K. Shibayama, H. Ono, M. Kawahara, Y. Hiraoka, Y. Noda
Recent social requirements of environment, occupational health and saving resources invite us to reassess acrylonitrile copolymers as base materials for magnet wire enamels, because of its suitability to formulate water dispersion systems. Ercusol®, Cavalyt®, and MEDlrf®. 1) (Mitsubishi Electric Corp.) are recent examples. In spite of the above advantages and its reasonable cost, the limitation of thermal stability seems to prevent the penetration to practical application. We have reported a possibility to break through this limitation by "dual coated acrylic enamel "2) Temperature classes of 150° to 180°C could be achieved by selecting the composite insulation layer, though the mechanism of increased heat resistance was not clear. A study which followed the above finding revealed that the unusually heat resistant wires can be derived through the formation of thermostable heterocyclic ring from acrylonitrile copolymers in nonoxidative environment in the early stages of thermal aging. Details of the mechanism of the formation of the heat resistant structures and changes in thermal and mechanical properties during heat treatment will be reported in this paper.
最近社会对环境、职业健康和节约资源的要求促使我们重新评估丙烯腈共聚物作为磁线漆的基材，因为它适合于配制水分散体系。Ercusol®，Cavalyt®和MEDlrf®。1)三菱电机(Mitsubishi Electric Corp.)就是最近的例子。尽管具有上述优点和合理的成本，但热稳定性的限制似乎阻碍了它的实际应用。我们报道了一种突破这一限制的可能性，即“双涂层丙烯酸搪瓷”。2)通过选择复合保温层，可以实现150°至180°C的温度等级，但耐热性增加的机制尚不清楚。继上述发现之后的一项研究表明，在热老化的早期阶段，丙烯腈共聚物在非氧化环境中形成热稳定的杂环，从而获得异常耐热的电线。本文将详细介绍耐热组织的形成机理以及热处理过程中热性能和力学性能的变化。
{"title":"Heat resistant magnet wire insulation based on acrylic enamels","authors":"K. Shibayama, H. Ono, M. Kawahara, Y. Hiraoka, Y. Noda","doi":"10.1109/TEI.1978.298061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEI.1978.298061","url":null,"abstract":"Recent social requirements of environment, occupational health and saving resources invite us to reassess acrylonitrile copolymers as base materials for magnet wire enamels, because of its suitability to formulate water dispersion systems. Ercusol®, Cavalyt®, and MEDlrf®. 1) (Mitsubishi Electric Corp.) are recent examples. In spite of the above advantages and its reasonable cost, the limitation of thermal stability seems to prevent the penetration to practical application. We have reported a possibility to break through this limitation by \"dual coated acrylic enamel \"2) Temperature classes of 150° to 180°C could be achieved by selecting the composite insulation layer, though the mechanism of increased heat resistance was not clear. A study which followed the above finding revealed that the unusually heat resistant wires can be derived through the formation of thermostable heterocyclic ring from acrylonitrile copolymers in nonoxidative environment in the early stages of thermal aging. Details of the mechanism of the formation of the heat resistant structures and changes in thermal and mechanical properties during heat treatment will be reported in this paper.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127902175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pace, L. Christophorou, D. James, R. Pai, R. Mathis, D. Bouldin
Improved unitary and multicomponent gaseous insulators are systematically designed according to detailed knowledge of fundamental electron-molecule interactions. Knowledge of the electron attachment and electron slowing-down properties of dielectric gases/mixtures as functions of electron energy is shown to be especially significant. On the basis of such knowledge it is possible to improve the gaseous dielectric's breakdown strength by effectively controlling the numbers and energies of the electrons present. Several unitary (e.g., C4+F6, c-C4F6, and iso-C4F6) and multicomponent (e.g., C4F6/SF6/N2 and c-C4+F8/C4+F6/SF6/N2) gaseous systems have been tested and found to have better DC breakdown strength properties than SF6. These findings are reported and discussed.
{"title":"Improved unitary and multicomponent gaseous insulators","authors":"M. Pace, L. Christophorou, D. James, R. Pai, R. Mathis, D. Bouldin","doi":"10.1109/TEI.1978.298096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEI.1978.298096","url":null,"abstract":"Improved unitary and multicomponent gaseous insulators are systematically designed according to detailed knowledge of fundamental electron-molecule interactions. Knowledge of the electron attachment and electron slowing-down properties of dielectric gases/mixtures as functions of electron energy is shown to be especially significant. On the basis of such knowledge it is possible to improve the gaseous dielectric's breakdown strength by effectively controlling the numbers and energies of the electrons present. Several unitary (e.g., C<inf>4</inf>+F<inf>6</inf>, c-C<inf>4</inf>F6, and iso-C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>6</inf>) and multicomponent (e.g., C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>6</inf>/SF<inf>6</inf>/N<inf>2</inf> and c-C<inf>4+</inf>F<inf>8</inf>/C<inf>4+</inf>F<inf>6</inf>/SF<inf>6</inf>/N<inf>2</inf>) gaseous systems have been tested and found to have better DC breakdown strength properties than SF<inf>6</inf>. These findings are reported and discussed.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123434251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461916
J. A. DeVore
Within the last decade and especially in the last two years, the use of beryllia as an electronic substrate material has risen dramatically. One reason for this has been the development of high power devices which require electrical isolation. Another reason has been the demand for high packaging densities. Both of these reflect a need to remove heat from the device efficiently.
{"title":"Metallization of beryllia ceramics for microelectronic use","authors":"J. A. DeVore","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461916","url":null,"abstract":"Within the last decade and especially in the last two years, the use of beryllia as an electronic substrate material has risen dramatically. One reason for this has been the development of high power devices which require electrical isolation. Another reason has been the demand for high packaging densities. Both of these reflect a need to remove heat from the device efficiently.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114671030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461935
R. Parrish, J. J. Kelly
A method has been developed whereby the life of power transformers (those 500 KVA and greater) can be extended through a unique process of removing sludge from energized transformers. This paper zeroes in on the fundamental problem of power transformers-oil deterioration and its destructive effect on the cellulose insulating system. The discussion considers seven (7) alternatives to service transformers concluding with the unique DeSludging treatment. The key to Preventative Maintenance lies in annual oil testing. Its primary purposes are to pinpoint the condition of a transformer's insulating system and to determine the work necessary to correct the situation. Twelve years experience has shown that even the worst cases have responded to this unique desludging process. In most instances these transformers have been completely desludged after one treatment. Equally bad transformers have required one additional treatment, and in rare cases, a third treatment was necessary to finish the desludging procedure. Annual transformer oil tests have verified these findings.
{"title":"Desludging of energized power transformers","authors":"R. Parrish, J. J. Kelly","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461935","url":null,"abstract":"A method has been developed whereby the life of power transformers (those 500 KVA and greater) can be extended through a unique process of removing sludge from energized transformers. This paper zeroes in on the fundamental problem of power transformers-oil deterioration and its destructive effect on the cellulose insulating system. The discussion considers seven (7) alternatives to service transformers concluding with the unique DeSludging treatment. The key to Preventative Maintenance lies in annual oil testing. Its primary purposes are to pinpoint the condition of a transformer's insulating system and to determine the work necessary to correct the situation. Twelve years experience has shown that even the worst cases have responded to this unique desludging process. In most instances these transformers have been completely desludged after one treatment. Equally bad transformers have required one additional treatment, and in rare cases, a third treatment was necessary to finish the desludging procedure. Annual transformer oil tests have verified these findings.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116905386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461936
Stephen D. Smith
The paper discusses routine tests for power transformers to evaluate their general condition and spot for possible problems. Periodic maintenance is discussed and a typical plan for preventive maintenance is presented. The paper also presents some of the advantages of routine maintenance for the transformer user.
{"title":"Periodic testing and maintenance of power transformers to extend life and improve reliability","authors":"Stephen D. Smith","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461936","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses routine tests for power transformers to evaluate their general condition and spot for possible problems. Periodic maintenance is discussed and a typical plan for preventive maintenance is presented. The paper also presents some of the advantages of routine maintenance for the transformer user.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117193307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461976
B. Giessner
A novel method has been developed to produce sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) epoxy foam. This material consists of the highly electronegative SF6 gas trapped in closed epoxy cells. In order to assure that the material retained the unique properties attributed to SF6, changes in SF6 content as a function of thermal aging were measured via Neutron Activation Analysis. Provided the materials tested were maintained below their glass transition temperatures, the results indicated SF6 was retained.
{"title":"SF6 epoxy foam a novel electrical insulation material","authors":"B. Giessner","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461976","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method has been developed to produce sulfur hexafluoride (SF<inf>6</inf>) epoxy foam. This material consists of the highly electronegative SF<inf>6</inf> gas trapped in closed epoxy cells. In order to assure that the material retained the unique properties attributed to SF<inf>6</inf>, changes in SF<inf>6</inf> content as a function of thermal aging were measured via Neutron Activation Analysis. Provided the materials tested were maintained below their glass transition temperatures, the results indicated SF<inf>6</inf> was retained.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114948263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461929
J. Konicek
Combined usage of two recent developments — 5 microns (1/8 oz.) copper foil and of hot gas leveling technique for solder application — opens a new, unique way of manufacturing thru-hole plated PC boards with substantial cost savings. These cost savings are realized as a result of elimination of processes and problems created by or connected in some way with solder plating operations. The new, cost saving sacrificial copper technique is extremely simple to adopt and utilize in PC manufacturing and with advantage can be used on a full scale of pattern densities — from ordinary boards to extremely fine line circuits.
{"title":"Bare copper circuits on ultra-thin copper foil clad laminates","authors":"J. Konicek","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461929","url":null,"abstract":"Combined usage of two recent developments — 5 microns (1/8 oz.) copper foil and of hot gas leveling technique for solder application — opens a new, unique way of manufacturing thru-hole plated PC boards with substantial cost savings. These cost savings are realized as a result of elimination of processes and problems created by or connected in some way with solder plating operations. The new, cost saving sacrificial copper technique is extremely simple to adopt and utilize in PC manufacturing and with advantage can be used on a full scale of pattern densities — from ordinary boards to extremely fine line circuits.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115544818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461955
George F. Everitt
Physical, thermal and electrolytic corrosion properties of 3M Brand AB-312 Ceramic Fibers are discussed. Strands, engineered yarns and braided products made from the AB-312 fibers are described. Other textile product applications are mentioned.
{"title":"Continuous filament ceramic fiber refractory insulation","authors":"George F. Everitt","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461955","url":null,"abstract":"Physical, thermal and electrolytic corrosion properties of 3M Brand AB-312 Ceramic Fibers are discussed. Strands, engineered yarns and braided products made from the AB-312 fibers are described. Other textile product applications are mentioned.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116872882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461923
Gerald B. Fefferman
This paper traces the history of a program to procure, evaluate, modify and utilize ultraviolet radiation (UV) curable resins for solder mask coating of flexible printed circuitry. The development of a particular system is described. Test procedures and acceptability criteria are discussed.
{"title":"A UV-curable solder mask for flexible printed circuitry — From evaluation to manufacturing","authors":"Gerald B. Fefferman","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461923","url":null,"abstract":"This paper traces the history of a program to procure, evaluate, modify and utilize ultraviolet radiation (UV) curable resins for solder mask coating of flexible printed circuitry. The development of a particular system is described. Test procedures and acceptability criteria are discussed.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126693962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461933
Gary L. Shook, D. E. Schump
Summary: The paper begins with a brief description of surge comparison testing. The development of instruments for performing these tests is outlined and advances in the procedure are noted. Finally, the application of surge comparison testing to several types of electrical apparatus is reviewed.
{"title":"Surge comparison testing of rotating machines","authors":"Gary L. Shook, D. E. Schump","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461933","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The paper begins with a brief description of surge comparison testing. The development of instruments for performing these tests is outlined and advances in the procedure are noted. Finally, the application of surge comparison testing to several types of electrical apparatus is reviewed.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123214441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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