SAGE Open Medicine最新文献

Objective: Although epidemiological studies suggest that oral health conditions may be associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases, the findings have yet to be comprehensively synthesized, particularly for a major noncommunicable diseases-related health and economic burden. Therefore, we will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available observational studies investigating the association between oral health conditions and subsequent risk of major noncommunicable diseases.

Methods: With limited English publications, we will search electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL. Based on the temporal properties and natural course of disease progression, we will seek cohort or case-control studies that investigate the association between oral disease conditions and the risk of noncommunicable diseases. Regarding the World Health Organization agenda, oral health conditions will include dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, edentulism, other oral conditions (i.e., oro-dental trauma, cleft lip and palate, and noma), and endodontic lesions. Based on the global disease burden, primary outcomes of interest will include the four major systemic noncommunicable diseases: cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Random-effects meta-analysis will be used to estimate pooled effects estimate and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical heterogeneity will be investigated using the I ² index and τ ² statistics. Preplanned subgroup and sensitivity analyses and random-effects meta-regression analyses will be performed to address possible heterogeneity and establish the robustness of the meta-analytic estimates. The prediction intervals, expected (E)-value, and evidence certainty will be appraised to synthesize the findings and draw evidence-based conclusions.

Conclusion: This systematic review will summarize all available evidence regarding the association between oral health conditions and the risk of major noncommunicable diseases. The findings will encourage collaboration between oral health and primary care professionals for early detection and management of noncommunicable diseases and promote oral health well-being.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42021274184.

Background: Scabies is one of the major neglected tropical diseases among children in deprived communities. Studies conducted among schoolchildren in Africa are limited and inconsistent. Thus, the aim of this study is to estimate the pooled magnitude and predictors of scabies in African schoolchildren.

Methods: The pooled prevalence estimate with 95% confidence intervals was performed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I ² statistic. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using the funnel plot, Begg's, and Egger's tests.

Results: A total of 28,482 subjects from 19 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of scabies among African schoolchildren was 10.81% (2459/28482) with (95% CI: 7.10-14.51). Factors such as being male (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI: 0.72-3.01), children who have a history of sharing clothes with their family (aOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 0.62-2.91), having illiterate parents (aOR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.51-1.41), having history of contact with skin itching cases/scabies (aOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.70-5.03), infrequent cloth wash (aOR = 5.30; 95% CI: 1.26-9.34), sharing common sleeping beds/fomites (aOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 0.04-4.22), family member with itchy signs/scabies (aOR = 5.83; 95% CI: 1.45-10.21), and not taking a bath with water and soap (aOR = 8.51; 95% CI: -4.14 to 21.15) were factors associated significantly with scabies.

Prospero registration: CRD42024542762.

Conclusion: In the present scenario, scabies ranges from 2.0% to 17.80% and is higher in Cameroon. Therefore, policymakers and health planners should put a great deal of emphasis on the implementation of relevant prevention and control measures.

Background: Depression is a major public health problem among adult breast cancer patients. Although there are few studies on depression, data were mainly from a single center and the potential risk factors were not exhaustively addressed. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression and risk factors among adult breast cancer patients at two big hospitals in Addis Ababa.

Objective: To assess depression and its associated factors among breast cancer patients attending public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2021.

Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients with breast cancer attending at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College from June to July 2021. Simple random sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 318. Data were collected using the standard Patient Health Questionnaire-9, structured questionnaire interviews, and chart reviews. SPSS version 25 was used for analysis; the correlation between independent and dependent variables was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Each analysis regarded a p-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant.

Result: The mean age of the participants was 43.1 ± 11.3 years. The prevalence of depression among adult breast cancer patients was 33 (10.6%), and according to the patient health questionnaires (PHQ)-9 score categorization, 116 (37.3%) were minor, 28 (9%) were moderate, and 5 (1.6%) had moderate severity. The duration of diagnosis was <12 months and stage 2 breast cancer was more protective against depression than stage 4 breast cancer. A lower monthly income and poor social support were significantly associated with depression.

Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was moderate among adult patients with breast cancer; the stage of cancer, duration of diagnosis, income, and poor social support were significantly associated with depression, emphasizing the value of counseling.

Lipase maturation factor 1 is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident transmembrane protein, which acts as a critical chaperone necessary for the folding, dimerisation, and secretion of lipases. In this review, we summarise data about the recently revealed role of lipase maturation factor 1 in endoplasmic reticulum redox homeostasis, its novel interaction partners among oxidoreductases and lectin chaperones, and the identification of fibronectin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor as novel non-lipase client proteins of lipase maturation factor 1. Additionally, the role of lipase maturation factor 1-derived circular RNA in atherosclerosis progression via the miR-125a-3p/vascular endothelial growth factor AFibroblast Growth Factor 1 axis is discussed. Finally, we focus on the causative role of lipase maturation factor 1 variants in the development of hypertriglyceridaemia - a type of dyslipidaemia that significantly contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases via different mechanisms.

Objectives: This review aimed to report the estimated pooled level of prevalence, risk factors, and birth outcome of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in Ethiopia, in 2024.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis approach was utilized.

Data sources and methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus, Web of Science, and CINHAL (EBSCO) search was carried out. The result was written according to the PRISMA-updated guidelines. To estimate the pooled prevalence and effect sizes, a random-effect model was used. Heterogeneity was assessed and investigated using I ² test statistics and meta-regression, respectively. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger's test statistics. Statistical tests result at p-value < 0.05 were declared as having significance.

Result: From a total of 52 primary studies with a total sample size of 269, 158 were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy was 8%. Egger's test statistics (p = 0.8013) showed there is no publication bias. Having a history of kidney disease (AOR: 3.47), being rural resident (AOR: 2.5), having fruit intake during pregnancy (AOR: 0.39), being overweight (AOR: 2.24), and having multiple pregnancy (AOR: 2.1) were found to have a significant association with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.

Conclusion: Overall, the level of prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Ethiopia was significantly increasing. Having a history of kidney disease was found to have a strong association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among factors. The most common or dominant adverse maternal and childbirth outcomes were low birth weight, preterm birth, fifth minute low APGAR score; and eclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome, and acute kidney injury. The governments and other stakeholders should work to broaden and strengthen the existing maternal and child health (MCH) practice by incorporating all possible risk factors of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in MCH guidelines. In addition, a large-scale study is required that considers those important missed variables, especially, in the eastern part of Ethiopia.

Objectives: Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a connective tissue disorder characterized by joint hypermobility and other systemic manifestations. Cardiovascular, autonomic symptoms and dysautonomia are frequently reported in adults with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and have been shown to have a negative impact on quality of life. However, there is scant literature on autonomic symptoms in pediatric patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. This study aims to characterize cardiovascular symptoms and diagnoses in pediatric patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and evaluate the impact of autonomic symptoms on quality of life.

Methods: As part of a longitudinal study, a consecutive sample of 70 patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndromes were recruited at routine clinical care visits. Medical history was reviewed, demographics were obtained, and patient-reported outcomes were completed by the patients.

Results: The average age of 70 patients was 15.8 years, and the majority were females (89%) and Caucasian (89%). The most common cardiovascular diagnoses were orthostatic intolerance (59%), dysautonomia (47%), and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (21%). Most patients had an echocardiogram (77%), that was normal (82%). No patients had mitral valve prolapse, and only one patient had mild aortic root dilation (2%). Patient-reported outcomes revealed decreased quality of life associated with autonomic symptoms.

Conclusions: This study shows that most children with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have cardiovascular and autonomic symptoms, which have a negative impact on quality of life. Few patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have structural abnormalities on echocardiogram, which suggests that the cardiovascular symptoms experienced by patients are not due to structural cardiovascular disease and possibly reflective of autonomic pathology, though further studies will need to confirm this. This study confirms that cardiovascular and symptoms are prevalent and have a dramatic impact on quality of life in pediatric and young adult patients diagnosed with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Background: Stroke often results in physical impairments. Physical activity is crucial for rehabilitation, enhancing mobility, strength, and overall health. This study examines the association between Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test performance and changes in physical activity to improve lower extremity physical function.

Methods: The MOBITEC-Stroke Cohort Study ("Recovery of mobility function and life-space mobility after ischemic stroke") included patients with a first incidence of stroke. Data assessed 3 and 12 months after stroke were used for analysis. Linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, instrumental activities of daily living, Falls Efficacy Scale-International, modified Ranking Scale, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale-score was used to examine the relationship between lower extremity physical function (i.e., TUG) and change in physical activity (i.e., minutes of physical activity measured with a wrist-worn accelerometer over 1 week).

Results: Longitudinal data of 49 patients (65% male, mean age 71.2 (SD: 10.4) years) were analyzed. Mean daily physical activity was 291.6 (SD: 96.2) min at 3 months and 298.9 (SD: 94.4) min at 12 months, with a change from 3 to 12 months of 7.3 min (95% CI: -9.4 to 24.0; p = 0.394) post-stroke. We observed significant relationships between the baseline TUG performance and the change in total physical activity over 9 months (p = 0.011) and between the change of TUG performance over time and the change in total physical activity (p = 0.022).

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that better initial lower extremity physical function and higher improvements in function over time are associated with a greater increase in physical activity levels after stroke. This suggests that interventions aimed at maintaining and improving lower extremity physical function may positively affect physical activity levels.

Objectives: Dementia with Lewy bodies is characterised by rapid fluctuations in attention, which are known as "cognitive fluctuations." Despite the fact that cognitive fluctuations are considered to be a core dementia with Lewy bodies symptom, they are very difficult to define and measure using existing quantitative subjective measurement tools, which are typically completed by caregivers. Cognitive fluctuations are also likely to be influenced by various aspects of sleep, but this is as yet unexplored. The primary aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the phenomenology of cognitive fluctuations in dementia with Lewy bodies by understanding caregiver experiences.

Methods: Seven caregivers of people with dementia with Lewy bodies completed one-to-one semistructured interviews, which were conducted by telephone. Caregivers were asked to describe the nature, frequency, duration and potential triggers of cognitive fluctuations that were experienced by the individual with dementia with Lewy bodies. Caregivers were also asked about the subjective sleep experience of the individual with dementia with Lewy bodies, and about their own sleep experiences. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Thematic Analysis.

Results: Caregivers reported that there was a great deal of individual variation in the frequency, duration and severity of cognitive fluctuations. Patient sleep disturbances, including excessive daytime sleepiness, nocturnal awakenings, restless legs and sleep apnoea, were common. However, the impact of sleep alterations or experiences upon the fluctuations was reported to be less clear. Caregivers also reported that their own sleep was negatively affected, potentially due to actively listening for overnight events and behaviours.

Conclusions: Qualitatively, caregivers report that dementia with Lewy bodies cognitive fluctuations show large individual variations in terms of their frequency, duration and severity, but that subjectively, sleep may not consistently influence this symptom. Specific, caregiver-focussed interventions are likely to be necessary to maintain good sleep health in dementia with Lewy bodies caregivers.

Introduction: Research has consistently documented that nurses are at a higher risk for developing burnout syndrome due to the nature of their jobs. The high prevalence of burnout among nursing staff negatively affects healthcare delivery. Nurses experiencing burnout cannot provide quality care or actively participate in health promotion, and those experiencing emotional exhaustion are unlikely to be able to tend to the emotional needs of patients.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with burnout syndrome among nursing staff in Botswana referral general and psychiatric hospitals.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 249 nursing staff working in a referral psychiatric and general hospital. The job satisfaction survey, Maslach burnout inventory, and the OCEAN-20 were used to assess job satisfaction, burnout occurrence, and personality traits, respectively. A researcher-designed sociodemographic questionnaire was used to capture demographic data. Variables identified to be associated with burnout on bivariate analyses were entered into a regression analysis to determine to what extent these factors predicted burnout.

Results: The prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment was 65.7%, 56.9%, and 54%, respectively. Being in a general hospital, neuroticism, poor operating condition, and poor communication predicted emotional exhaustion, R ² = 28%, F (9, 229) = 9.937, p < 0.001. Depersonalization was predicted by neuroticism and poor operating conditions, R ² = 17%, F (9, 229) = 4.709, p < 0.001. Reduced personal achievement was significantly predicted by the number of people in the household, time at the current hospital, agreeableness, and nature of work, R ² = 21%, F (7, 203) = 7.875, p < 0.001.

Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for interventions to be developed to address burnout among nursing staff to optimize healthcare delivery.

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy is a prevalent cause of hospital-acquired renal insufficiency and increases adverse events in older patients undergoing angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. The Mehran risk score has been widely used in Vietnam to assess contrast-induced nephropathy risk in patients before coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. Recently, there has been a shift toward the adoption of simpler risk prediction models, such as the contrast volume-to-glomerular filtration rate ratio. This study aimed to (1) determine the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in older patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention, and (2) compare the validity of the contrast volume-to-glomerular filtration rate ratio and the Mehran score in predicting contrast-induced nephropathy.

Method: This is a prospective cohort study conducted at a hospital in Vietnam from September 2019 to May 2020. Consecutive patients aged ⩾60 years who underwent coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention were recruited. The contrast volume-to-glomerular filtration rate ratio and the Mehran score were evaluated for their predictive utility regarding contrast-induced nephropathy risk. The receiver operator characteristic was employed to calculate the area under the curve for both the contrast volume-to-glomerular filtration rate ratio and the Mehran score in predicting contrast-induced nephropathy.

Results: The study included 170 participants with a mean age of 70 years and 33.1% were female. Contrast-induced nephropathy was diagnosed in 9.4% of the participants. Participants with contrast-induced nephropathy exhibited a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease, anemia, and heart failure. There was no significant difference between the area under the curves of the contrast volume-to-glomerular filtration rate ratio (0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.92), and the Mehran score (0.65, 95% CI: 0.51-0.82) in predicting contrast-induced nephropathy.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that contrast-induced nephropathy was prevalent among older patients following percutaneous coronary intervention. The contrast volume-to-glomerular filtration rate ratio demonstrated a good prognostic value for predicting contrast-induced nephropathy comparable to that of the Mehran score. Further research is needed to identify optimal cutoff values for the contrast volume-to-glomerular filtration rate ratio in older patients.