Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v69i2.44194
Viviane Nunes dos Santos, C. A. Fernandes Santos, Viseldo Ribeiro de Oliveira, Antonio Elton Da Silva Costa, Fabricio Francisco Santos da Silva
Introduction: Spondias tuberosa is a tree endemic to the semiarid region of Brazil with fruticulture potential. Objective: To estimate the diversity and genetic structure of S. tuberosa accessions from four areas of the semiarid region of Brazil, in order to facilitate conservation genetic resources studies in this species. Methods: DNA was extracted, using the CTAB 2x method, from leaf samples of 24 accessions of S. tuberosa available in the germplasm bank at Embrapa Semiárido, Brazil. Ten microsatellite loci were used in this study. Results: The UPGMA dendrogram, generated with a Jaccard coefficient similarity matrix, contains four groups at a 0.44 cutoff point. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.30 to 0.84, indicating great divergence among the accessions. A Bayesian analysis conducted with the software Structure suggests there are two subpopulations, one formed by accessions from the Januária region and another by accessions from the Juazeiro, Uauá and Petrolina regions. The ΦST value of 0.12 for the analysis of molecular variance indicates moderate genetic differentiation among the four populations, suggesting that the genetic variability is moderately structured in function of region. Conclusions: Together, the analyses indicate that the genetic diversity of S. tuberosa is not uniformly distributed in the studied regions. Thus, germplasm from a greater number of populations should be collected to increase the germplasm bank genetic diversity of the species.
{"title":"Diversity and genetic structure of Spondias tuberosa (Anacardiaceae) accessions based on microsatellite loci","authors":"Viviane Nunes dos Santos, C. A. Fernandes Santos, Viseldo Ribeiro de Oliveira, Antonio Elton Da Silva Costa, Fabricio Francisco Santos da Silva","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v69i2.44194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69i2.44194","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Spondias tuberosa is a tree endemic to the semiarid region of Brazil with fruticulture potential. Objective: To estimate the diversity and genetic structure of S. tuberosa accessions from four areas of the semiarid region of Brazil, in order to facilitate conservation genetic resources studies in this species. Methods: DNA was extracted, using the CTAB 2x method, from leaf samples of 24 accessions of S. tuberosa available in the germplasm bank at Embrapa Semiárido, Brazil. Ten microsatellite loci were used in this study. Results: The UPGMA dendrogram, generated with a Jaccard coefficient similarity matrix, contains four groups at a 0.44 cutoff point. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.30 to 0.84, indicating great divergence among the accessions. A Bayesian analysis conducted with the software Structure suggests there are two subpopulations, one formed by accessions from the Januária region and another by accessions from the Juazeiro, Uauá and Petrolina regions. The ΦST value of 0.12 for the analysis of molecular variance indicates moderate genetic differentiation among the four populations, suggesting that the genetic variability is moderately structured in function of region. Conclusions: Together, the analyses indicate that the genetic diversity of S. tuberosa is not uniformly distributed in the studied regions. Thus, germplasm from a greater number of populations should be collected to increase the germplasm bank genetic diversity of the species.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76938223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-24DOI: 10.15517/RBT.V69ISUPPL.1.46384
Jimena Pía-Fernández, Florencia Belén-Chaar, L. Epherra, Jorge-Marcelo González-Aravena, T. Rubilar
Introduction: Embryonic and larval development in sea urchins is highly dependent on maternal nutritional status and on the environmental conditions of the seawater. Objective: To compare the development of Arbacia dufresnii in two different water temperatures and in progeny with varying maternal origins. Methods: We induced A. dufresnii females and males from Nuevo Gulf to spawn, collected the eggs of each female individually (progeny), separated them into two seawater temperatures (12 and 17 °C), and fertilized them. We recorded the percentage of fertilized eggs and embryos per developmental stage according to time, temperature and progeny. We measured larval growth by total length (TL) and midline body length (M) according to time post fecundation (DPF), temperature, and progeny. Results: Temperature did not affect fertilization, but embryo development was faster and more synchronized in the high temperature treatment. The generalized linear models indicate that embryo development depends on a quadruple interaction between the embryonic stage, time (h), seawater temperature and progeny. Larval growth was faster, producing larger larvae at the highest temperature. Larval growth depends on a triple interaction between time (DPF), seawater temperature and progeny. Conclusions: We found a temperature and progeny impact during embryonic and larval development and, in both cases, these factors generate a synergistic effect on developmental timing and larval size. This probably provides a survival advantage as a more rapid speed of development implies a decrease in the time spent in the water column, where the sea urchins are vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stressors.
{"title":"Embryonic and larval development is conditioned by water temperature and maternal origin of eggs in the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)","authors":"Jimena Pía-Fernández, Florencia Belén-Chaar, L. Epherra, Jorge-Marcelo González-Aravena, T. Rubilar","doi":"10.15517/RBT.V69ISUPPL.1.46384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RBT.V69ISUPPL.1.46384","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Embryonic and larval development in sea urchins is highly dependent on maternal nutritional status and on the environmental conditions of the seawater. Objective: To compare the development of Arbacia dufresnii in two different water temperatures and in progeny with varying maternal origins. Methods: We induced A. dufresnii females and males from Nuevo Gulf to spawn, collected the eggs of each female individually (progeny), separated them into two seawater temperatures (12 and 17 °C), and fertilized them. We recorded the percentage of fertilized eggs and embryos per developmental stage according to time, temperature and progeny. We measured larval growth by total length (TL) and midline body length (M) according to time post fecundation (DPF), temperature, and progeny. Results: Temperature did not affect fertilization, but embryo development was faster and more synchronized in the high temperature treatment. The generalized linear models indicate that embryo development depends on a quadruple interaction between the embryonic stage, time (h), seawater temperature and progeny. Larval growth was faster, producing larger larvae at the highest temperature. Larval growth depends on a triple interaction between time (DPF), seawater temperature and progeny. Conclusions: We found a temperature and progeny impact during embryonic and larval development and, in both cases, these factors generate a synergistic effect on developmental timing and larval size. This probably provides a survival advantage as a more rapid speed of development implies a decrease in the time spent in the water column, where the sea urchins are vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stressors.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77127960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.15517/RBT.V69I2.40809
J. R. Pereira, K. Gorlach-Lira, Bruno O. de Veras
Introduction: The coral-associated bacteria with antimicrobial activity may be important to promote the health of their host through various interactions, and may be explored as a source of new bioactive compounds. Objective: To analyze the antimicrobial activity of bacteria associated with the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum from the coral reefs of Carapibus, Paraiba state, Brazil. Methods: The phylogenetic analysis of the bacteria was conducted based on partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene using molecular and bioinformatics tools. The antimicrobial activity of the 49 isolates was tested against four bacterial strains and one yeast strain: Bacillus cereus (CCT0198), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The antibiosis and antibiogram assays were conducted and the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method. Results: The bacterial isolates belonged to Firmicutes phylum (84 % of the isolates) and the Proteobacteria phylum (16 % of the isolates). Among the 49 isolates five genera were found, with the Bacillus genus being the most abundant (82 % of the isolates), followed by Vibrio (10 %), Pseudomonas (4 %), Staphylococcus (2 %) and Alteromonas (2 %). Antibiosis test revealed that 16 isolates (33 %) showed antimicrobial activity against one or more of five tested reference strains. The highest number of antagonistic bacteria were found in the Bacillus genus (12 isolates), followed by Vibrio (three isolates) and Pseudomonas (one isolate) genera. The B. subtilis NC8 was the only isolate that inhibited all tested strains in the antibiosis assay. However, antibiogram test with post-culture cell-free supernatant of NC8 isolate showed the inhibition of only B. cereus, S. aureus and C. albicans, and the lyophilized and dialyzed material of this isolate inhibited only B. cereus. The lyophilized material showed bacteriostatic activity against B. cereus, with a MIC value of 125 μg/μl, and in the cytotoxicity assay, the hemolysis value was of 4.8 %, indicating its low cytotoxicity. Conclusions: The results show the antimicrobial potential of some bacterial isolates associated with the P. caribaeourum tissue, especially those belonged to Bacillus genus.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of bacteria isolated from tissue of the coral Palythoa caribaeorum (Zoantharia: Sphenopidae) from Paraíba, Brazil coastal reefs","authors":"J. R. Pereira, K. Gorlach-Lira, Bruno O. de Veras","doi":"10.15517/RBT.V69I2.40809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RBT.V69I2.40809","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The coral-associated bacteria with antimicrobial activity may be important to promote the health of their host through various interactions, and may be explored as a source of new bioactive compounds. Objective: To analyze the antimicrobial activity of bacteria associated with the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum from the coral reefs of Carapibus, Paraiba state, Brazil. Methods: The phylogenetic analysis of the bacteria was conducted based on partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene using molecular and bioinformatics tools. The antimicrobial activity of the 49 isolates was tested against four bacterial strains and one yeast strain: Bacillus cereus (CCT0198), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The antibiosis and antibiogram assays were conducted and the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method. Results: The bacterial isolates belonged to Firmicutes phylum (84 % of the isolates) and the Proteobacteria phylum (16 % of the isolates). Among the 49 isolates five genera were found, with the Bacillus genus being the most abundant (82 % of the isolates), followed by Vibrio (10 %), Pseudomonas (4 %), Staphylococcus (2 %) and Alteromonas (2 %). Antibiosis test revealed that 16 isolates (33 %) showed antimicrobial activity against one or more of five tested reference strains. The highest number of antagonistic bacteria were found in the Bacillus genus (12 isolates), followed by Vibrio (three isolates) and Pseudomonas (one isolate) genera. The B. subtilis NC8 was the only isolate that inhibited all tested strains in the antibiosis assay. However, antibiogram test with post-culture cell-free supernatant of NC8 isolate showed the inhibition of only B. cereus, S. aureus and C. albicans, and the lyophilized and dialyzed material of this isolate inhibited only B. cereus. The lyophilized material showed bacteriostatic activity against B. cereus, with a MIC value of 125 μg/μl, and in the cytotoxicity assay, the hemolysis value was of 4.8 %, indicating its low cytotoxicity. Conclusions: The results show the antimicrobial potential of some bacterial isolates associated with the P. caribaeourum tissue, especially those belonged to Bacillus genus.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85090615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.15517/RBT.V69I2.43961
J. Guerrero-Casado, J. Monge-Nájera
Introduction: There are no studies that specifically compare research output of Palearctic and Neotropical mammalogy; such comparison would be useful for informed decisions in conservation and management. Objective: To compare the scientific documents and citations about Palearctic and Neotropical mammals over half a century. Methods: We compared 50 years (1970-2019) of documents on 60 medium and large-sized (heavier than 1 kg) mammal species, in Scopus and the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, considering number of documents and four citation indicators at the species level (h-index, citation rate, total citations, and citations per year). Results: We retrieved 13 274 documents in Scopus and 12 913 in WoS. We found that Palearctic mammals have 3.77 times more documents than Neotropical species in Scopus (3.91 times in WoS), and that the documents recorded 5.95 more total citations in Scopus (6.93 times more in WoS). Palearctic documents also record more yearly citations and a higher h-index in both Scopus and WoS. Scopus retrieved more articles for Neotropical species (2 782 vs. 2 631 in WoS) and had more citations (28 120 vs. 24 977 in WoS); differences for the citation indicators between regions were marker in WoS. The h-index and total citations are greatly affected by how many studies are published, i.e. the region with more production is the one with higher values. The Neotropical articles showed a greater growth rate in the last decade, decreasing the gap between both regions. Conclusion: There is a regional bias in WoS and Scopus, which retrieve more articles and citations about Palearctic mammals than about Neotropical mammals; this bias is worse in WoS and means that an urgent increase in indexed research about Neotropical species is needed to be on par with Palearctic research.
{"title":"The geographic bias of mammal studies: a comparison of a half a century of research on Palearctic and Neotropical mammals","authors":"J. Guerrero-Casado, J. Monge-Nájera","doi":"10.15517/RBT.V69I2.43961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RBT.V69I2.43961","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There are no studies that specifically compare research output of Palearctic and Neotropical mammalogy; such comparison would be useful for informed decisions in conservation and management. Objective: To compare the scientific documents and citations about Palearctic and Neotropical mammals over half a century. Methods: We compared 50 years (1970-2019) of documents on 60 medium and large-sized (heavier than 1 kg) mammal species, in Scopus and the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, considering number of documents and four citation indicators at the species level (h-index, citation rate, total citations, and citations per year). Results: We retrieved 13 274 documents in Scopus and 12 913 in WoS. We found that Palearctic mammals have 3.77 times more documents than Neotropical species in Scopus (3.91 times in WoS), and that the documents recorded 5.95 more total citations in Scopus (6.93 times more in WoS). Palearctic documents also record more yearly citations and a higher h-index in both Scopus and WoS. Scopus retrieved more articles for Neotropical species (2 782 vs. 2 631 in WoS) and had more citations (28 120 vs. 24 977 in WoS); differences for the citation indicators between regions were marker in WoS. The h-index and total citations are greatly affected by how many studies are published, i.e. the region with more production is the one with higher values. The Neotropical articles showed a greater growth rate in the last decade, decreasing the gap between both regions. Conclusion: There is a regional bias in WoS and Scopus, which retrieve more articles and citations about Palearctic mammals than about Neotropical mammals; this bias is worse in WoS and means that an urgent increase in indexed research about Neotropical species is needed to be on par with Palearctic research.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88062421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v69i1.38777
A. Santos-Moreno, Itandehui Hernández-Aguilar
Introduction: Reproduction is a critical phase for most living organisms and in bats the reproductive strategies exhibit considerable complexity and variability. Objective: In this paper, we describe the reproductive patterns and population dynamics of seven bat species (Artibeus toltecus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, Mormoops megalophylla, Pteronotus davyi, Pteronotus parnellii and Natalus stramineus) that roost in a mine (La Mina) and two caves (El Apanguito and Cerro Huatulco) found in the municipalities of Pluma Hidalgo and Santa Maria Huatulco, in the State of Oaxaca, in southeastern México. Methods: Sampling was conducted once a month from July 2016 to June 2017. Results: A total of 5 836 bats were captured, tagged and, released, including 14 species, 10 genera, and five families. The most abundant species were Pteronotus davyi and P. parnellii, representing 41.01 % and 32.34 % of the captures, respectively. Artibeus toltecus, Carollia perspicillata, and Glossophaga soricina showed seasonal bimodal polyoestry without a postpartum oestrus pattern, whereas Mormoops megalophylla, Natalus stramineus, Pteronotus davyi, and Pteronotus parnellii showed a restricted seasonal monoestrous pattern. Conclusions: The reproductive activity of each species seems to be synchronized with the beginning of the rainy season. Future studies should consider aspects of vaginal cytology and include environmental factors to better understand the relationship of certain factors with the onset of reproductive activity of neotropical bat species.
{"title":"Estimation of bat colony size even with low recapture rates: an example based on the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model in Oaxaca, México","authors":"A. Santos-Moreno, Itandehui Hernández-Aguilar","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v69i1.38777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69i1.38777","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Reproduction is a critical phase for most living organisms and in bats the reproductive strategies exhibit considerable complexity and variability. Objective: In this paper, we describe the reproductive patterns and population dynamics of seven bat species (Artibeus toltecus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, Mormoops megalophylla, Pteronotus davyi, Pteronotus parnellii and Natalus stramineus) that roost in a mine (La Mina) and two caves (El Apanguito and Cerro Huatulco) found in the municipalities of Pluma Hidalgo and Santa Maria Huatulco, in the State of Oaxaca, in southeastern México. Methods: Sampling was conducted once a month from July 2016 to June 2017. Results: A total of 5 836 bats were captured, tagged and, released, including 14 species, 10 genera, and five families. The most abundant species were Pteronotus davyi and P. parnellii, representing 41.01 % and 32.34 % of the captures, respectively. Artibeus toltecus, Carollia perspicillata, and Glossophaga soricina showed seasonal bimodal polyoestry without a postpartum oestrus pattern, whereas Mormoops megalophylla, Natalus stramineus, Pteronotus davyi, and Pteronotus parnellii showed a restricted seasonal monoestrous pattern. Conclusions: The reproductive activity of each species seems to be synchronized with the beginning of the rainy season. Future studies should consider aspects of vaginal cytology and include environmental factors to better understand the relationship of certain factors with the onset of reproductive activity of neotropical bat species. ","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82321187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-22DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v68is2.44348
Lida-Marcela Hincapié-Usma, Pamela-Andrea Restrepo, Lida Marcela Franco Pérez, Pamela Andrea, Hincapié-Usma, C. Restrepo, S. A. Balaguera-Reina, Giovany Guevara
Introduction: The Neotropical Otter, Lontra longicaudis, is a semi-aquatic mammal that ranges from Mexico to Argentina inhabiting near-pristine watercourses, but also human-dominated aquatic and riparian landscapes. Objective: We assessed the distribution and habitat use frequency of L. longicaudis in La Miel I hydroelectric power dam and its influence area in the Department of Caldas, Colombia. Methods: We carried out diurnal surveys across standardized transects between 2014 and 2018 looking for records (sightings, faeces, tracks, and dens) that indicate the presence of the species. Each yearly survey was done during 12 consecutive days over three seasonal sampling periods assessing the upstream, reservoir, and downstream waterscape areas. Results: We sampled a total of 875 km in a five-year period across the three main waterscape areas (upstream -103 km, reservoir -582 km, and downstream -190 km) registering a total of 1 496 records. Faeces were the most common record (~ 95 %) across the whole study area followed by sightings, dens (1.7 % each), and tracks (1.3 %). Spatial distribution analyses suggest that L. longicaudis prefers dwelling upstream watercourses (hot spots areas; Gi Z-score = 4.46, p < 0.001) and in a lesser extent, areas around the water reservoir (cold spot areas; Gi Z-score = -2.69, p = 0.007). Signs of otters were also recorded at downstream area, but these records were non-significant within the analysis (Gi Z-score = -0.11, p = 0.48), suggesting L. longicaudis uses this area opportunistically. Cluster and outlier analysis showed that even though L. longicaudis was commonly found upstream and in the reservoir area, only some specific sectors (Moro, La Miel and Tasajos rivers) had high (LMI Z-score = 5.63, p = 0.001) and low (LMI Z-score = 2.12, p = 0.001) clusters. Conclusions: The upstream waterscape area is key for the survival of L. longicaudis in this regulated system, likely providing enough shelter and food for the species to carry out living activities and have resident populations. In contrast, downstream areas require specific attention to understand in a better way the effects of caused by the dam on the species dynamics, also defining management strategies that avoid population fragmentation and movement reduction.
简介:新热带水獭，Lontra longicaudis，是一种半水生哺乳动物，分布在墨西哥到阿根廷的近原始水道中，但也居住在人类主导的水生和河岸景观中。目的:对哥伦比亚卡尔达斯省La Miel I水电站大坝及其影响区域的长毛象分布和生境利用频率进行调查。方法:我们在2014年至2018年期间对标准化样带进行了每日调查，寻找表明该物种存在的记录(目击、粪便、足迹和巢穴)。每年的调查在连续12天内进行，分为三个季节取样期，评估上游、水库和下游水景区。结果:在5年的时间里，我们在三个主要水景区(上游-103 km，水库-582 km，下游-190 km)共采集了875 km，记录了1 496条记录。粪便是整个研究区域最常见的记录(约95%)，其次是目击，洞穴(各1.7%)和足迹(1.3%)。空间分布分析表明，长尾白蛉偏好栖息于上游河道(热点地区);Gi Z-score = 4.46, p < 0.001)，在较小程度上，水库周围地区(冷点地区;Gi Z-score = -2.69, p = 0.007)。在下游地区也有水獭出没的迹象，但在分析中这些记录不显著(Gi Z-score = -0.11, p = 0.48)，说明长尾水獭利用了该地区的机会性。聚类分析和离群值分析结果表明，尽管长尾螺在上游和库区普遍存在，但只有部分特定河段(Moro河、La Miel河和Tasajos河)存在高聚类(LMI Z-score = 5.63, p = 0.001)和低聚类(LMI Z-score = 2.12, p = 0.001)。结论:上游水景区是该调控系统中长石斛生存的关键区域，可能为长石斛提供了足够的栖息和食物，使其能够进行生活活动并形成常住种群。相比之下，下游地区需要特别注意，以更好地了解大坝对物种动态的影响，并制定管理策略，避免种群分裂和减少移动。
{"title":"Distribution and habitat use intensity of the Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis) in a Colombian hydroelectric dam","authors":"Lida-Marcela Hincapié-Usma, Pamela-Andrea Restrepo, Lida Marcela Franco Pérez, Pamela Andrea, Hincapié-Usma, C. Restrepo, S. A. Balaguera-Reina, Giovany Guevara","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v68is2.44348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68is2.44348","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Neotropical Otter, Lontra longicaudis, is a semi-aquatic mammal that ranges from Mexico to Argentina inhabiting near-pristine watercourses, but also human-dominated aquatic and riparian landscapes. Objective: We assessed the distribution and habitat use frequency of L. longicaudis in La Miel I hydroelectric power dam and its influence area in the Department of Caldas, Colombia. Methods: We carried out diurnal surveys across standardized transects between 2014 and 2018 looking for records (sightings, faeces, tracks, and dens) that indicate the presence of the species. Each yearly survey was done during 12 consecutive days over three seasonal sampling periods assessing the upstream, reservoir, and downstream waterscape areas. Results: We sampled a total of 875 km in a five-year period across the three main waterscape areas (upstream -103 km, reservoir -582 km, and downstream -190 km) registering a total of 1 496 records. Faeces were the most common record (~ 95 %) across the whole study area followed by sightings, dens (1.7 % each), and tracks (1.3 %). Spatial distribution analyses suggest that L. longicaudis prefers dwelling upstream watercourses (hot spots areas; Gi Z-score = 4.46, p < 0.001) and in a lesser extent, areas around the water reservoir (cold spot areas; Gi Z-score = -2.69, p = 0.007). Signs of otters were also recorded at downstream area, but these records were non-significant within the analysis (Gi Z-score = -0.11, p = 0.48), suggesting L. longicaudis uses this area opportunistically. Cluster and outlier analysis showed that even though L. longicaudis was commonly found upstream and in the reservoir area, only some specific sectors (Moro, La Miel and Tasajos rivers) had high (LMI Z-score = 5.63, p = 0.001) and low (LMI Z-score = 2.12, p = 0.001) clusters. Conclusions: The upstream waterscape area is key for the survival of L. longicaudis in this regulated system, likely providing enough shelter and food for the species to carry out living activities and have resident populations. In contrast, downstream areas require specific attention to understand in a better way the effects of caused by the dam on the species dynamics, also defining management strategies that avoid population fragmentation and movement reduction.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81657558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-12DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v68i2.37041
G. Ruiz-Campos, A. Varela‐Romero, David Ceseña-Gallegos, C. A. Ballesteros‐Córdova, S. Sánchez-Gonzáles
Introduction: Morphotypes of native catfish of the genus Ictalurus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) are known to occur in allopatry in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, with only the Yaqui catfish (Ictalurus pricei) taxonomically described. Recent genetic analysis of these morphotypes has revealed the monophyly of the I. pricei complex, which indicates Ictalurus sp. from the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River basins as its nearest genetic relative and recognizes as an evolutionarily significant unit the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River morphotypes. Objective: To compare the meristic and morphometric characteristics of the catfish of the Culiacán River basin with its nearest genetic relative, the Yaqui catfish, in order to determine the presence of distinctive morphological characters that support genetic evidence previously reported for these morphotypes. Methods: Catfish specimens were collected during various field expeditions (1990-2012) to remote sites of the Sierra Madre Occidental and conducted in the Yaqui River and Culiacán River basins with the purpose of morphological comparison. Forty-five morphological characters (40 morphometric and five meristic) were examined in 76 adult specimens – 52 Ictalurus sp. and 24 Ictalurus pricei. Three groups were subject to a discriminant function analysis (DFA), including two Ictalurus sp. groups from the Humaya River and Tamazula River sub-basins, representing the Culiacán River basin, and one I. pricei group representing the Yaqui River basin. The standardized measurements and meristic data of the catfish morphotypes were compared by means of DFA. Results: The DFA revealed 12 characters to be significantly different (P < 0.01) among the groups compared. The morphological characters separating the Ictalurus sp. (Culiacán River basin) from the Yaqui catfish were associated with lower anal, pelvic and pectoral fin ray numbers, shorter head and predorsal lengths, shorter longest lateral barbel and longest dorsal ray lengths and a narrower premaxilar dentary plate; and finally longer distances in Ictalurus sp. for dorsal-fin origin to last anal-fin ray base and dorsal-fin origin to posterior end of the adipose fin base. The standardized coefficients for canonical variables 1 and 2 accounted for 85.6 % and 14.4 % of the total variation, respectively. Conclusions: The distinctive morphological characters of the Ictalurus sp. found in the Culiacán River basin, combined with the known mitochondrial evidence for this morphotype, identify it as an evolutionarily significant unit that requires description as a new species based on taxonomical protocols.
{"title":"Morphology of two native catfishes from the Sierra Madre Occidental, México: I. pricei and Ictalurus sp. (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae)","authors":"G. Ruiz-Campos, A. Varela‐Romero, David Ceseña-Gallegos, C. A. Ballesteros‐Córdova, S. Sánchez-Gonzáles","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v68i2.37041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68i2.37041","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Morphotypes of native catfish of the genus Ictalurus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) are known to occur in allopatry in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, with only the Yaqui catfish (Ictalurus pricei) taxonomically described. Recent genetic analysis of these morphotypes has revealed the monophyly of the I. pricei complex, which indicates Ictalurus sp. from the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River basins as its nearest genetic relative and recognizes as an evolutionarily significant unit the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River morphotypes. Objective: To compare the meristic and morphometric characteristics of the catfish of the Culiacán River basin with its nearest genetic relative, the Yaqui catfish, in order to determine the presence of distinctive morphological characters that support genetic evidence previously reported for these morphotypes. Methods: Catfish specimens were collected during various field expeditions (1990-2012) to remote sites of the Sierra Madre Occidental and conducted in the Yaqui River and Culiacán River basins with the purpose of morphological comparison. Forty-five morphological characters (40 morphometric and five meristic) were examined in 76 adult specimens – 52 Ictalurus sp. and 24 Ictalurus pricei. Three groups were subject to a discriminant function analysis (DFA), including two Ictalurus sp. groups from the Humaya River and Tamazula River sub-basins, representing the Culiacán River basin, and one I. pricei group representing the Yaqui River basin. The standardized measurements and meristic data of the catfish morphotypes were compared by means of DFA. Results: The DFA revealed 12 characters to be significantly different (P < 0.01) among the groups compared. The morphological characters separating the Ictalurus sp. (Culiacán River basin) from the Yaqui catfish were associated with lower anal, pelvic and pectoral fin ray numbers, shorter head and predorsal lengths, shorter longest lateral barbel and longest dorsal ray lengths and a narrower premaxilar dentary plate; and finally longer distances in Ictalurus sp. for dorsal-fin origin to last anal-fin ray base and dorsal-fin origin to posterior end of the adipose fin base. The standardized coefficients for canonical variables 1 and 2 accounted for 85.6 % and 14.4 % of the total variation, respectively. Conclusions: The distinctive morphological characters of the Ictalurus sp. found in the Culiacán River basin, combined with the known mitochondrial evidence for this morphotype, identify it as an evolutionarily significant unit that requires description as a new species based on taxonomical protocols.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80360848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v68i2.39133
Dennis Denis
Introduction: Mangroves represent 11 % of the emerged land of Cuba. There is no previous research describing foliar characteristics, but these variables can be used as health indicators in forest ecosystems. Objective: In the current study we describe folial morphometry in four mangroves around Havana city: Bajos de Santa Ana, Cojímar, Rincón de Guanabo and El Cobre – Itabo lagoon. Methods: We collected 1 472 leaves´ samples of Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa, between April and July in 2019, to extract eight foliar variables: length, width, area, perimeter, lateral asymmetry, inner angles and shape index. Results: Geographic differences several variables of leaves in R. mangle and A. germinans were detected, but L. racemosa showed high similarity among localities. Differences can be explained by environmental differences in localities. Conclusions: There is a need for more extensive research on these kinds of foliar indicators to support it use in future monitoring or researches, and for that using digital pictures fotografías pose many advantages.
介绍:红树林占古巴新出现土地的11%。目前还没有研究描述叶面特征，但这些变量可以作为森林生态系统的健康指标。目的:在本研究中，我们描述了哈瓦那市周围四个红树林的叶面形态:Bajos de Santa Ana, Cojímar, Rincón de Guanabo和El Cobre - Itabo泻湖。方法:于2019年4 - 7月采集了1 472片芒萁(Rhizophora mangle、Avicennia germinans和Laguncularia racemosa)叶片样本，提取叶片长度、宽度、面积、周长、横向不对称、内角和形状指数8个变量。结果:芒萁和芒萁叶片在多个变量上存在地理差异，但总状芒萁具有较高的地域相似性。差异可以用地方环境差异来解释。结论:在今后的监测或研究中，需要对这类叶面指标进行更广泛的研究，并且使用数字图像fotografías具有许多优势。
{"title":"Spatial variations of leaf morphometry in mangroves in La Havana, Cuba","authors":"Dennis Denis","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v68i2.39133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68i2.39133","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mangroves represent 11 % of the emerged land of Cuba. There is no previous research describing foliar characteristics, but these variables can be used as health indicators in forest ecosystems. Objective: In the current study we describe folial morphometry in four mangroves around Havana city: Bajos de Santa Ana, Cojímar, Rincón de Guanabo and El Cobre – Itabo lagoon. Methods: We collected 1 472 leaves´ samples of Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa, between April and July in 2019, to extract eight foliar variables: length, width, area, perimeter, lateral asymmetry, inner angles and shape index. Results: Geographic differences several variables of leaves in R. mangle and A. germinans were detected, but L. racemosa showed high similarity among localities. Differences can be explained by environmental differences in localities. Conclusions: There is a need for more extensive research on these kinds of foliar indicators to support it use in future monitoring or researches, and for that using digital pictures fotografías pose many advantages.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89655207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v67i4.35965
Alice Masper
Abstract: The life history of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) in the California Gulf is marked by a series of important events influencing and modifying its population growth, evolution and distribution. Despite the fact that the population has been studied since the 1950s, research has been have been rather punctual and fragmentary, before 2010, there are a very few censuses conducted simultaneously in all rookeries, which prevent obtaining information on key aspects of life cycle, population trend and potential threats. In the present work we conducted a thorough review encompassing the last 37 years of California sea lion life history and environment in the Gulf of California. This allowed an opportunity to focus on short- and long-term processes acting on the population and hopefully improve knowledge about the population trend and status and unveil some latent aspects hardly recognizable using a partial vision. We collected and analyzed data from different sources since the 1970s to 2018: published papers, master’s and doctoral thesis, in addition to technical reports. The data is organized in sections corresponding with crucial population life history events. Considering a long-time frame period the population could appear stable with zero growth due to the cyclic interannual fluctuation that could denote a certain dependence with climatic factors, not directly with El Niño event, but with sea surface temperature anomalies that determine a change in prey availability. However, many doubts persist about the incidence of different local environmental factors on gender and age, particularly related with juvenile recruitment and female survival rate. More information is required based on seasonal censuses, life cycle, regional environmental variation; statistical errors need to be assessed and monitoring methods should be standardized and must be considered to ascertain short- and long-term population and colony spatial-temporal patterns.
{"title":"Review of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) abundance, and population dynamics in the Gulf of California","authors":"Alice Masper","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v67i4.35965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v67i4.35965","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The life history of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) in the California Gulf is marked by a series of important events influencing and modifying its population growth, evolution and distribution. \u0000Despite the fact that the population has been studied since the 1950s, research has been have been rather punctual and fragmentary, before 2010, there are a very few censuses conducted simultaneously in all rookeries, which prevent obtaining information on key aspects of life cycle, population trend and potential threats. In the present work we conducted a thorough review encompassing the last 37 years of California sea lion life history and environment in the Gulf of California. This allowed an opportunity to focus on short- and long-term processes acting on the population and hopefully improve knowledge about the population trend and status and unveil some latent aspects hardly recognizable using a partial vision. We collected and analyzed data from different sources since the 1970s to 2018: published papers, master’s and doctoral thesis, in addition to technical reports. The data is organized in sections corresponding with crucial population life history events. Considering a long-time frame period the population could appear stable with zero growth due to the cyclic interannual fluctuation that could denote a certain dependence with climatic factors, not directly with El Niño event, but with sea surface temperature anomalies that determine a change in prey availability. However, many doubts persist about the incidence of different local environmental factors on gender and age, particularly related with juvenile recruitment and female survival rate. More information is required based on seasonal censuses, life cycle, regional environmental variation; statistical errors need to be assessed and monitoring methods should be standardized and must be considered to ascertain short- and long-term population and colony spatial-temporal patterns.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"59 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75772612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-22DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v66i4.31908
L. G. Juárez Hernández
Coastal development and urbanization have increased the sediments that are washed from the land surface, producing adverse effects on the structure and functioning of coral reefs. The objective of this study was to identify the degree to which excessive sediments have disturbed the fish community in the coral reefs in the Maguey and Violin bays, located in the Huatulco National Park (Mexico). Fish samples were collected before and after disturbances produced by sediments associated with coastal development projects. Indicators of changes in the fish communities included the number and diversity of species as well as equity and dominance before and after the disturbances. The analysis was performed through means comparison tests, similarity analysis (ANOSIM) and similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER). In both locations, it was observed that the diversity, evenness, abundance and number of species were higher prior to the disturbance, but not for dominance, which shows an inverse pattern. In Maguey, significant differences in evenness and dominance were observed (U = 28, p = 0.0401; U = 24, p = 0.0472), as well as in species composition and abundance (ANOSIM = 0.35, p = 0.009). The similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) indicated that after the disturbance, more than 46 % of the species showed decreases in average abundance, highlighting the absence of Prionurus laticlavius, as well as the decrease in abundance of: P. punctatus, Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus, Microspathodon dorsalis, Lutjanus novemfaciatus and Stegates acapulcoensis. Inadequate planning and implementation of coastal development projects that contribute to the discharge of excessive sediments into the sea were determinants of negative changes in the coral communities in Maguey and Violin, whose effects could be seen in the composition of the species and the abundance, equity, and dominance of the fish community in Maguey.
沿海发展和城市化增加了从陆地表面冲上岸的沉积物，对珊瑚礁的结构和功能产生了不利影响。本研究的目的是确定过量沉积物对位于华图尔科国家公园(墨西哥)的马圭湾和小提琴湾珊瑚礁中鱼类群落的干扰程度。在与沿海开发项目有关的沉积物产生干扰之前和之后采集了鱼类样本。鱼类群落变化的指标包括物种数量和多样性以及干扰前后的公平和优势度。采用均值比较检验、相似度分析(ANOSIM)和相似度百分比分析(SIMPER)进行分析。2个地点的物种多样性、均匀度、丰度和数量均高于干扰前，但优势度与干扰前相反。在Maguey中，均匀度和优势度存在显著差异(U = 28, p = 0.0401;U = 24, p = 0.0472)，物种组成和丰度差异(ANOSIM = 0.35, p = 0.009)。相似百分比分析(SIMPER)表明，干扰后，超过46%的物种平均丰度下降，突出显示了长尾棘鼠的缺失，以及点孔棘鼠、oxycephalus、microspthodon dorsalis、Lutjanus novemfaciatus和Stegates acapulcoensis的丰度下降。沿海开发项目的规划和实施不足，导致过量沉积物排放到海洋中，是马圭和小提琴珊瑚群落发生负面变化的决定因素，其影响可以从马圭的物种组成以及鱼类群落的丰富度、公平度和优势度中看出。
{"title":"Cambios en la comunidad de peces por efecto del desarrollo costero en el Parque Nacional Huatulco (México)","authors":"L. G. Juárez Hernández","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v66i4.31908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i4.31908","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal development and urbanization have increased the sediments that are washed from the land surface, producing adverse effects on the structure and functioning of coral reefs. The objective of this study was to identify the degree to which excessive sediments have disturbed the fish community in the coral reefs in the Maguey and Violin bays, located in the Huatulco National Park (Mexico). Fish samples were collected before and after disturbances produced by sediments associated with coastal development projects. Indicators of changes in the fish communities included the number and diversity of species as well as equity and dominance before and after the disturbances. The analysis was performed through means comparison tests, similarity analysis (ANOSIM) and similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER). In both locations, it was observed that the diversity, evenness, abundance and number of species were higher prior to the disturbance, but not for dominance, which shows an inverse pattern. In Maguey, significant differences in evenness and dominance were observed (U = 28, p = 0.0401; U = 24, p = 0.0472), as well as in species composition and abundance (ANOSIM = 0.35, p = 0.009). The similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) indicated that after the disturbance, more than 46 % of the species showed decreases in average abundance, highlighting the absence of Prionurus laticlavius, as well as the decrease in abundance of: P. punctatus, Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus, Microspathodon dorsalis, Lutjanus novemfaciatus and Stegates acapulcoensis. Inadequate planning and implementation of coastal development projects that contribute to the discharge of excessive sediments into the sea were determinants of negative changes in the coral communities in Maguey and Violin, whose effects could be seen in the composition of the species and the abundance, equity, and dominance of the fish community in Maguey.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81060765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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