Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20230028
Bruna Almeida da Silva, J. L. Nogueira, T. B. Michelon, E. S. N. Vieira, Maristela Panobianco
- G iven the recalcitrant nature of peach palm seeds, which results in high sensitivity to desiccation, more effective approaches to seed quality monitoring are extremely important and justify the need to provide an ef fi cient method to determine their moisture content. For seeds which are considered to be larger (thousand seed weight > 200 g), seed preparation is required, but it is impractical owing to endocarp hardness. The objective of this work was to compare methods of evaluating the moisture content of peach palm seeds, aiming to identify an straightforward method for the species. Different seed preparation and drying methods (oven method at 105 ± 3 °C, low temperature at 103 ± 2 °C, and high temperature at 130 ± 2 °C) were tested. For all methods tested, the beginning of weighing took place after the fi rst hour, and continued until the mass of each repetition became constant for two consecutive measurements. The data were analyzed by nonlinear quadratic plateau regression to evaluate the stabilization period of water content. Thus, the oven method at 130 °C for four hours (with whole seeds) is recommended.
{"title":"Amazonian peach palm seeds methods comparation of water content determination by quadratic plateau regression","authors":"Bruna Almeida da Silva, J. L. Nogueira, T. B. Michelon, E. S. N. Vieira, Maristela Panobianco","doi":"10.5935/1806-6690.20230028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230028","url":null,"abstract":"- G iven the recalcitrant nature of peach palm seeds, which results in high sensitivity to desiccation, more effective approaches to seed quality monitoring are extremely important and justify the need to provide an ef fi cient method to determine their moisture content. For seeds which are considered to be larger (thousand seed weight > 200 g), seed preparation is required, but it is impractical owing to endocarp hardness. The objective of this work was to compare methods of evaluating the moisture content of peach palm seeds, aiming to identify an straightforward method for the species. Different seed preparation and drying methods (oven method at 105 ± 3 °C, low temperature at 103 ± 2 °C, and high temperature at 130 ± 2 °C) were tested. For all methods tested, the beginning of weighing took place after the fi rst hour, and continued until the mass of each repetition became constant for two consecutive measurements. The data were analyzed by nonlinear quadratic plateau regression to evaluate the stabilization period of water content. Thus, the oven method at 130 °C for four hours (with whole seeds) is recommended.","PeriodicalId":21359,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ciencia Agronomica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20230026
Cristiano Vasconcelos Cassiano, P. P. D. Silva, D. T. Pinheiro, D. Dias, Alexandre Augusto de Morais, W. M. Nascimento
- Plant species have different adaptation mechanisms regarding seed survival to desiccation, preventing cellular destruction during the water loss. The knowledge of these mechanisms is of great importance for the understanding of how the seed formation/maturation processes and the processes involved in germination occur. Thus, this study aimed to determine physiological and enzymatic changes during the maturation process of melon seeds of the cultivar BRS Anton, obtained from fruits at different maturation stages and subjected to post-harvest storage, by the action of total proteins and the enzymes catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Melon fruits were grown in a greenhouse at Embrapa Vegetables and harvested at five different times: 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after anthesis (DAA). Thirty fruits were harvested in each season and 15 fruits had their seeds extracted immediately after harvest and the other 15 fruits were stored for 15 days. After processing and drying, the seeds were submitted to the following analyses: germination, first count, protein profile analysis, and activity of antioxidant enzymes (total proteins, peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase). The activity of the antioxidant enzymes from 60 DAA under storage showed a more orderly behavior, reaffirming the results of physiological tests. It shows that the seeds at this point of physiological maturation are well-formed and drying caused no damage to their cell membranes.
{"title":"Study of physiological maturity of melon seeds by enzymatic changes","authors":"Cristiano Vasconcelos Cassiano, P. P. D. Silva, D. T. Pinheiro, D. Dias, Alexandre Augusto de Morais, W. M. Nascimento","doi":"10.5935/1806-6690.20230026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230026","url":null,"abstract":"- Plant species have different adaptation mechanisms regarding seed survival to desiccation, preventing cellular destruction during the water loss. The knowledge of these mechanisms is of great importance for the understanding of how the seed formation/maturation processes and the processes involved in germination occur. Thus, this study aimed to determine physiological and enzymatic changes during the maturation process of melon seeds of the cultivar BRS Anton, obtained from fruits at different maturation stages and subjected to post-harvest storage, by the action of total proteins and the enzymes catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Melon fruits were grown in a greenhouse at Embrapa Vegetables and harvested at five different times: 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after anthesis (DAA). Thirty fruits were harvested in each season and 15 fruits had their seeds extracted immediately after harvest and the other 15 fruits were stored for 15 days. After processing and drying, the seeds were submitted to the following analyses: germination, first count, protein profile analysis, and activity of antioxidant enzymes (total proteins, peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase). The activity of the antioxidant enzymes from 60 DAA under storage showed a more orderly behavior, reaffirming the results of physiological tests. It shows that the seeds at this point of physiological maturation are well-formed and drying caused no damage to their cell membranes.","PeriodicalId":21359,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ciencia Agronomica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20230032
J. R. Magalhães, A. M. Azevedo, N. R. Valadares, A. C. G. Fernandes, R. A. Alves, I. C. Freitas, L. S. D. P. Gomes, C. Costa
- In agricultural experimentation, use of the optimum plot size is an important way of increasing experimental precision; however, studies of this type are scarce for the chickpea, a legume that has been conquering both the market and consumers throughout the world. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the optimum plot size for evaluating experiments with the chickpea, in scenarios comprising combinations of the number of treatments, number of replications and levels of precision. Two blank experiments were carried out, comprising eight crop rows, 7 m in length, at a spacing of 50 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants; the six central rows were evaluated, giving a total of 60 plants per row. The index of soil heterogeneity was determined, and the optimum plot size was estimated using the Hatheway method in scenarios formed by a combination of i treatments (i = 4, 8, 12 and 16), r replications (r = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) and levels of precision (LSD = 25%, 30% and 40%). The index of soil heterogeneity was greater than 0.7 for each of the variables under evaluation. The Hatheway method makes it possible to estimate different plot sizes based on the conditions and limitations of the experimental area. In exper iments with the chickpea including 4 to 16 treatments, 25% LSD and six replications, plots of 25 basic units are suf fi cient to identify signi fi cant differences between the mean values of the treatments with a probability of 5%
{"title":"Optimum plot size and number of replications for experiments with the chickpea","authors":"J. R. Magalhães, A. M. Azevedo, N. R. Valadares, A. C. G. Fernandes, R. A. Alves, I. C. Freitas, L. S. D. P. Gomes, C. Costa","doi":"10.5935/1806-6690.20230032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230032","url":null,"abstract":"- In agricultural experimentation, use of the optimum plot size is an important way of increasing experimental precision; however, studies of this type are scarce for the chickpea, a legume that has been conquering both the market and consumers throughout the world. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the optimum plot size for evaluating experiments with the chickpea, in scenarios comprising combinations of the number of treatments, number of replications and levels of precision. Two blank experiments were carried out, comprising eight crop rows, 7 m in length, at a spacing of 50 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants; the six central rows were evaluated, giving a total of 60 plants per row. The index of soil heterogeneity was determined, and the optimum plot size was estimated using the Hatheway method in scenarios formed by a combination of i treatments (i = 4, 8, 12 and 16), r replications (r = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) and levels of precision (LSD = 25%, 30% and 40%). The index of soil heterogeneity was greater than 0.7 for each of the variables under evaluation. The Hatheway method makes it possible to estimate different plot sizes based on the conditions and limitations of the experimental area. In exper iments with the chickpea including 4 to 16 treatments, 25% LSD and six replications, plots of 25 basic units are suf fi cient to identify signi fi cant differences between the mean values of the treatments with a probability of 5%","PeriodicalId":21359,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ciencia Agronomica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20230030
G. M. Barbosa, T. Melo, Andrea Scaramal Menoncin, Arnaldo Colozzi Filho, T. S. Telles
- Conservation agriculture is fundamental for improving agricultural sustainability. However, the quality of soil management in conservation agriculture systems is highly variable. The goal of this study was to verify whether a no-tillage participatory quality index (PQI) is associated with the physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes of soil. Thus, we sought to validate its use as an indicator of soil management quality. A survey was conducted to assess the agricultural practices of farmers from the western mesoregion of the state of Paraná, Brazil to evaluate the PQI. The quality of soil management for annual crops was related to the PQI, as evidenced by its association with soil physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes. These results confirmed the usefulness of the PQI methodology as a tool for assessing the quality of soil management, demonstrating its sensitivity to short-term changes in management practices. Consequently, this may allow for the monitoring of management quality and inferences about the beneficial effects of the implemented practices.
{"title":"No-tillage participatory quality index reflects the condition of soil management","authors":"G. M. Barbosa, T. Melo, Andrea Scaramal Menoncin, Arnaldo Colozzi Filho, T. S. Telles","doi":"10.5935/1806-6690.20230030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230030","url":null,"abstract":"- Conservation agriculture is fundamental for improving agricultural sustainability. However, the quality of soil management in conservation agriculture systems is highly variable. The goal of this study was to verify whether a no-tillage participatory quality index (PQI) is associated with the physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes of soil. Thus, we sought to validate its use as an indicator of soil management quality. A survey was conducted to assess the agricultural practices of farmers from the western mesoregion of the state of Paraná, Brazil to evaluate the PQI. The quality of soil management for annual crops was related to the PQI, as evidenced by its association with soil physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes. These results confirmed the usefulness of the PQI methodology as a tool for assessing the quality of soil management, demonstrating its sensitivity to short-term changes in management practices. Consequently, this may allow for the monitoring of management quality and inferences about the beneficial effects of the implemented practices.","PeriodicalId":21359,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ciencia Agronomica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20230027
J. P. Cunha, Maria Rosa Alferes da Silva
- The use of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) has grown in agricultural spraying around the world, but there is a lack of research data to assist users in making more assertive decisions due to its recent nature. This study aimed to evaluate spray deposition in corn using an RPA DJI AGRAS-MG-1 at two application heights compared to the application using a knapsack sprayer. Sprayings were carried out in the corn crop at the phenological stage V5–V6. The experiment consisted of three treatments and eight replications, applied with an RPA at heights of 1.5 and 3.0 m and a CO 2 -pressurized knapsack sprayer. The application rate was 10 L ha − 1 for RPA and 115 L ha − 1 for the knapsack sprayer. Flat fan spray tips were used for all treatments. Tracer deposition in the corn canopy and spray loss to the soil were evaluated using spectrophotometric detection, while coverage, density, and droplet spectrum were evaluated on water-sensitive paper. Total and effective deposition swath were also evaluated for RPA. Although droplet density provided by RPA varied between 26 and 39 droplets cm − 2 , the coverage was lower than 1.3%. Application using RPA at the height of 1.5 m provided tracer deposition on corn leaves similar to that carried out with the knapsack sprayer. The increase in application height to 3.0 m promoted a reduction in the deposition. Ground spraying promoted higher spray loss to the soil. The effective deposition swath consisted of 5.7 and 7.6 m for application heights of 1.5 and 3.0 m, respectively.
{"title":"Spray deposition from a remotely piloted aircraft on the corn crop","authors":"J. P. Cunha, Maria Rosa Alferes da Silva","doi":"10.5935/1806-6690.20230027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230027","url":null,"abstract":"- The use of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) has grown in agricultural spraying around the world, but there is a lack of research data to assist users in making more assertive decisions due to its recent nature. This study aimed to evaluate spray deposition in corn using an RPA DJI AGRAS-MG-1 at two application heights compared to the application using a knapsack sprayer. Sprayings were carried out in the corn crop at the phenological stage V5–V6. The experiment consisted of three treatments and eight replications, applied with an RPA at heights of 1.5 and 3.0 m and a CO 2 -pressurized knapsack sprayer. The application rate was 10 L ha − 1 for RPA and 115 L ha − 1 for the knapsack sprayer. Flat fan spray tips were used for all treatments. Tracer deposition in the corn canopy and spray loss to the soil were evaluated using spectrophotometric detection, while coverage, density, and droplet spectrum were evaluated on water-sensitive paper. Total and effective deposition swath were also evaluated for RPA. Although droplet density provided by RPA varied between 26 and 39 droplets cm − 2 , the coverage was lower than 1.3%. Application using RPA at the height of 1.5 m provided tracer deposition on corn leaves similar to that carried out with the knapsack sprayer. The increase in application height to 3.0 m promoted a reduction in the deposition. Ground spraying promoted higher spray loss to the soil. The effective deposition swath consisted of 5.7 and 7.6 m for application heights of 1.5 and 3.0 m, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21359,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ciencia Agronomica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20230022
Jholian Maicon Ribeiro Santos, José Holanda Campelo Júnior, O. J. D. Oliveira, Jéssica Maronez de Souza
- The agro-ecological zone model (AZM-FAO) is used to describe agricultural scenarios and the impact of climate risk on crops and, when adapted, can be used to simulate the yield of forage species under adverse conditions. The study aimed to test the performance of the AZM-FAO model to simulate the yield of Urochloa humidicola grass in Mato Grosso. The model was adapted for two locations with different soil and climate conditions, with data from two experiments (E1 and E2). The morphophysiological variables of the pastures, the physical-hydric variables of the soil, and the meteorological data of the experimental period were analyzed. The model calibration was based on changes in the yield response coef fi cient to water (Ky) and the minimization of deviations between simulated and observed data. The model presented a satisfactory performance for the two analyzed locations. In experiment E1, the RMSE was 29.86% (acceptable), and the c index was 0.86 (optimal) in the calibration phase, maintaining the same results in the validation. In E2, there was an improvement in the performance of the model, with RMSE and c index going from 30.74% (poor) and 0.84 (very good) in the calibration to 17.50% (good) and 0.92 (very good) in the validation step, respectively. The AZM-FAO model adapted for Urochloa humidicola grass can be used with good accuracy to simulate the forage yield of this forage in the southern region of Mato Grosso
{"title":"Adaptation, calibration, and validation of the agro-ecological zone model for Urochloa humidicola pastures1","authors":"Jholian Maicon Ribeiro Santos, José Holanda Campelo Júnior, O. J. D. Oliveira, Jéssica Maronez de Souza","doi":"10.5935/1806-6690.20230022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230022","url":null,"abstract":"- The agro-ecological zone model (AZM-FAO) is used to describe agricultural scenarios and the impact of climate risk on crops and, when adapted, can be used to simulate the yield of forage species under adverse conditions. The study aimed to test the performance of the AZM-FAO model to simulate the yield of Urochloa humidicola grass in Mato Grosso. The model was adapted for two locations with different soil and climate conditions, with data from two experiments (E1 and E2). The morphophysiological variables of the pastures, the physical-hydric variables of the soil, and the meteorological data of the experimental period were analyzed. The model calibration was based on changes in the yield response coef fi cient to water (Ky) and the minimization of deviations between simulated and observed data. The model presented a satisfactory performance for the two analyzed locations. In experiment E1, the RMSE was 29.86% (acceptable), and the c index was 0.86 (optimal) in the calibration phase, maintaining the same results in the validation. In E2, there was an improvement in the performance of the model, with RMSE and c index going from 30.74% (poor) and 0.84 (very good) in the calibration to 17.50% (good) and 0.92 (very good) in the validation step, respectively. The AZM-FAO model adapted for Urochloa humidicola grass can be used with good accuracy to simulate the forage yield of this forage in the southern region of Mato Grosso","PeriodicalId":21359,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ciencia Agronomica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20230024
Patrícia Cândido da Cruz Silva, B. Zanatto, R. D. Paula
- Environmental in fl uences and genetic variability can promote, within the same species, variations between plants with intrinsic traits to the seeds. This work aimed at investigating the divergence among Handroanthus serratifolius mother trees from traits related to the physiological quality of seeds. Seeds collected from 13 mother trees were submitted to tests germination, electrical conductivity (EC), cold, controlled deterioration, and accelerated aging. Five replications of 50 and 25 seeds each were used for the cold test and other tests, respectively. The average data per mother tree were submitted to cluster analysis by the methods of Ward, k-means, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The mother trees were grouped into 4 clusters by the Ward’s and K-means methods, and con fi rmed by the PCA, but with varying cluster compositions. Cluster 2 grouped the mother trees with lower seed quality as demonstrated by the lowest values for most of the evaluated traits, but the highest EC and the second-highest value for the germination uncertainty index. On the other hand, cluster 4 grouped the mother trees with better seed quality. Of the 22 evaluated traits, eight are probably suitable for discarding due to their little contribution to the original variability. The results of the different clustering methods indicate signi fi cant differences between the mother trees regarding the physiological quality of seeds, showing that these parameters may be used to guide breeding programs aiming to produce high-quality seeds and seedlings of H. serratifolius .
{"title":"Divergence among mother trees of Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S. O. Grose regarding seed quality traits1","authors":"Patrícia Cândido da Cruz Silva, B. Zanatto, R. D. Paula","doi":"10.5935/1806-6690.20230024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230024","url":null,"abstract":"- Environmental in fl uences and genetic variability can promote, within the same species, variations between plants with intrinsic traits to the seeds. This work aimed at investigating the divergence among Handroanthus serratifolius mother trees from traits related to the physiological quality of seeds. Seeds collected from 13 mother trees were submitted to tests germination, electrical conductivity (EC), cold, controlled deterioration, and accelerated aging. Five replications of 50 and 25 seeds each were used for the cold test and other tests, respectively. The average data per mother tree were submitted to cluster analysis by the methods of Ward, k-means, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The mother trees were grouped into 4 clusters by the Ward’s and K-means methods, and con fi rmed by the PCA, but with varying cluster compositions. Cluster 2 grouped the mother trees with lower seed quality as demonstrated by the lowest values for most of the evaluated traits, but the highest EC and the second-highest value for the germination uncertainty index. On the other hand, cluster 4 grouped the mother trees with better seed quality. Of the 22 evaluated traits, eight are probably suitable for discarding due to their little contribution to the original variability. The results of the different clustering methods indicate signi fi cant differences between the mother trees regarding the physiological quality of seeds, showing that these parameters may be used to guide breeding programs aiming to produce high-quality seeds and seedlings of H. serratifolius .","PeriodicalId":21359,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ciencia Agronomica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20230018
Gevaldo Barbosa de Oliveira, A. M. S. S. David, Larissa Medeiros Soares, J. C. Figueiredo, Ilmair Pereira Silva Fernandes
- The application of burndown herbicides to crambe crops is important for production of quality seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of burndown herbicides applied at pre-harvest, using different spray volumes, on seed yield and quality of crambe plants ( Crambe abyssinica cv. FMS Brilhante). A randomized block experimental design was used, with four replications, in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement consisted of two burndown herbicides [glyphosate (Roundup Original 360 g L -1 ) and diquat (Reglone 200 g L -1 )] and fi ve spray volumes (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 L ha -1 ). The burndown herbicides were applied at 74 days after sowing, when the plants presented 80% brown seeds, based on visual evaluation of the seed maturation stage. After harvest, the seeds were processed and evaluated for water content, one-thousand seed weight, seed yield, oil contents, germination, and vigor (first germination counting, emergence speed index, accelerated aging, and electrical conductivity). The pre-harvest desiccation of crambe with the herbicide diquat, using spray volumes between 1.3 and 1.5 L ha -1 , resulted in seeds with better physiological quality. The seed vigor was low when using desiccation of plants with glyphosate. The crop yield was not affected by the herbicides nor by the different spray volumes.
-对杂草作物施用燃尽除草剂对生产优质种子很重要。本研究的目的是评价在收获前施用不同剂量的燃尽除草剂对克兰(crambe abyssinica)种子产量和品质的影响。FMS Brilhante)。采用随机区组试验设计，4个重复，2 × 5因子设计，包括两种燃烧除草剂[草甘膦(草甘膦原厂360 g L -1)和双甘菊(雷格龙200 g L -1)]和5种喷雾量(0.0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 L ha -1)。根据种子成熟阶段的目视评价，在播种后74天施用燃烧除草剂，此时植物呈现80%的棕色种子。收获后，对种子进行处理，并对含水量、千粒重、种子产量、含油量、发芽率和活力(首次发芽计数、出苗速度指数、加速老化和电导率)进行评价。在收获前用除草剂diquat进行干燥处理，喷施量在1.3 ~ 1.5 L ha -1之间，种子生理品质较好。草甘膦处理后，种子活力较低。除草剂用量和喷施量对作物产量没有影响。
{"title":"Burndown herbicides in Crambe abyssinica crops: seed yield and quality","authors":"Gevaldo Barbosa de Oliveira, A. M. S. S. David, Larissa Medeiros Soares, J. C. Figueiredo, Ilmair Pereira Silva Fernandes","doi":"10.5935/1806-6690.20230018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230018","url":null,"abstract":"- The application of burndown herbicides to crambe crops is important for production of quality seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of burndown herbicides applied at pre-harvest, using different spray volumes, on seed yield and quality of crambe plants ( Crambe abyssinica cv. FMS Brilhante). A randomized block experimental design was used, with four replications, in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement consisted of two burndown herbicides [glyphosate (Roundup Original 360 g L -1 ) and diquat (Reglone 200 g L -1 )] and fi ve spray volumes (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 L ha -1 ). The burndown herbicides were applied at 74 days after sowing, when the plants presented 80% brown seeds, based on visual evaluation of the seed maturation stage. After harvest, the seeds were processed and evaluated for water content, one-thousand seed weight, seed yield, oil contents, germination, and vigor (first germination counting, emergence speed index, accelerated aging, and electrical conductivity). The pre-harvest desiccation of crambe with the herbicide diquat, using spray volumes between 1.3 and 1.5 L ha -1 , resulted in seeds with better physiological quality. The seed vigor was low when using desiccation of plants with glyphosate. The crop yield was not affected by the herbicides nor by the different spray volumes.","PeriodicalId":21359,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ciencia Agronomica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20230020
Welson Luis Gomes Junior, Fabrício T. Barbosa, H. F. Melo
- Compaction is one of the main physical factors of the soil to affect plant development. The aim of this study was to evaluate root and shoot development in winter plants grown in soils of different textures under varying degrees of soil compaction (DSC). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the State University of Ponta Grossa, in the south of Brazil. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and an intercropping system of black oats ( Avena strigosa ) and forage turnip ( Raphanus sativus ) were tested in a sandy loam Cambisol and a clayey loam Latosol under a DSC of 85%, 90%, 95% and 100% of the maximum bulk density in a completely randomised design with four replications. Each plot consisted of one PVC column, 0.1 m in diameter and 0.2 m in height, comprising three cylinders placed one on top of the other, with a respective height of 0.08, 0.04 and 0.08 m. The sub-surface layer (0.08-0.12 m) was compacted, and corresponded to the middle cylinder. In t he compacted sub-surface layer, the intercropped black oats and forage turnip presented 28.5% more root dry matter (RDM) than did the wheat. The total RDM decreased by 32% for an increase of 85% to 100% in the DSC, where both the compacted sub-surface layer (0.08-0.12 m) and the layer below that (0.12-0.2 m) were most affected, with a reduction of 45.2% and 53%, respectively. Considering the conditions of this study, which evaluated soils that offer no water or chemical restrictions on the plants, shoot dry matter (SDM) was less affected than the roots, decreasing by 12% for an increase of 85% to 100% in the DSC. There was no difference between the types of soil on crop response due to the variation in the DSC.
{"title":"Root and shoot development in winter crops in soils of different textures and degrees of compaction","authors":"Welson Luis Gomes Junior, Fabrício T. Barbosa, H. F. Melo","doi":"10.5935/1806-6690.20230020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230020","url":null,"abstract":"- Compaction is one of the main physical factors of the soil to affect plant development. The aim of this study was to evaluate root and shoot development in winter plants grown in soils of different textures under varying degrees of soil compaction (DSC). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the State University of Ponta Grossa, in the south of Brazil. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and an intercropping system of black oats ( Avena strigosa ) and forage turnip ( Raphanus sativus ) were tested in a sandy loam Cambisol and a clayey loam Latosol under a DSC of 85%, 90%, 95% and 100% of the maximum bulk density in a completely randomised design with four replications. Each plot consisted of one PVC column, 0.1 m in diameter and 0.2 m in height, comprising three cylinders placed one on top of the other, with a respective height of 0.08, 0.04 and 0.08 m. The sub-surface layer (0.08-0.12 m) was compacted, and corresponded to the middle cylinder. In t he compacted sub-surface layer, the intercropped black oats and forage turnip presented 28.5% more root dry matter (RDM) than did the wheat. The total RDM decreased by 32% for an increase of 85% to 100% in the DSC, where both the compacted sub-surface layer (0.08-0.12 m) and the layer below that (0.12-0.2 m) were most affected, with a reduction of 45.2% and 53%, respectively. Considering the conditions of this study, which evaluated soils that offer no water or chemical restrictions on the plants, shoot dry matter (SDM) was less affected than the roots, decreasing by 12% for an increase of 85% to 100% in the DSC. There was no difference between the types of soil on crop response due to the variation in the DSC.","PeriodicalId":21359,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ciencia Agronomica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20230023
Erison Martins de Souza, C. Ledo, E. H. Souza, F. V. Souza
- Me asuring the propagation potential of any variety, considering micropropagation to obtain the seedlings, has received little attention from researchers. The use of unusual statistical techniques, such as geometric growth rate and exponential regression, can produce important information for planning and applying subcultures based on their in vitro behaviour, which may indicate the need to improve the protocol and to better understand the effects of interval trials and subcultures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different subculture intervals on the propagation potential of commercial pineapple cultivars, with the aim of optimising micropropagation protocols and planning for seedling production on a commercial scale. Axillary buds from the Perola, BRS Imperial and Smooth Cayenne cultivars were used for in vitro establishment and multiplication in trials with a subculture interval of 30, 45 and 60 days, in six subcultures. The BRS Imperial cultivar had the best results in the 30-day trial. Although the number of shoots increases as the subcultures progress, the propagation potential is lower. Longer subculture intervals show lower shoot production and propagation potential, as demonstrated by the geometric growth rate and the Poisson log-linear models. The trials and statistical tools employed showed that the protocol needs adjusting to improve production in the Smooth Cayenne cultivar, which had the lowest propagation potential.
{"title":"Propagation potential of commercial pineapples and impact of the subculture interval on production planning1","authors":"Erison Martins de Souza, C. Ledo, E. H. Souza, F. V. Souza","doi":"10.5935/1806-6690.20230023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230023","url":null,"abstract":"- Me asuring the propagation potential of any variety, considering micropropagation to obtain the seedlings, has received little attention from researchers. The use of unusual statistical techniques, such as geometric growth rate and exponential regression, can produce important information for planning and applying subcultures based on their in vitro behaviour, which may indicate the need to improve the protocol and to better understand the effects of interval trials and subcultures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different subculture intervals on the propagation potential of commercial pineapple cultivars, with the aim of optimising micropropagation protocols and planning for seedling production on a commercial scale. Axillary buds from the Perola, BRS Imperial and Smooth Cayenne cultivars were used for in vitro establishment and multiplication in trials with a subculture interval of 30, 45 and 60 days, in six subcultures. The BRS Imperial cultivar had the best results in the 30-day trial. Although the number of shoots increases as the subcultures progress, the propagation potential is lower. Longer subculture intervals show lower shoot production and propagation potential, as demonstrated by the geometric growth rate and the Poisson log-linear models. The trials and statistical tools employed showed that the protocol needs adjusting to improve production in the Smooth Cayenne cultivar, which had the lowest propagation potential.","PeriodicalId":21359,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ciencia Agronomica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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