Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0307
E. Osmanov, R. Manyakov, A. Garaeva, L. Tuktamysheva, L. H. Korkmazova, I. Arsanukaev, Jasmina A. Garaeva, Arthur A. Antonov
Taking into account gender- and age-related features, to examine the structure of comorbidity in outpatients with essential hypertension residing in the city of Tambov. Material and Methods — This research was an observational cross-sectional study based on data extracted from 47,113 electronic medical records (EMRs) of patients 20-99 years of age residing in Tambov. The study included 29,282 (62.2%) women and 17831 (37.8%) men. Results — Essential hypertension is habitually associated with osteochondrosis (41.5% of patients with hypertension), cerebrovascular diseases (35.1%), arthrosis (28.3%), ischemic heart disease (IHD) (28.7%), menopausal disorders (17.5%), pancreatic diseases (15.4%), diabetes mellitus (14.7%), benign mammary dysplasia (14.2%), retinal diseases (12.9%), disorders of lipoprotein metabolism (12.4%), senile cataract (10.6%), gastritis and duodenitis (10.7%), varicose veins (10.1%), and thyroid diseases (10.0%). IHD is more common among men with hypertension, while other comorbidities are more characteristic for women. The most striking gender-related difference was associated with the finding that women with hypertension had varicose veins as a comorbidity (RR=1.398; 95% CI 1.376-1.422), while the smallest difference between genders related to retinal diseases (RR=1.065; 95% CI 1.038-1.092). IHD was strongly associated with the male gender (RR=1.101; 95% CI 1.056-1.148). Three diseases were more often associated with hypertension in the age range of 80-89 years (cerebrovascular disease, IHD, osteochondrosis); some of the diseases had the highest incidence in the age range of 60-69 years, and other disorders occurred in the age range of 40-59 years. Conclusion — The gender- and age-related features of comorbid pathology associated with essential hypertension among urban residents revealed in this study are extremely important in the clinical practice of a local general practitioner for developing optimal patient-oriented treatment plans.
{"title":"Structure Of Comorbidity In Urban Population With Essential Hypertension In The Clinical Practice Of A Local General Practitioner","authors":"E. Osmanov, R. Manyakov, A. Garaeva, L. Tuktamysheva, L. H. Korkmazova, I. Arsanukaev, Jasmina A. Garaeva, Arthur A. Antonov","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0307","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account gender- and age-related features, to examine the structure of comorbidity in outpatients with essential hypertension residing in the city of Tambov. Material and Methods — This research was an observational cross-sectional study based on data extracted from 47,113 electronic medical records (EMRs) of patients 20-99 years of age residing in Tambov. The study included 29,282 (62.2%) women and 17831 (37.8%) men. Results — Essential hypertension is habitually associated with osteochondrosis (41.5% of patients with hypertension), cerebrovascular diseases (35.1%), arthrosis (28.3%), ischemic heart disease (IHD) (28.7%), menopausal disorders (17.5%), pancreatic diseases (15.4%), diabetes mellitus (14.7%), benign mammary dysplasia (14.2%), retinal diseases (12.9%), disorders of lipoprotein metabolism (12.4%), senile cataract (10.6%), gastritis and duodenitis (10.7%), varicose veins (10.1%), and thyroid diseases (10.0%). IHD is more common among men with hypertension, while other comorbidities are more characteristic for women. The most striking gender-related difference was associated with the finding that women with hypertension had varicose veins as a comorbidity (RR=1.398; 95% CI 1.376-1.422), while the smallest difference between genders related to retinal diseases (RR=1.065; 95% CI 1.038-1.092). IHD was strongly associated with the male gender (RR=1.101; 95% CI 1.056-1.148). Three diseases were more often associated with hypertension in the age range of 80-89 years (cerebrovascular disease, IHD, osteochondrosis); some of the diseases had the highest incidence in the age range of 60-69 years, and other disorders occurred in the age range of 40-59 years. Conclusion — The gender- and age-related features of comorbid pathology associated with essential hypertension among urban residents revealed in this study are extremely important in the clinical practice of a local general practitioner for developing optimal patient-oriented treatment plans.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43569557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0311
L. Nazarova, K. Danilko, V. Malievsky, D. Karimov, A. Bakirov, T. Viktorova
Background/objective — The goal of our study was to investigate the role of interaction between the polymorphic loci of immune response mediator genes (TNFA rs1800629, LTA rs909253, IL1B rs16944, IL2-IL21 rs6822844, IL2RA rs2104286, IL6 rs1800795, IL10 rs1800872, MIF rs755622, CTLA4 rs3087243, NFKB1 rs28362491, PTPN22 rs2476601, and PADI4 rs2240336) in the formation of a genetic predisposition to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Material and Methods — The study involved 330 JIA patients and 342 volunteers from the Republic of Bashkortostan. Genotyping was conducted via the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The gene-gene interactions were studied using the multifactor dimensionality reduction algorithm. Results — In general analysis, the best model of gene-gene interaction in JIA was a combination of IL1B rs16944 – IL10 rs1800872 – NFKB1 rs28362491 – PADI4 rs2240336 polymorphic loci. However, after gender-based stratification the best results were obtained when examining the combinations of IL6 rs1800795 – PADI4 rs2240336 loci in girls and of IL10 rs1800872 – IL6 rs1800795 – IL2RA rs2104286 loci in boys. Within all of these models, the genotype combinations associated with both augmented and reduced JIA risks were identified (taking into account gender-specific differences). Conclusion — The results of our study implied that an important role in the formation of a predisposition to JIA is played by gene-gene interactions of IL1B rs16944, IL2RA rs2104286, IL6 rs1800795, IL10 rs1800872, NFKB1 rs28362491, and PADI4 rs2240336 polymorphic loci (taking into account gender-specific differences).
{"title":"Interaction Of Immune Response Mediator Genes In A Predisposition To Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis","authors":"L. Nazarova, K. Danilko, V. Malievsky, D. Karimov, A. Bakirov, T. Viktorova","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0311","url":null,"abstract":"Background/objective — The goal of our study was to investigate the role of interaction between the polymorphic loci of immune response mediator genes (TNFA rs1800629, LTA rs909253, IL1B rs16944, IL2-IL21 rs6822844, IL2RA rs2104286, IL6 rs1800795, IL10 rs1800872, MIF rs755622, CTLA4 rs3087243, NFKB1 rs28362491, PTPN22 rs2476601, and PADI4 rs2240336) in the formation of a genetic predisposition to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Material and Methods — The study involved 330 JIA patients and 342 volunteers from the Republic of Bashkortostan. Genotyping was conducted via the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The gene-gene interactions were studied using the multifactor dimensionality reduction algorithm. Results — In general analysis, the best model of gene-gene interaction in JIA was a combination of IL1B rs16944 – IL10 rs1800872 – NFKB1 rs28362491 – PADI4 rs2240336 polymorphic loci. However, after gender-based stratification the best results were obtained when examining the combinations of IL6 rs1800795 – PADI4 rs2240336 loci in girls and of IL10 rs1800872 – IL6 rs1800795 – IL2RA rs2104286 loci in boys. Within all of these models, the genotype combinations associated with both augmented and reduced JIA risks were identified (taking into account gender-specific differences). Conclusion — The results of our study implied that an important role in the formation of a predisposition to JIA is played by gene-gene interactions of IL1B rs16944, IL2RA rs2104286, IL6 rs1800795, IL10 rs1800872, NFKB1 rs28362491, and PADI4 rs2240336 polymorphic loci (taking into account gender-specific differences).","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46468332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0306
T. Safonova, G. Zaitseva
The goal of this review was to analyze current knowledge on dry eye disease pathogenesis in a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. Arguments are presented in favor of several possible pathogenic mechanisms of the disease development: inflammation and/or microcirculatory disorders aggravated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation of personal computers and by use of personal protective equipment.
{"title":"Pathogenetic Mechanisms Of Dry Eye Syndrome In A Novel Coronavirus Infection Caused By SARS-CoV-2","authors":"T. Safonova, G. Zaitseva","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0306","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this review was to analyze current knowledge on dry eye disease pathogenesis in a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. Arguments are presented in favor of several possible pathogenic mechanisms of the disease development: inflammation and/or microcirculatory disorders aggravated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation of personal computers and by use of personal protective equipment.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47497060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0312
A. Tyurin, Karina E. Akhiyarova, D.A. Valishin, L. D. Sadretdinova, L. N. Khusainova, N. Zagidullin, K. Gantseva, V. Pavlov
The objective of our study was the analysis of using immunosuppressive therapy in patients with COVID-19 at the Clinic of the Bashkir State Medical University. Material and methods — We conducted the analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters of inflammatory response in 322 patients with COVID-19 who received tocilizumab, baricitinib, high doses of dexamethasone, or standard therapy. Results — There was an increase in the levels of leukocytes (p=0.04) and neutrophils (p=0.002) in patients receiving tocilizumab, compared with standard therapy, on days 5 and 10 of a hospital stay. The level of C-reactive protein was initially elevated in all patients, but by day 5 of hospitalization it was significantly higher in patients treated with tocilizumab and baricitinib (p=0.0019 and p=0.013, respectively), compared with high-dose glucocorticoid therapy and standard treatment, against which the normalization of parameter values was noted. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio increased in the group of patients receiving tocilizumab and high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on day 5 of hospitalization (p=0.017 and p=0.004). When assessing the dynamics of pneumonia, based on computed tomography data, the median of changes exhibited an increase in the volume of lung damage in all groups, compared with the baseline level. Conclusion — Tocilizumab in the form of monotherapy effectively reduced inflammation, while the efficacy of baricitinib for stopping the cytokine storm in monotherapy was insufficient. Based on CT data, both target drugs did not stop the progression of lung lesions on day 5.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis Of Immunosuppressive Therapy Effectiveness In COVID-19 Patients","authors":"A. Tyurin, Karina E. Akhiyarova, D.A. Valishin, L. D. Sadretdinova, L. N. Khusainova, N. Zagidullin, K. Gantseva, V. Pavlov","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0312","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of our study was the analysis of using immunosuppressive therapy in patients with COVID-19 at the Clinic of the Bashkir State Medical University. Material and methods — We conducted the analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters of inflammatory response in 322 patients with COVID-19 who received tocilizumab, baricitinib, high doses of dexamethasone, or standard therapy. Results — There was an increase in the levels of leukocytes (p=0.04) and neutrophils (p=0.002) in patients receiving tocilizumab, compared with standard therapy, on days 5 and 10 of a hospital stay. The level of C-reactive protein was initially elevated in all patients, but by day 5 of hospitalization it was significantly higher in patients treated with tocilizumab and baricitinib (p=0.0019 and p=0.013, respectively), compared with high-dose glucocorticoid therapy and standard treatment, against which the normalization of parameter values was noted. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio increased in the group of patients receiving tocilizumab and high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on day 5 of hospitalization (p=0.017 and p=0.004). When assessing the dynamics of pneumonia, based on computed tomography data, the median of changes exhibited an increase in the volume of lung damage in all groups, compared with the baseline level. Conclusion — Tocilizumab in the form of monotherapy effectively reduced inflammation, while the efficacy of baricitinib for stopping the cytokine storm in monotherapy was insufficient. Based on CT data, both target drugs did not stop the progression of lung lesions on day 5.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42203295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0305
O. Kochetova, D. Avzaletdinova, G. Korytina
Background and objective — Chronic low-grade inflammation plays an important role in pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of our study was to determine the associations of polymorphic variants of inflammation genes with MetS and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Tatar patients (Bashkortostan). Methods — In our case-control cross-sectional study, 271 MetS patients and 327 healthy Tatars were genotyped for the SNPs in CRP, TNFA, LTA, TNFRSF1B genes. Results — TNFRSF1B (rs1061624) was associated with the MetS [odds ratio (OR)=0.49, рADJ=0.0034] and TNF-α level (p=0.033). TNFA (rs1800629) was associated with TNF-α (p=0.015), albuminuria (p=0.013). CRP (rs2794521) was associated with fasting (p=0.0096) and postprandial (p=0.01) insulin, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, p=0.0019), hsCRP (p=0.036), waist-hip ratio (WHR, p=0.007), body mass index (BMI, p=0.039). The participants having the C-C haplotype of CRP rs2794521-rs1130864 were more common among MetS patients (OR=1.99, p=0.032). T-T haplotype in CRP was associated with hsCRP (p=0.0043), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.025), HOMA-IR (p=0.00029), glycated hemoglobin (p=0.006), postprandial (p=0.0006) and fasting insulin (p=0.00031), WHR (p=0.00012), BMI (p=0.00024). Conclusions — The data confirms that the variants of inflammation genes CRP, TNFA, TNFRSF1B are associated with levels of TNF-α, hsCRP. Novel association of TNFRSF1B (rs1061624) with MetS had been identified.
{"title":"Association Of Inflammation Gene Polymorphism With Increased Risk Of Metabolic Syndrome In Tatar Ethnic Group","authors":"O. Kochetova, D. Avzaletdinova, G. Korytina","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0305","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective — Chronic low-grade inflammation plays an important role in pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of our study was to determine the associations of polymorphic variants of inflammation genes with MetS and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Tatar patients (Bashkortostan). Methods — In our case-control cross-sectional study, 271 MetS patients and 327 healthy Tatars were genotyped for the SNPs in CRP, TNFA, LTA, TNFRSF1B genes. Results — TNFRSF1B (rs1061624) was associated with the MetS [odds ratio (OR)=0.49, рADJ=0.0034] and TNF-α level (p=0.033). TNFA (rs1800629) was associated with TNF-α (p=0.015), albuminuria (p=0.013). CRP (rs2794521) was associated with fasting (p=0.0096) and postprandial (p=0.01) insulin, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, p=0.0019), hsCRP (p=0.036), waist-hip ratio (WHR, p=0.007), body mass index (BMI, p=0.039). The participants having the C-C haplotype of CRP rs2794521-rs1130864 were more common among MetS patients (OR=1.99, p=0.032). T-T haplotype in CRP was associated with hsCRP (p=0.0043), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.025), HOMA-IR (p=0.00029), glycated hemoglobin (p=0.006), postprandial (p=0.0006) and fasting insulin (p=0.00031), WHR (p=0.00012), BMI (p=0.00024). Conclusions — The data confirms that the variants of inflammation genes CRP, TNFA, TNFRSF1B are associated with levels of TNF-α, hsCRP. Novel association of TNFRSF1B (rs1061624) with MetS had been identified.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42928877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0301
V. Karnaukhov, E. Narodova, I. Demko, N. Shnayder, Valeriya V. Narodova, D. Dmitrenko, R. Nasyrova
The objective of our review was to analyze studies of prevalence sleep disorders among medical workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods — Overall, during the analyzed period, studying domestic and foreign databases, we identified 94 publications on the development of sleep disorders among medical personnel working during COVID–19 pandemic in 2000-2021. However, only 88 of these publications complied with the objective of the review. We included 75 full-text publications in this review. Results — Physicians and nurses during COVID-19 pandemic do not have the opportunity to take therapy aimed at combating the symptoms of sleep disorders, due to the need to maintain sufficient attention and the risk of developing excessive drowsiness while on duty in a COVID -19 hospital. The latter can have a negative impact on their professional activities. Thus, this problem certainly requires professional psychotherapeutic correction. Unfortunately, not all medical institutions have such specialists. Conclusion — Based on the literature review, we found out that health care workers have a high risk of developing sleep disorders. This can include violations of the circadian rhythm, a decrease in the quality and duration of night sleep, daytime hypersomnia caused by shift work in a hospital. An additional factor affecting the frequency and severity of sleep disorders in healthcare workers (physicians and nurses) is chronic stress, the importance of which has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, the above problem has not been completely solved and requires research in this area and the development of new programs to help medical personnel.
{"title":"Prevalence Of Sleep Disorders Among Physicians And Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"V. Karnaukhov, E. Narodova, I. Demko, N. Shnayder, Valeriya V. Narodova, D. Dmitrenko, R. Nasyrova","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0301","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of our review was to analyze studies of prevalence sleep disorders among medical workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods — Overall, during the analyzed period, studying domestic and foreign databases, we identified 94 publications on the development of sleep disorders among medical personnel working during COVID–19 pandemic in 2000-2021. However, only 88 of these publications complied with the objective of the review. We included 75 full-text publications in this review. Results — Physicians and nurses during COVID-19 pandemic do not have the opportunity to take therapy aimed at combating the symptoms of sleep disorders, due to the need to maintain sufficient attention and the risk of developing excessive drowsiness while on duty in a COVID -19 hospital. The latter can have a negative impact on their professional activities. Thus, this problem certainly requires professional psychotherapeutic correction. Unfortunately, not all medical institutions have such specialists. Conclusion — Based on the literature review, we found out that health care workers have a high risk of developing sleep disorders. This can include violations of the circadian rhythm, a decrease in the quality and duration of night sleep, daytime hypersomnia caused by shift work in a hospital. An additional factor affecting the frequency and severity of sleep disorders in healthcare workers (physicians and nurses) is chronic stress, the importance of which has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, the above problem has not been completely solved and requires research in this area and the development of new programs to help medical personnel.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44845393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0302
D. A. Gladchenko, L. V. Roshchina, S. M. Bogdanov, A. Chelnokov
The objective of our research was to examine an effect of 20-minute electrical stimulation session of the spinal cord (tESCS) on the manifestation of reciprocal and presynaptic inhibition in the system of shin antagonist muscles in healthy individuals in a state of a relative muscle rest and weak muscle effort, along with possible physiological mechanisms of these manifestations. Material and Methods — The study involved 10 healthy men 27 to 35 years of age. Reciprocal and presynaptic inhibition was evaluated by suppressing the amplitude of testing H-reflex of m. soleus under conditions of conditioning stimulation of n. peroneus profundus and testing stimulation of n. tibialis with interstimulus intervals of 3 ms and 100 ms, respectively. Reciprocal inhibition and presynaptic inhibition were recorded during a 20-minute tESCS in the area of T11-T12 thoracic vertebrae at rest, in combination with voluntary muscular effort (5% of the maximum voluntary contraction), and after the stimulation. Results — During 20-minute electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at rest, the severity of reciprocal inhibition decreased, inverting to reciprocal facilitation, while presynaptic inhibition weakened only at the twentieth minute of stimulation; and in the postactivation period, the activity of spinal inhibition processes in the antagonist muscle system corresponded to background values. The most pronounced effect of prolonged tESCS was observed when performing a weak isometric contraction, which was accompanied by an increase in reciprocal inhibition activity during 10 minutes of exposure and 10 minutes after the end of stimulation. The severity of presynaptic inhibition during and after the spinal cord stimulation remained unchanged and complied with background values. The presynaptic inhibition activity was expressed to a greater extent during prolonged stimulation of the spinal cord at rest, and when performing a weak voluntary effort, as well as during the postactivation period. Conclusion — Changes in the spinal inhibitory interactions in the system of antagonist muscles on the basis of tESCS effects during arbitrary muscle tension could probably be explained by the fact that in this case, the inhibitory interneuron circuits of spinal cord were exposed to a wider range supraspinally descending and ascending peripheral effects, compared with spinal cord stimulation in a state of a relative muscle rest.
{"title":"Effect Of Transcutaneous Electrical Spinal Cord Stimulation On The Functional Activity Of Reciprocal And Presynaptic Inhibition In Healthy Subjects","authors":"D. A. Gladchenko, L. V. Roshchina, S. M. Bogdanov, A. Chelnokov","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0302","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of our research was to examine an effect of 20-minute electrical stimulation session of the spinal cord (tESCS) on the manifestation of reciprocal and presynaptic inhibition in the system of shin antagonist muscles in healthy individuals in a state of a relative muscle rest and weak muscle effort, along with possible physiological mechanisms of these manifestations. Material and Methods — The study involved 10 healthy men 27 to 35 years of age. Reciprocal and presynaptic inhibition was evaluated by suppressing the amplitude of testing H-reflex of m. soleus under conditions of conditioning stimulation of n. peroneus profundus and testing stimulation of n. tibialis with interstimulus intervals of 3 ms and 100 ms, respectively. Reciprocal inhibition and presynaptic inhibition were recorded during a 20-minute tESCS in the area of T11-T12 thoracic vertebrae at rest, in combination with voluntary muscular effort (5% of the maximum voluntary contraction), and after the stimulation. Results — During 20-minute electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at rest, the severity of reciprocal inhibition decreased, inverting to reciprocal facilitation, while presynaptic inhibition weakened only at the twentieth minute of stimulation; and in the postactivation period, the activity of spinal inhibition processes in the antagonist muscle system corresponded to background values. The most pronounced effect of prolonged tESCS was observed when performing a weak isometric contraction, which was accompanied by an increase in reciprocal inhibition activity during 10 minutes of exposure and 10 minutes after the end of stimulation. The severity of presynaptic inhibition during and after the spinal cord stimulation remained unchanged and complied with background values. The presynaptic inhibition activity was expressed to a greater extent during prolonged stimulation of the spinal cord at rest, and when performing a weak voluntary effort, as well as during the postactivation period. Conclusion — Changes in the spinal inhibitory interactions in the system of antagonist muscles on the basis of tESCS effects during arbitrary muscle tension could probably be explained by the fact that in this case, the inhibitory interneuron circuits of spinal cord were exposed to a wider range supraspinally descending and ascending peripheral effects, compared with spinal cord stimulation in a state of a relative muscle rest.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44254144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0303
L. S. Vasilyeva, M. Kobets, Olga A. Makarova
The goal was to identify the changes in blood levels of hormones, cytokines, and the number of leukocytes associated with the success of laser treatment of hypertrophic scars. Material and Methods — The lipid, hormonal, cytokine and leukocyte composition of blood was studied in 15 women with normotrophic scars (Group 1) and 30 women with hypertrophic scars (Group 2). Blood was taken before treatment on days 5-7 of the menstrual cycle, followed by laser treatment. The clinical parameters of scars were assessed before treatment and 3 months after it, and two subgroups were identified: with a successful treatment outcome (2a) and with an unsuccessful outcome (2b). A retrospective analysis of blood composition was performed in each subgroup. The data were processed using the methods of nonparametric statistics. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results — At a successful treatment outcome, the clinical parameters of scars were associated with low estradiol level, high progesterone content and high number of segmented neutrophils. These changes create conditions for scar hypertrophy, but retain the body’s capability of responding to the treatment by inflammatory process with normotrophic scarring. At an unsuccessful treatment outcome, the scar hypertrophy was restored under conditions of low blood content of luteinizing hormone, and high levels of growth hormone and transforming growth factor β. Conclusion — Features of changes in the blood levels of hormones, cytokines, and leukocyte content are associated with the success of laser treatment of hypertrophic scars.
{"title":"Blood Levels Of Hormones, Cytokines And Leukocyte Content Versus Hypertrophic Scar Laser Treatment Outcome","authors":"L. S. Vasilyeva, M. Kobets, Olga A. Makarova","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0303","url":null,"abstract":"The goal was to identify the changes in blood levels of hormones, cytokines, and the number of leukocytes associated with the success of laser treatment of hypertrophic scars. Material and Methods — The lipid, hormonal, cytokine and leukocyte composition of blood was studied in 15 women with normotrophic scars (Group 1) and 30 women with hypertrophic scars (Group 2). Blood was taken before treatment on days 5-7 of the menstrual cycle, followed by laser treatment. The clinical parameters of scars were assessed before treatment and 3 months after it, and two subgroups were identified: with a successful treatment outcome (2a) and with an unsuccessful outcome (2b). A retrospective analysis of blood composition was performed in each subgroup. The data were processed using the methods of nonparametric statistics. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results — At a successful treatment outcome, the clinical parameters of scars were associated with low estradiol level, high progesterone content and high number of segmented neutrophils. These changes create conditions for scar hypertrophy, but retain the body’s capability of responding to the treatment by inflammatory process with normotrophic scarring. At an unsuccessful treatment outcome, the scar hypertrophy was restored under conditions of low blood content of luteinizing hormone, and high levels of growth hormone and transforming growth factor β. Conclusion — Features of changes in the blood levels of hormones, cytokines, and leukocyte content are associated with the success of laser treatment of hypertrophic scars.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48552903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0313
R. Mustafin, A. Kazantseva, Yulia V. Kovas, E. Khusnutdinova
Retroelements play a key role in brain functioning in humans and other animals, since they represent dynamic regulatory elements controlling the expression of specific neuron types. The activity of retroelements in the brain is impaired under the influence of SARS-CoV-2, penetrating the blood-brain barrier. We propose a new concept, according to which the neurological complications of COVID-19 and their long-term effects are caused by modified expression of retroelements in neurons due to viral effect. This effect is implemented in several ways: a direct effect of the virus on the promoter regions of retroelement-encoding genes, virus interaction with miRNAs causing silencing of transposons, and an effect of the viral RNA on the products of retroelement transcription. Aging-related physiological activation of retroelements in the elderly is responsible for more severe course of COVID-19. The associations of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with coronavirus lesions also indicate the role of retroelements in such complications, because retroelements are involved in the mechanisms of the development of these diseases. According to meta-analyses, COVID-19-caused neurological complications ranged 36.4-73%. The neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19 are observed in patients over a long period after recovery, and their prevalence may exceed those during the acute phase of the disease. Even 12 months after recovery, unmotivated fatigue, headache, mental disorders, and neurocognitive impairment were observed in 82%, 60%, 26.2-45%, and 16.2-46.8% of patients, correspondingly. These manifestations are explained by the role of retroelements in the integration of SARS-CoV-2 into the human genome using their reverse transcriptase and endonuclease, which results in a long-term viral persistence. The research on the role of specific retroelements in these changes can become the basis for developing targeted therapy for neurological consequences of COVID-19 using miRNAs, since epigenetic changes in the functioning of the genome in neurons, affected by transposons, are reversible.
{"title":"Role Of Retroelements In The Development Of COVID-19 Neurological Consequences","authors":"R. Mustafin, A. Kazantseva, Yulia V. Kovas, E. Khusnutdinova","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0313","url":null,"abstract":"Retroelements play a key role in brain functioning in humans and other animals, since they represent dynamic regulatory elements controlling the expression of specific neuron types. The activity of retroelements in the brain is impaired under the influence of SARS-CoV-2, penetrating the blood-brain barrier. We propose a new concept, according to which the neurological complications of COVID-19 and their long-term effects are caused by modified expression of retroelements in neurons due to viral effect. This effect is implemented in several ways: a direct effect of the virus on the promoter regions of retroelement-encoding genes, virus interaction with miRNAs causing silencing of transposons, and an effect of the viral RNA on the products of retroelement transcription. Aging-related physiological activation of retroelements in the elderly is responsible for more severe course of COVID-19. The associations of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with coronavirus lesions also indicate the role of retroelements in such complications, because retroelements are involved in the mechanisms of the development of these diseases. According to meta-analyses, COVID-19-caused neurological complications ranged 36.4-73%. The neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19 are observed in patients over a long period after recovery, and their prevalence may exceed those during the acute phase of the disease. Even 12 months after recovery, unmotivated fatigue, headache, mental disorders, and neurocognitive impairment were observed in 82%, 60%, 26.2-45%, and 16.2-46.8% of patients, correspondingly. These manifestations are explained by the role of retroelements in the integration of SARS-CoV-2 into the human genome using their reverse transcriptase and endonuclease, which results in a long-term viral persistence. The research on the role of specific retroelements in these changes can become the basis for developing targeted therapy for neurological consequences of COVID-19 using miRNAs, since epigenetic changes in the functioning of the genome in neurons, affected by transposons, are reversible.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47714819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0310
R. Tokmachev, S. Avdeev, Andrey Ya. Kravchenko, A. Budnevsky, E. S. Ovsyannikov
Objective — to evaluate the effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the level of cytokines and the functional status of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with different categories of left ventricular ejection fraction. Methods — The study included 240 patients 40–70 years of age with CHF. All patients were divided into four groups: 69 CHF patients with preserved ejection fraction (CHFpEF), 91 CHF patients with reduced ejection fraction (CHFrEF), 36 COPD patients with CHFpEF and 44 COPD patients with CHFrEF. All participants underwent echocardiography, six-minute walk test (6MWT), the results of which were compared with the predicted six-minute walk distance: 6МWD (i). Additionally, we assessed the levels of NT-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) in patient blood samples. Results — Patients with CHFpEF had higher levels of hs-CRP and proinflammatory cytokines as compared with patients with CHFrEF. The levels of NT-proBNP were higher in patients with COPD and CHF, compared with patients with CHF alone. A negative effect of COPD on the functional status of CHF patients with different EF values was established by the lower 6MWT values and 6MWD/6MWD ratio (i). An increase in the level of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 soluble forms (sST2) was noted in patients with COPD and CHF as compared with the isolated course of cardiac pathology patients. Conclusion — We established that unfavorable effect of COPD on patients with CHF was caused by disadvantageous values of NT-proBNP, ST2, 6MWT, and 6MWD/6MWD (i) ratio.
{"title":"Functional Status And Cytokine Profile Assessment In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease And Chronic Heart Failure","authors":"R. Tokmachev, S. Avdeev, Andrey Ya. Kravchenko, A. Budnevsky, E. S. Ovsyannikov","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0310","url":null,"abstract":"Objective — to evaluate the effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the level of cytokines and the functional status of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with different categories of left ventricular ejection fraction. Methods — The study included 240 patients 40–70 years of age with CHF. All patients were divided into four groups: 69 CHF patients with preserved ejection fraction (CHFpEF), 91 CHF patients with reduced ejection fraction (CHFrEF), 36 COPD patients with CHFpEF and 44 COPD patients with CHFrEF. All participants underwent echocardiography, six-minute walk test (6MWT), the results of which were compared with the predicted six-minute walk distance: 6МWD (i). Additionally, we assessed the levels of NT-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) in patient blood samples. Results — Patients with CHFpEF had higher levels of hs-CRP and proinflammatory cytokines as compared with patients with CHFrEF. The levels of NT-proBNP were higher in patients with COPD and CHF, compared with patients with CHF alone. A negative effect of COPD on the functional status of CHF patients with different EF values was established by the lower 6MWT values and 6MWD/6MWD ratio (i). An increase in the level of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 soluble forms (sST2) was noted in patients with COPD and CHF as compared with the isolated course of cardiac pathology patients. Conclusion — We established that unfavorable effect of COPD on patients with CHF was caused by disadvantageous values of NT-proBNP, ST2, 6MWT, and 6MWD/6MWD (i) ratio.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49563115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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