 pandemic a significant increase in the generation of municipal solid waste (>10%) was observed, as well as a significant increase in coffee consumption in Brazilian and worldwide households.","PeriodicalId":21315,"journal":{"name":"Revista Virtual de Química","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82114905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220044
Santos Alves Vicentini Neto, Lisia Maria Gobbo dos Santos, Cristiane Barata Silva, Mayssa Andrade Fonseca, Carolina Duque Magalhães, Silvana do Couto Jacob
The disorderly growth of cities has caused an environmental pollution problem. Recent studies show concern about the emission and deposition of metals in urban centers, thus, there is a risk of population contamination by elements that are proven harmful to health, such as As, Cd, Pb and Hg. The control of human contamination is done through products intended for human consumption, there is no population biomonitoring program, which could be an instrument to guide measures to prevent and promote collective health. Since human blood is an important biomarker and the analytical validation is one of the main instruments of quality assurance, this study intends to optimize and to validate an analytical methodology for determination of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in blood. Analyzes were performed in the INCQS and the quantification technique was ICP-MS. Accuracy, as assessed by the recovery test, was between 80-120% and a maximum deviation of 10%. All validation parameters presented values consistent with those established by INMETRO in the concentration range studied. The analytical methodology has been shown to be sensitive, specific, linear in the working range and good accuracy and precision were achieved, being adequate to quantify these elements in blood samples.
{"title":"Optimization and Validation of an analytical methodology for the Determination of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in Blood Matrix by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)","authors":"Santos Alves Vicentini Neto, Lisia Maria Gobbo dos Santos, Cristiane Barata Silva, Mayssa Andrade Fonseca, Carolina Duque Magalhães, Silvana do Couto Jacob","doi":"10.21577/1984-6835.20220044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20220044","url":null,"abstract":"The disorderly growth of cities has caused an environmental pollution problem. Recent studies show concern about the emission and deposition of metals in urban centers, thus, there is a risk of population contamination by elements that are proven harmful to health, such as As, Cd, Pb and Hg. The control of human contamination is done through products intended for human consumption, there is no population biomonitoring program, which could be an instrument to guide measures to prevent and promote collective health. Since human blood is an important biomarker and the analytical validation is one of the main instruments of quality assurance, this study intends to optimize and to validate an analytical methodology for determination of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in blood. Analyzes were performed in the INCQS and the quantification technique was ICP-MS. Accuracy, as assessed by the recovery test, was between 80-120% and a maximum deviation of 10%. All validation parameters presented values consistent with those established by INMETRO in the concentration range studied. The analytical methodology has been shown to be sensitive, specific, linear in the working range and good accuracy and precision were achieved, being adequate to quantify these elements in blood samples.","PeriodicalId":21315,"journal":{"name":"Revista Virtual de Química","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87553437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220068
C. Rodrigues de Paula, Regina Fonsêca de Almeida, João Victor Meirelles Leite
A method for simple and rapid determination of nickel from topical repellents by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) through direct introduction of the samples in the form of emulsion is proposed in this work. The method was optimized by evaluating the influence of several variables such as the mass of sample, concentration and nature of the acid, sonication time employed in the procedure and emulsion stability. The curves of pyrolysis and atomization were constructed in order to evaluate the effect of the possible chemical interference. The optimized conditions were achieved when 500 mg of the sample in 5 mL of aqueous solution of 0.1 mol L −1 HNO 3 and 0.1 mol L −1 sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the analytical signals remained stable until 55 min, without statistically significant variation in the signal. The developed method was applied in the determination of nickel in three samples of topical repellents and the results were compared with those obtained by acid digestion. There was no statistical difference between the obtained values at 95% confidence level when a paired Student t-test was applied.
本文提出了用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)快速测定外用驱蚊剂中镍的方法，该方法直接以乳液形式引入样品。通过对样品质量、酸的浓度和性质、超声时间和乳状液稳定性等因素的影响进行了优化。建立了热解和雾化曲线，以评价可能的化学干扰对热解和雾化的影响。优化条件为500 mg样品在5 mL 0.1 mol L−1 hno3和0.1 mol L−1十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的水溶液中，分析信号保持稳定至55 min，信号变化无统计学意义。将所建立的方法应用于三种外用驱虫剂样品中镍的测定，并与酸消化法测定结果进行了比较。采用配对学生t检验时，所得值在95%置信水平上无统计学差异。
{"title":"Determination of Nickel in Topical Repellents by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Through Direct Emulsion Injection","authors":"C. Rodrigues de Paula, Regina Fonsêca de Almeida, João Victor Meirelles Leite","doi":"10.21577/1984-6835.20220068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20220068","url":null,"abstract":"A method for simple and rapid determination of nickel from topical repellents by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) through direct introduction of the samples in the form of emulsion is proposed in this work. The method was optimized by evaluating the influence of several variables such as the mass of sample, concentration and nature of the acid, sonication time employed in the procedure and emulsion stability. The curves of pyrolysis and atomization were constructed in order to evaluate the effect of the possible chemical interference. The optimized conditions were achieved when 500 mg of the sample in 5 mL of aqueous solution of 0.1 mol L −1 HNO 3 and 0.1 mol L −1 sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the analytical signals remained stable until 55 min, without statistically significant variation in the signal. The developed method was applied in the determination of nickel in three samples of topical repellents and the results were compared with those obtained by acid digestion. There was no statistical difference between the obtained values at 95% confidence level when a paired Student t-test was applied.","PeriodicalId":21315,"journal":{"name":"Revista Virtual de Química","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88702184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：