Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461956
R. Steinhaus
New impregnating varnishes and UP-Resins are introduced with respect to application properties, dielectric and thermal behaviour. Thermal evaluation of these materials is discussed and the various procedures are compared. Results obtained lead to the conclusion that a rod type specimen should be preferred rather than a sheet type specimen if a better correspondence between thermal evaluation and experience from service conditions is desired.
{"title":"New impregnating materials with a thermal rating of 155 to 180 °C","authors":"R. Steinhaus","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461956","url":null,"abstract":"New impregnating varnishes and UP-Resins are introduced with respect to application properties, dielectric and thermal behaviour. Thermal evaluation of these materials is discussed and the various procedures are compared. Results obtained lead to the conclusion that a rod type specimen should be preferred rather than a sheet type specimen if a better correspondence between thermal evaluation and experience from service conditions is desired.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129633688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461911
J. Reindel
Microwave Integrated Circuits (MIC) have been extended to the millimeter wave frequencies by using low dielectric substrates and by adapting circuits for thick copper conductors. The paper describes the performance of MIC polar discriminators for the K and Ka bands and other printed circuits developed for a channelized downconverter. The MIC designs have small size, high performance and very low manufacturing costs.
{"title":"Low dielectric substrates for MIC's at millimeter wave frequencies","authors":"J. Reindel","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461911","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave Integrated Circuits (MIC) have been extended to the millimeter wave frequencies by using low dielectric substrates and by adapting circuits for thick copper conductors. The paper describes the performance of MIC polar discriminators for the K and Ka bands and other printed circuits developed for a channelized downconverter. The MIC designs have small size, high performance and very low manufacturing costs.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133312628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461980
W. Graham, J. D. Craig
The chemical changes in Cavalite®T during thermal aging in an oil filled environment have recently been determined. Cavalite®T is a new water based acrylic wire enamel designed for use in transformers. The chemical reactions proposed and the resultant changes in electrical and mechanical behavior can be expected for other acrylonitrile based acrylic polymers although the degree will vary.
{"title":"The correlation of chemical, electrical, and mechanical changes in Cavalite®T during thermal aging in an oil filled transformer environment","authors":"W. Graham, J. D. Craig","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461980","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical changes in Cavalite®T during thermal aging in an oil filled environment have recently been determined. Cavalite®T is a new water based acrylic wire enamel designed for use in transformers. The chemical reactions proposed and the resultant changes in electrical and mechanical behavior can be expected for other acrylonitrile based acrylic polymers although the degree will vary.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132760174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461918
T. Newton
Teflon is a unique dielectric material. It has a dielectric constant and a loss factor that are extremely uniform for frequencies into the tens of GHz. However, some physical parameters of this material are also very sensitive to thermal environments. This paper considers some of the major thermal characteristics of Teflon, the relationships between those characteristics and the properties of plated copper, and finally the processing and design techniques which can overcome or accommodat these relationships to yield a reliable Teflon multilayer printed board.
{"title":"Teflon®∗ stripline printed boards — Consider the thermal properties of this dielectric","authors":"T. Newton","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461918","url":null,"abstract":"Teflon is a unique dielectric material. It has a dielectric constant and a loss factor that are extremely uniform for frequencies into the tens of GHz. However, some physical parameters of this material are also very sensitive to thermal environments. This paper considers some of the major thermal characteristics of Teflon, the relationships between those characteristics and the properties of plated copper, and finally the processing and design techniques which can overcome or accommodat these relationships to yield a reliable Teflon multilayer printed board.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"45 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124963956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461961
H. Yokono, S. Numata, M. Kito
In order to reduce the size and volume of electrical machinery and to improve its reliability, further improvement in the heat resistant property of casting resins for large molds has been required. The heat resistance of the conventional casting resins is, however, limited to Class-B or Class F due to the balancing needs for heat resistance with resistance to heat-shock. We have successfully developed a unique new casting resin which has Class-H heat resistance and resistance to heat-shock higher than the conventional resins. This new resin is actually being applied to Class-H resin molded transformers and other electrical machinery.
{"title":"A new Class-H thermally stable casting resin for large molds","authors":"H. Yokono, S. Numata, M. Kito","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461961","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce the size and volume of electrical machinery and to improve its reliability, further improvement in the heat resistant property of casting resins for large molds has been required. The heat resistance of the conventional casting resins is, however, limited to Class-B or Class F due to the balancing needs for heat resistance with resistance to heat-shock. We have successfully developed a unique new casting resin which has Class-H heat resistance and resistance to heat-shock higher than the conventional resins. This new resin is actually being applied to Class-H resin molded transformers and other electrical machinery.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125505162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461983
W. Fessler, G. Kaufmann
The paper describes accelerated aging studies on sealed tube specimens and functional life tests on distribution transformers which contained SF-97(50) silicone liquid and solid insulation normally used in oil-filled transformers. The results indicate that silicone oil is compatible with the solid insulation tested, and that the aging characteristics of the silicone system are as good as those of a 65°C mineral oil-filled system.
{"title":"Aging and life testing of transformer insulation systems in polydimethylsiloxane","authors":"W. Fessler, G. Kaufmann","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461983","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes accelerated aging studies on sealed tube specimens and functional life tests on distribution transformers which contained SF-97(50) silicone liquid and solid insulation normally used in oil-filled transformers. The results indicate that silicone oil is compatible with the solid insulation tested, and that the aging characteristics of the silicone system are as good as those of a 65°C mineral oil-filled system.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129431196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461972
T. Dakin, S. Studniarz
This paper describes the factors influencing the voltage or electric stress-failure time relation of cast and molded resins. It also discusses the reasons for similar failure times at equal stresses with surface and internal discharges, when the discharges are continuous, and presents data supporting those reasons. The phenomena of intermittency of internal discharges is also described. Voltage endurance with tiny micro-cavity defects, which may be practically undetectable, is also discussed.
{"title":"The voltage endurance of cast and molded resins","authors":"T. Dakin, S. Studniarz","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461972","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the factors influencing the voltage or electric stress-failure time relation of cast and molded resins. It also discusses the reasons for similar failure times at equal stresses with surface and internal discharges, when the discharges are continuous, and presents data supporting those reasons. The phenomena of intermittency of internal discharges is also described. Voltage endurance with tiny micro-cavity defects, which may be practically undetectable, is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117250903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461930
Donald E. Hertz
A few years ago, energy conservation and raw materials waste were not a great concern to most industrialists. Now, after the severe winter of 1976–77 and its energy shortages, we are definitely concerned for our future supply. After numerous manufacturing plant shutdowns and the increasing number of unemployed people, we are now taking steps to conserve our natural resources. These drastic shortages were not experienced by the entire country. Therefore, are we all going to be conscious of conserving, or will it be just the people who were directly affected? I feel it's the responsibility of each individual in his respective field to seek out areas of possible waste of natural resources and make corrections. REMS Corporation, Tri-City Division, of Saginaw, Michigan, and a large corporation in the Midwest, have joined forces to eliminate the needless waste in handling of electric motors not economical to repair. Ordinarily, these motors would be scrapped. REMS Corporation, an electric motor repair shop, and our customer, a leading industrial manufacturer, saw a need for this program in 1974. The following information will explain in detail the method of how this program successfully operates and will point out the obvious and hidden advantages. We would like to share this system with other related industries. With our success in this program, here also is a potential for others to improve their handling of electric motor repairs to conserve energy and bring a halt to waste.
{"title":"Let us recycle, not scrap","authors":"Donald E. Hertz","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461930","url":null,"abstract":"A few years ago, energy conservation and raw materials waste were not a great concern to most industrialists. Now, after the severe winter of 1976–77 and its energy shortages, we are definitely concerned for our future supply. After numerous manufacturing plant shutdowns and the increasing number of unemployed people, we are now taking steps to conserve our natural resources. These drastic shortages were not experienced by the entire country. Therefore, are we all going to be conscious of conserving, or will it be just the people who were directly affected? I feel it's the responsibility of each individual in his respective field to seek out areas of possible waste of natural resources and make corrections. REMS Corporation, Tri-City Division, of Saginaw, Michigan, and a large corporation in the Midwest, have joined forces to eliminate the needless waste in handling of electric motors not economical to repair. Ordinarily, these motors would be scrapped. REMS Corporation, an electric motor repair shop, and our customer, a leading industrial manufacturer, saw a need for this program in 1974. The following information will explain in detail the method of how this program successfully operates and will point out the obvious and hidden advantages. We would like to share this system with other related industries. With our success in this program, here also is a potential for others to improve their handling of electric motor repairs to conserve energy and bring a halt to waste.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131531295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461924
S. Wadhwa
Direct Chip Attach commonly references a technique in which the chip is attached directly to the organic laminate. This paper deals with the general requirements for the printed circuit laminate on which a flip chip with controlled callapse chip connection (C4) is directly attached. One of the key requirements is to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of the laminate. This paper also shows the calculated results for laminates made with fibers and resins whose material constants are realizable today, and concludes that it is possible to make low-expansion laminates suitable for direct chip attach.
{"title":"Direct chip attach","authors":"S. Wadhwa","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461924","url":null,"abstract":"Direct Chip Attach commonly references a technique in which the chip is attached directly to the organic laminate. This paper deals with the general requirements for the printed circuit laminate on which a flip chip with controlled callapse chip connection (C4) is directly attached. One of the key requirements is to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of the laminate. This paper also shows the calculated results for laminates made with fibers and resins whose material constants are realizable today, and concludes that it is possible to make low-expansion laminates suitable for direct chip attach.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125319553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461910
G. Traut
This paper is intended to be helpful to those who need to frequently measure electrical properties of foil clad laminates for microwave applications. Successful and unsuccessful efforts are discussed, with emphasis on the problems of specimen preparation and laboratory technique. Various published methods for measurement of dielectric constant and dissipation of polymer based circuit board materials are briefly reviewed. Some limitations of the stripline resonator method of MIL-P-13949E are overcome by simple modifications. Quality control programs of producers and users of foil clad microwave circuit board materials require dielectric constant measurements done with precision, ease, and minimal material destruction. An empirically calibrated fixture pressed against a small area stripped of foil has been the best of several ideas tried.
{"title":"Electrical measurements of microwave circuit board materials","authors":"G. Traut","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461910","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is intended to be helpful to those who need to frequently measure electrical properties of foil clad laminates for microwave applications. Successful and unsuccessful efforts are discussed, with emphasis on the problems of specimen preparation and laboratory technique. Various published methods for measurement of dielectric constant and dissipation of polymer based circuit board materials are briefly reviewed. Some limitations of the stripline resonator method of MIL-P-13949E are overcome by simple modifications. Quality control programs of producers and users of foil clad microwave circuit board materials require dielectric constant measurements done with precision, ease, and minimal material destruction. An empirically calibrated fixture pressed against a small area stripped of foil has been the best of several ideas tried.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117001741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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