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Municipal Solid Waste as Source of Renewable Energy in Brazil: Current Overview and Future Perspectives 巴西城市固体废物作为可再生能源的来源:当前概况和未来展望
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20210093
Karen de Souza do Prado, Christian Cuello Barrios, Anderson Pires Fernandes, Jane Maria Faulstich de Paiva
that at least 65% of MSW have potential for energy reuse. The wet waste includes biomass (51.7%) and polymeric waste (13.5%). The analyzed studies revealed great concern with the management of MSW, mainly in the southeastern region of the country, and that the energy reuse of MSW through the techniques of incineration, biodigestion and gasification shows great economic and environmental potential. Despite the significant amount of available MSW, greater attention must be paid to this renewable energy source in order to make it a representative part in the Brazilian energy matrix.
至少65%的城市生活垃圾具有能源再利用的潜力。湿废物包括生物质(51.7%)和聚合物废物(13.5%)。经分析的研究表明,主要在该国东南部地区,人们对城市生活垃圾的管理非常关注,通过焚烧、生物消化和气化技术对城市生活垃圾进行能源再利用显示出巨大的经济和环境潜力。尽管可利用的都市固体废物数量很大,但必须更加重视这种可再生能源,以便使其成为巴西能源矩阵中具有代表性的部分。
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引用次数: 2
A Chemical Approach on Drugs that are Under Evaluation as Potential COVID-19’s Treatment 新冠肺炎潜在治疗药物评估的化学方法
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220061
Jessica S. Pizzo, Patricia D. S. Santos, Carlos R. Senes, Victor H. M. Cruz, Patrícia M. Souza, Matheus C. de Castro, Oscar O. Santos-Junior, Jesuí V. Visentainer
A novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is a public health emergency of international concern since this infection spreads quickly through human-to-human transmission. Several drugs are being studied by researchers worldwide as an effective antiviral agent against this coronavirus. Therefore, most studies are focusing on drugs that have been already used earlier on the treatment of other diseases. Therapies under investigation include azithromycin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and favipiravir. Remdesivir is the only Food and Drug Administrationapproved drug for the use in adult and pediatric patients (>12 years old) for the treatment of this disease requiring hospitalization. In this context, the present review summarizes information about these drugs highlighting the chemical standpoint, such as physical-chemical and molecular characteristics, toxicity, history, and main applications, since knowledge about these substances is essential to assist the search for an appropriate treatment.
新型SARS-CoV-2冠状病毒是导致COVID-19的病毒,是国际关注的突发公共卫生事件,因为这种感染通过人际传播迅速传播。世界各地的研究人员正在研究几种药物,作为对抗这种冠状病毒的有效抗病毒药物。因此,大多数研究都集中在早期已经用于治疗其他疾病的药物上。正在研究的治疗方法包括阿奇霉素、氯喹、羟氯喹、瑞德西韦、洛匹那韦/利托那韦和法匹拉韦。Remdesivir是美国食品和药物管理局(fda)唯一批准用于成人和儿童患者(>12岁)治疗这种需要住院治疗的疾病的药物。在此背景下,本综述总结了这些药物的信息,强调化学观点,如物理化学和分子特性,毒性,历史和主要应用,因为了解这些物质对于帮助寻找适当的治疗是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 0
Bioactive Natural Products from the Symbiotic Association of Bees and Bacteria 来自蜜蜂和细菌共生协会的生物活性天然产物
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20230011
Carolina A. de Oliveira, Gabriela Toninato de Paula, M. Pupo
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引用次数: 0
Application of Agricultural Waste from Main Brazilian Crops as Adsorbent for Wastewater Treatment 巴西主要作物农业废弃物吸附剂在废水处理中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20230017
Kaline C. Vasconcelos, Sabryna G. Alencar, Daniele V. Vich, Leonardo M. T. M. Oliveira, Vanderson B. Bernardo, José Leandro da S. Duarte
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Powdered Chia Mucilage as an Iron Ore Dust Suppressor and Use of Chia Oil, Unfit for Consumption, in the Production of Biodiesel 奇亚籽浆液粉末状铁矿抑尘剂的评价及不宜消费的奇亚籽油在生物柴油生产中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220072
Lucas de Almeida Gama, C. Spadetto, Carla Santana Francisco, Sergio Henriques Saraiva, Eloi Alves da Silva Filho
) is a plant that allows the use of co-products and by-products. For mucilage, the influence of conventional and spray drying on the effectiveness of iron ore dust suppression was studied, and for the oil, unfit for consumption, the production of biodiesel was evaluated. Dust suppression was verified in a rail transport simulator with powdered mucilages solubilized in water and there was no difference in effectiveness, demonstrating that powder trading is possible, which can reduce the costs of trading the dust suppressor. It is noteworthy that the spray-dried mucilage solubilizes more quickly. Expired chia oil and oil outside the standards of ANVISA IN 87/2021 produce biodiesel in accordance with ANP standards, but with water above the recommended level, requiring improvements in its removal. Biomass studies without mucilage and oil will be important to evaluate this co-product / by-product.
)是一种允许使用副产品和副产品的工厂。对矿渣进行了常规干燥和喷雾干燥对矿渣抑尘效果的影响,对矿渣中不适合消费的矿渣进行了生物柴油生产评价。在轨道交通模拟器上对粉末状胶浆的抑尘效果进行了验证,结果表明,粉末状胶浆可溶于水,抑尘效果无显著差异,表明粉末交易是可行的,可以降低交易抑尘剂的成本。值得注意的是,喷雾干燥的黏液溶解更快。过期的奇亚油和不符合ANVISA IN 87/2021标准的油可以按照ANP标准生产生物柴油,但其含水量高于建议水平,需要改进其去除。没有粘液和油的生物质研究对于评估这种副产物/副产物将是重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Proteins with Intrinsic Disorder from the DisProt Database: Concepts, Biological Importance and Peculiar Characteristics 从DisProt数据库中评价具有内在紊乱的蛋白质:概念、生物学重要性和特有特性
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220008
Stephanny M. Alves de Souza, Theo L. F. de Souza
The intrinsic disorder (ID) consists of a feature present in an extensive group of proteins in its totality (IDPs) or only in regions (IDRs). Such feature provides a series of peculiar behaviors that differs from those presented for globular proteins. They are characterized by the absence of a well-defined tridimensional structure, owning high flexibility and conformational entropy, which enables a structural plasticity. In this work, we perform an investigation of different issues involving proteins with ID available in the DisProt database, as well as an extensive literature search to gather information that can help to expand the knowledge about this important group of proteins. Proteins with ID are observed in all kingdoms of life from the simplest to the most complex organisms, where they become more present. They participate of the most diverse biological process, acting mainly in process involving signaling, where the ability to adopt different conformations and bind to different partners becomes fundamental. The ID in proteins is also responsible for the development of diseases and its peculiar structural features bring with them the challenge of developing drugs able to act in these proteins. Different techniques can be applied to analyze structural features presented by these proteins, such as the absence or low structural content, possibility of structural gain, large volume, high solvent exposure and flexibility. With this work, we seek to bring a set of information from the most varied topics involving proteins with ID that can help in the theme disclosure.
内在失调(ID)由一组广泛存在于其整体(IDPs)或仅在区域(IDRs)中的特征组成。这种特征提供了一系列不同于球状蛋白的特殊行为。它们的特点是没有明确的三维结构,具有很高的灵活性和构象熵,从而使结构具有可塑性。在这项工作中,我们对DisProt数据库中含有ID的蛋白质的不同问题进行了调查,并进行了广泛的文献检索,以收集有助于扩展对这一重要蛋白质组的了解的信息。从最简单的生物到最复杂的生物,在所有的生物王国中都可以观察到具有ID的蛋白质。它们参与最多样化的生物过程,主要在信号传导过程中起作用,在这个过程中,采用不同构象和与不同伙伴结合的能力变得至关重要。蛋白质中的ID也负责疾病的发展,其独特的结构特征给开发能够在这些蛋白质中起作用的药物带来了挑战。可以使用不同的技术来分析这些蛋白质所呈现的结构特征,如缺乏或低结构含量,结构增益的可能性,大体积,高溶剂暴露和灵活性。通过这项工作,我们试图从最不同的主题中获取一组信息,这些信息涉及具有ID的蛋白质,可以帮助主题披露。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds Potential as an Adsorbent Material for Soybean Oil Bleaching 辣木的评价。种子作为大豆油漂白吸附材料的潜力
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220006
Patrícia M. Souza, Marília B. Galuch, Ana P. Lopes, Jessica S. Pizzo, Matheus C. Castro, Victor H. M. da Cruz, Paulo R. Souza, Deiviti F. Impossetto, Rubia M. Suzuki, Jesuí V. Visentainer
During the refining process of vegetable oils, the removal of pigments occurs in the bleaching stage, in which oil-adsorbent agents are used. Although various types of adsorbent materials are commercially available, alternative bleaching agents are being constantly investigated to increase the efficiency of this step. This work used seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. in natura and in the form of activated charcoal to remove chlorophyll from soybean oil. The techniques used for this purpose were infrared with Fourier transform (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), chlorophyll by ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, titratable acidity, gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), and direct infusion by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in positive ion mode (ESI(+)-MS). The results obtained showed that the defatted seeds of Moringa did not have the potential to remove chlorophyll from the oil. Activated charcoal produced from seeds, on the other hand, was effective as a bleaching agent, removing 97.53% of the chlorophyll content of the treated soybean oil. Besides, the use of coal obtained from Moringa seeds did not significantly change the composition of fatty acids, therefore, the use of coal as Moringa seeds is indicated. As a result, the activated charcoal from Moringa seeds has the potential to be used during the refining process of soybean oil.
在植物油精制过程中,色素的去除发生在漂白阶段,在漂白阶段使用吸附剂。尽管市面上有各种各样的吸附剂,但为了提高这一步骤的效率,人们正在不断研究替代漂白剂。这项工作使用了辣木的种子。在自然界中以活性炭的形式去除大豆油中的叶绿素。用于此目的的技术包括傅里叶变换红外(FTIR),热重分析(TGA),紫外可见(UV-VIS)光谱叶绿素分析(UV-VIS),可滴定酸度,火焰电离检测器气相色谱(GC-FID),以及正离子模式电喷雾电离质谱直接输注(ESI(+)-MS)。结果表明,脱脂的辣木种子不具有去除油中叶绿素的潜力。另一方面,由种子制备的活性炭作为漂白剂是有效的,去除了处理过的大豆油中97.53%的叶绿素含量。此外,使用从辣木籽中提取的煤对脂肪酸的组成没有明显的影响,因此,建议使用煤作为辣木籽。结果表明,辣木籽活性炭具有在豆油精制过程中应用的潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Revisiting Forbidden Drugs: Chemical and Pharmacological Perspectives Over Psychedelic Indoleamines and Entactogens as Promising Therapeutic Agents 重新审视违禁药物:从化学和药理学的角度看致幻剂吲哚胺和Entactogens是有前途的治疗药物
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220053
João Pedro Evangelista Ferreira, Stella Bortoli, Airton Vicente Pereira
Depression and anxiety disorders are a major challenge for modern psychiatry, especially when shown to be resistant to conventional means of treatment. Over the past decade, psychedelic and entactogen substances, once stigmatized, have regained an ever-growing momentum as potential therapeutic agents for these disorders. The present study offers a review and comparison of the pharmacological and molecular aspects of psychedelic indoleamines and entactogen substances that demonstrate potential to become novel drugs in the field of psychiatry and as psychotherapy adjuvants. The analysis of the presented aspects allows for the contemplation of molecular design strategies for novel drugs with desirable pharmacological profiles.
抑郁症和焦虑症是现代精神病学面临的主要挑战,尤其是在表现出对传统治疗手段有抗药性的情况下。在过去的十年中,致幻剂和致幻剂物质,曾经被污名化,作为这些疾病的潜在治疗剂,重新获得了不断增长的势头。目前的研究提供了一个回顾和比较的药理学和分子方面的致幻剂吲哚胺和致幻物质,显示出潜力,成为精神病学领域的新型药物和心理治疗佐剂。所提出的方面的分析允许考虑分子设计策略的新药与理想的药理学概况。
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引用次数: 1
OSMAC Strategy: An Affordable Method for the Discovery of New Microbial Compounds OSMAC策略:发现新的微生物化合物的一种经济实惠的方法
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220041
Raissa Rezende Ferreira, Jacqueline Santos Cruz, L. Hamerski
Natural products from microbial origin have always been an abundant source of structurally diversified secondary metabolites, which have been used in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and food industries. Furthermore, the biotechnological potential of microorganisms is huge however, the quickness to discover new bioactive secondary metabolites has been slowing down due to the use of the same conventional cultivation and isolation procedures. Genomic studies have been shown of the secondary metabolites production on microorganisms is underestimated, there are many essential gene clusters for the biosynthesis of different classes of compounds, but they are silenced under cultivation conditions. Thus, new approaches were developed to improve the production of new bioactive metabolites by activating the silenced genes. The OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds) strategy has been a simple and effective approach to activate new metabolic pathways, and consequently the synthesis of new secondary metabolites. Thus, the paper briefly presents the main concepts of the OSMAC strategy to induce the production of secondary metabolites that are not expressed in conventional laboratory culture conditions, and thus favour the discovery of new microbial natural products.
微生物来源的天然产物一直是结构多样的次生代谢物的丰富来源,已在制药、农化和食品工业中得到广泛应用。此外,微生物的生物技术潜力是巨大的,然而,由于使用相同的传统培养和分离程序,发现新的生物活性次级代谢物的速度已经放缓。基因组学研究表明,微生物次生代谢物的产生被低估了,不同种类化合物的生物合成有许多必需的基因簇,但它们在培养条件下被沉默。因此,人们开发了新的方法,通过激活沉默基因来提高新的生物活性代谢物的产生。OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds)策略是一种简单有效的方法,可以激活新的代谢途径,从而合成新的次生代谢产物。因此,本文简要介绍了OSMAC策略的主要概念,以诱导在常规实验室培养条件下不表达的次级代谢物的产生,从而有利于发现新的微生物天然产物。
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引用次数: 0
Natural Sources and Synthetic of 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans Derivatives: A Recent Approach 2,3-二氢苯并呋喃衍生物的天然来源及合成研究进展
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21577/1984-6835.20220139
Pâmella Silva Cordeiro, Amanda Rebelo, Victor Hugo Menezes Costa, Joel S. Reis, Vanessa Nascimento
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引用次数: 0
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Revista Virtual de Química
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