Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59013
Jimena Pía Fernández, Florencia Di Marco, Tamara Rubilar, M. Cledón, Ximena Gonzalez Pisani
Introduction: Short-term gametes storage is an inexpensive and simple technique that allows the use of the same batch of eggs or sperm at different times, maximizing the application of research protocols and the use of gametes in production. Arbacia dufresnii is a sea urchin species with proven aquaculture potential and already used in the nutraceutical industry. Aging of its gametes is unknown and is a needed information to scale up the production. Objective: Determine the effect of male and female gamete aging on the fertilization success of Arbacia dufresnii. This will allow optimizing the use of gametes after collection decoupling spawning from fertilization. Methods: A. dufresnii individuals were induced to spawn and gametes were kept at 12 ± 1 °C throughout each bioassay. Sperm was separated into two treatments: activated sperm in seawater (AS), and dry sperm (DS). Two bioassays were made: Bioassay 1 evaluated the effect of time on fertility by performing fertilization tests at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after spawning. Bioassay 2 evaluated the contribution of each type of aged gamete on fertility, combining aged gametes (96 h) with fresh gametes (0 h). Results: Bioassay 1: the fertilization success obtained by combining eggs (E) with AS or DS presented important differences. While the fertilization success remained acceptable (greater than 50 %) for up to 72 h using ExDS, it only remained acceptable for up to 48 h using ExAS. Bioassay 2: acceptable fertilization success was found by combining aged E (96 h) with fresh sperm, or aged DS (96 h) with fresh E, but not using aged AS with fresh E. Conclusions: The findings of this work show that fertilization success in A. dufresnii gametes remains relatively unchanged for up to 48 h after spawning when combining ExAS, and for up to 72 h when combining ExDS. However, when combining aged E or aged DS with a fresh gamete, post-collection fertilization can be extended up to 96 h. In this work, the first steps have been taken to understand the conservation time of A. dufresnii gametes with minimum intervention.
{"title":"Effect of gamete aging on fertilization success of the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii (Arbacioida: Arbaciidae)","authors":"Jimena Pía Fernández, Florencia Di Marco, Tamara Rubilar, M. Cledón, Ximena Gonzalez Pisani","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Short-term gametes storage is an inexpensive and simple technique that allows the use of the same batch of eggs or sperm at different times, maximizing the application of research protocols and the use of gametes in production. Arbacia dufresnii is a sea urchin species with proven aquaculture potential and already used in the nutraceutical industry. Aging of its gametes is unknown and is a needed information to scale up the production. \u0000Objective: Determine the effect of male and female gamete aging on the fertilization success of Arbacia dufresnii. This will allow optimizing the use of gametes after collection decoupling spawning from fertilization. \u0000Methods: A. dufresnii individuals were induced to spawn and gametes were kept at 12 ± 1 °C throughout each bioassay. Sperm was separated into two treatments: activated sperm in seawater (AS), and dry sperm (DS). Two bioassays were made: Bioassay 1 evaluated the effect of time on fertility by performing fertilization tests at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after spawning. Bioassay 2 evaluated the contribution of each type of aged gamete on fertility, combining aged gametes (96 h) with fresh gametes (0 h). \u0000Results: Bioassay 1: the fertilization success obtained by combining eggs (E) with AS or DS presented important differences. While the fertilization success remained acceptable (greater than 50 %) for up to 72 h using ExDS, it only remained acceptable for up to 48 h using ExAS. Bioassay 2: acceptable fertilization success was found by combining aged E (96 h) with fresh sperm, or aged DS (96 h) with fresh E, but not using aged AS with fresh E. \u0000Conclusions: The findings of this work show that fertilization success in A. dufresnii gametes remains relatively unchanged for up to 48 h after spawning when combining ExAS, and for up to 72 h when combining ExDS. However, when combining aged E or aged DS with a fresh gamete, post-collection fertilization can be extended up to 96 h. In this work, the first steps have been taken to understand the conservation time of A. dufresnii gametes with minimum intervention.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59016
A. Martínez-Melo, Carolina Martin-Cao Romero, C. Galván-Villa, R. Sotelo-Casas
Introduction: The genus Agassizia in Mexico is represented both in the fossil record with the species Agassizia regia† during the Miocene of Chiapas and in the extant species Agassizia excentrica on the Atlantic coast and Agassizia scrobiculata on the Pacific coast. Qualitative diagnosis and descriptions make it hard to distinguish morphological boundaries between species, especially in groups with fossils and recent representatives, increasing the level of complexity by having samples of disparate qualities and quantities. Objective: We propose the use of little explored statistical methods in the comparison of paleontological and biological populations. This methodology allowed us to resolve issues of missing values in a morphometric data set for the genus Agassizia. Methods: Using samples recently collected and specimens already housed in collections, we explore a routine of recovery of missing data MICE and the numerical and graphic analyses PERMANOVA, PCA, and SIMPER to compare morphometric parameters between these species for recognizing diagnostic characters. Results: Our results show a clear morphological difference in the length of the ambulacrum II and the length and width of the periproct and peristome structures, these being greater in A. scrobiculata, with a consistent pattern in both population samples not previously described. Conclusions: Quantitative morphometric comparisons can be an assertive and complementary tool to determine distinctive differentiation characteristics in species of the same genus. Comparative morphology reviews should be an ongoing exercise to keep taxonomic knowledge on both extinct and extant species up to date. Our research encourage the scientific community studying fossil populations to utilize quantitative and multivariate methods to strengthen their investigations.
{"title":"Analyzing morphometry among extant and extinct species: A case study of genus Agassizia (Spatangoida: Echinoidea)","authors":"A. Martínez-Melo, Carolina Martin-Cao Romero, C. Galván-Villa, R. Sotelo-Casas","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59016","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The genus Agassizia in Mexico is represented both in the fossil record with the species Agassizia regia† during the Miocene of Chiapas and in the extant species Agassizia excentrica on the Atlantic coast and Agassizia scrobiculata on the Pacific coast. Qualitative diagnosis and descriptions make it hard to distinguish morphological boundaries between species, especially in groups with fossils and recent representatives, increasing the level of complexity by having samples of disparate qualities and quantities. \u0000Objective: We propose the use of little explored statistical methods in the comparison of paleontological and biological populations. This methodology allowed us to resolve issues of missing values in a morphometric data set for the genus Agassizia. \u0000Methods: Using samples recently collected and specimens already housed in collections, we explore a routine of recovery of missing data MICE and the numerical and graphic analyses PERMANOVA, PCA, and SIMPER to compare morphometric parameters between these species for recognizing diagnostic characters. \u0000Results: Our results show a clear morphological difference in the length of the ambulacrum II and the length and width of the periproct and peristome structures, these being greater in A. scrobiculata, with a consistent pattern in both population samples not previously described. \u0000Conclusions: Quantitative morphometric comparisons can be an assertive and complementary tool to determine distinctive differentiation characteristics in species of the same genus. Comparative morphology reviews should be an ongoing exercise to keep taxonomic knowledge on both extinct and extant species up to date. Our research encourage the scientific community studying fossil populations to utilize quantitative and multivariate methods to strengthen their investigations.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59008
María Fernanda Ramos-Cáceres, J. Segovia-Prado
Introducción: Los equinoideos irregulares se caracterizan por tener una selección del sustrato en fondos blandos principalmente. En El Salvador se han registrado siete especies de equinoideos irregulares en las principales playas arenosas del país, M. stokesii es una de ellas. Objetivo: Determinar la abundancia, densidad y estructura de tallas, en playones de la bocana del estero El Tamarindo, El Salvador. Métodos: La investigación se realizó en época seca en el oriente del país en playones del estero El Tamarindo que se caracteriza por presentar grandes extensiones de arena mezclada con materia orgánica. En cada sitio, se trazaron transectos en banda paralelos a la costa mediante 9 cuadrantes de 10 m2 separados entre sí por 10 m (área total de 90 m2), en donde se contabilizaron y midieron los individuos de M. stokesii que se encontraran dentro del área delimitada. Resultados: Se contabilizaron 958 individuos de M. stokesii con una densidad total de 10.64 ± 13.22 ind/m2. El rango de tamaños fue de 1–6.5 cm. El hábitat se caracterizó por presentar arena con materia orgánica en los primeros mm del sustrato en compañía de otros invertebrados. Conclusiones: La abundancia y densidad de M. stokesii es similar a la registrada en otros estudios de la región.
{"title":"Abundancia, densidad y estructura de tallas de Mellitella stokesii (Echinolampadacea: Mellitidae) en playones del estero El Tamarindo, El Salvador","authors":"María Fernanda Ramos-Cáceres, J. Segovia-Prado","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59008","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: Los equinoideos irregulares se caracterizan por tener una selección del sustrato en fondos blandos principalmente. En El Salvador se han registrado siete especies de equinoideos irregulares en las principales playas arenosas del país, M. stokesii es una de ellas. \u0000Objetivo: Determinar la abundancia, densidad y estructura de tallas, en playones de la bocana del estero El Tamarindo, El Salvador. Métodos: La investigación se realizó en época seca en el oriente del país en playones del estero El Tamarindo que se caracteriza por presentar grandes extensiones de arena mezclada con materia orgánica. En cada sitio, se trazaron transectos en banda paralelos a la costa mediante 9 cuadrantes de 10 m2 separados entre sí por 10 m (área total de 90 m2), en donde se contabilizaron y midieron los individuos de M. stokesii que se encontraran dentro del área delimitada. \u0000Resultados: Se contabilizaron 958 individuos de M. stokesii con una densidad total de 10.64 ± 13.22 ind/m2. El rango de tamaños fue de 1–6.5 cm. El hábitat se caracterizó por presentar arena con materia orgánica en los primeros mm del sustrato en compañía de otros invertebrados. \u0000Conclusiones: La abundancia y densidad de M. stokesii es similar a la registrada en otros estudios de la región.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59007
José Carlos Hernández, Beatriz Alfonso, Ana Gloria Guzmán-Mora, Juan José Alvarado
Introduction: The coral reefs of Isla del Coco National Park are some of the most pristine ecosystems on Earth. The sea urchin Diadema mexicanum (Diadematoida: Diadematidae) is a common inhabitant with a pivotal role in the ecology of this unique ecosystem. Objective: In this study, we identified the predominant predators of D. mexicanum and estimated the predatory consumption rates. We also determined predation rates at different sea urchin sizes and at sites with contrasting refuge availability. Methods: We use field video recording observations and tethering experiments. Results: The balistid Sufflamen verres and the labrid Bodianus diplotaenia were identified as predators of small and medium size D. mexicanum; the labrids Thalassoma grammaticum and B. diplotaenia (juvenile) and the tetraodontid Arothron meleagris were attempted predators; and Canthigaster punctatissima and Holacanthus passer were scavengers. Larger sea urchins (> 30 mm) were also preyed upon during the tethering experiments. Furthermore, a clear effect of the site on survival of the different sea urchins’ sizes was noted. No difference in the sea urchin predator biomass was found among sites, which highlights the importance of site complexity on survival. At high and medium complexity sites, large individuals had better survival, while at the low complexity site, there was almost no differences in survival rates among the three size classes. Our results also show that a high abundance of these predatory fishes, above 0.04 ind m-2, guarantees a low sea urchin density. Below this threshold, a higher variability in sea urchin density is observed Despite not being registered with the video recordings, lobsters were observed once preying upon a large sea urchin individual. Conclusions: This study identifies a keystone fish guild with high predation rate for Diadema in the National Park, which suggests that protective actions have positively benefited predatory fish and lobster populations.
{"title":"Predators of the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum (Diadematoida: Diadematidae) at the Eastern Tropical Pacific coral reefs","authors":"José Carlos Hernández, Beatriz Alfonso, Ana Gloria Guzmán-Mora, Juan José Alvarado","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59007","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The coral reefs of Isla del Coco National Park are some of the most pristine ecosystems on Earth. The sea urchin Diadema mexicanum (Diadematoida: Diadematidae) is a common inhabitant with a pivotal role in the ecology of this unique ecosystem. \u0000Objective: In this study, we identified the predominant predators of D. mexicanum and estimated the predatory consumption rates. We also determined predation rates at different sea urchin sizes and at sites with contrasting refuge availability. \u0000Methods: We use field video recording observations and tethering experiments. \u0000Results: The balistid Sufflamen verres and the labrid Bodianus diplotaenia were identified as predators of small and medium size D. mexicanum; the labrids Thalassoma grammaticum and B. diplotaenia (juvenile) and the tetraodontid Arothron meleagris were attempted predators; and Canthigaster punctatissima and Holacanthus passer were scavengers. Larger sea urchins (> 30 mm) were also preyed upon during the tethering experiments. Furthermore, a clear effect of the site on survival of the different sea urchins’ sizes was noted. No difference in the sea urchin predator biomass was found among sites, which highlights the importance of site complexity on survival. At high and medium complexity sites, large individuals had better survival, while at the low complexity site, there was almost no differences in survival rates among the three size classes. Our results also show that a high abundance of these predatory fishes, above 0.04 ind m-2, guarantees a low sea urchin density. Below this threshold, a higher variability in sea urchin density is observed Despite not being registered with the video recordings, lobsters were observed once preying upon a large sea urchin individual. \u0000Conclusions: This study identifies a keystone fish guild with high predation rate for Diadema in the National Park, which suggests that protective actions have positively benefited predatory fish and lobster populations.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59015
Florencia Chaar, Tamara Rubilar, A. C. Crespi-Abril
Introduction: Righting behaviour has been used as a health indicator in response to stressor variables. Using this parameter in aquaculture could help to reduce mortality and improve welfare in the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii culture. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sex, diameter, and three stressor factors on the righting behaviour of the sea urchin A. dufresnii. Methods: A total of 300 animals were evaluated for complete righting behaviour (CRB) time, with 100 of them also recording half righting behaviour (HRB) time. Three stressors were applied to the animals: serial repetitions (three successive turnings), temperature (24-hour shock), and spawning induction with KCl injection. A stopwatch was used to record the time, and a precision calliper was used to measure the diameter. Results: Righting time was discovered to be diameter dependent but sex independent. The upper temperature limit of 19 °C had a significant effect on righting behaviour compared to 16 °C and 13 °C with CRB times up to 150 seconds. Serial repetitions and spawning had no significant effect. However, based on the recorded times, it can be deduced that spawning had an effect on the health of the animals, with CRB times of up to 150 seconds compared to the control, with lower times. Conclusions: Complete righting behaviour appears to be an optimal indicator for evaluating the health and condition of the sea urchin A. dufresnii, but more tests would be performed to confirm the effect of the control treatment on post-spawning stress.
{"title":"Does the righting behaviour effectively reflect stress in Arbacia dufresnii Arbacioida: Arbaciidae)?","authors":"Florencia Chaar, Tamara Rubilar, A. C. Crespi-Abril","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59015","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Righting behaviour has been used as a health indicator in response to stressor variables. Using this parameter in aquaculture could help to reduce mortality and improve welfare in the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii culture. \u0000Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sex, diameter, and three stressor factors on the righting behaviour of the sea urchin A. dufresnii. \u0000Methods: A total of 300 animals were evaluated for complete righting behaviour (CRB) time, with 100 of them also recording half righting behaviour (HRB) time. Three stressors were applied to the animals: serial repetitions (three successive turnings), temperature (24-hour shock), and spawning induction with KCl injection. A stopwatch was used to record the time, and a precision calliper was used to measure the diameter. \u0000Results: Righting time was discovered to be diameter dependent but sex independent. The upper temperature limit of 19 °C had a significant effect on righting behaviour compared to 16 °C and 13 °C with CRB times up to 150 seconds. Serial repetitions and spawning had no significant effect. However, based on the recorded times, it can be deduced that spawning had an effect on the health of the animals, with CRB times of up to 150 seconds compared to the control, with lower times. \u0000Conclusions: Complete righting behaviour appears to be an optimal indicator for evaluating the health and condition of the sea urchin A. dufresnii, but more tests would be performed to confirm the effect of the control treatment on post-spawning stress.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58980
Laura Liseth Figueroa Segovia, J. Segovia-Prado
Introducción: Los equinodermos son animales estrictamente acuáticos y de los grupos de invertebrados marinos cuya importancia ecológica es crucial para los ambientes en donde habitan. La característica más destacada es su simetría pentarradial. Estos organismos pueden distribuirse en una amplia variedad de ambientes oceánicos, y no ser exclusivamente habitantes de las formaciones arrecifales. Se han registrado el total de 1 539 especies, de las cuales 717 pertenecen a Pacífico y 60 de ellas se han registrado en El Salvador. Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo fue registrar la riqueza y densidad de especies de equinodermos en arrecifes rocosos de Punta Amapala (La Unión). Métodos: El muestreo fue llevado a cabo en cinco sitios, dos a 3 m de profundidad y tres a 6 m. Para esto, se utilizó snorkeling y buceo autónomo, recorriendo dos transectos de banda de 30 x 1 m. Dentro de los transectos, se realizó la identificación (riqueza) y contabilización (abundancia) de los organismos. Resultados: La especie que presentó mayor densidad en los arrecifes de 3 m fue Echinometra vanbrunti (0.83 indv/m2), seguido por el ofiuroideo Ophiocomella alexandri (0.16 indv/m2) y Ophiocoma aethiops (0.16 indv/m2). Y en los arrecifes a 6 m fueron Ophiothela mirabilis (0.83 indv/m2), Ophionereis annulata (0.21 indv/m2), Ophiothrix rudis (0.08 indv/m2) y Ophiocomella alexandri (0.01 indv/m2). Conclusiones: Estos organismos, cumplen con diversos roles ecológicos, como ser bioindicadores de calidad de agua al tolerar ciertos cambios en las condiciones físico-químicas, así como cumplir el papel de hospederos de macrofauna por las cavidades que forman algunos erizos. Es por ello que los esfuerzos de muestreo deben incrementarse en estas zonas para monitorear la calidad y salud de los arrecifes rocosos, cuyo papel es clave, por ser junto con Los Cóbanos, los de mayor extensión en el país.
{"title":"Riqueza y densidad de equinodermos en los arrecifes rocosos de Punta Amapala, El Salvador","authors":"Laura Liseth Figueroa Segovia, J. Segovia-Prado","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58980","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: Los equinodermos son animales estrictamente acuáticos y de los grupos de invertebrados marinos cuya importancia ecológica es crucial para los ambientes en donde habitan. La característica más destacada es su simetría pentarradial. Estos organismos pueden distribuirse en una amplia variedad de ambientes oceánicos, y no ser exclusivamente habitantes de las formaciones arrecifales. Se han registrado el total de 1 539 especies, de las cuales 717 pertenecen a Pacífico y 60 de ellas se han registrado en El Salvador. \u0000Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo fue registrar la riqueza y densidad de especies de equinodermos en arrecifes rocosos de Punta Amapala (La Unión). \u0000Métodos: El muestreo fue llevado a cabo en cinco sitios, dos a 3 m de profundidad y tres a 6 m. Para esto, se utilizó snorkeling y buceo autónomo, recorriendo dos transectos de banda de 30 x 1 m. Dentro de los transectos, se realizó la identificación (riqueza) y contabilización (abundancia) de los organismos. \u0000Resultados: La especie que presentó mayor densidad en los arrecifes de 3 m fue Echinometra vanbrunti (0.83 indv/m2), seguido por el ofiuroideo Ophiocomella alexandri (0.16 indv/m2) y Ophiocoma aethiops (0.16 indv/m2). Y en los arrecifes a 6 m fueron Ophiothela mirabilis (0.83 indv/m2), Ophionereis annulata (0.21 indv/m2), Ophiothrix rudis (0.08 indv/m2) y Ophiocomella alexandri (0.01 indv/m2). \u0000Conclusiones: Estos organismos, cumplen con diversos roles ecológicos, como ser bioindicadores de calidad de agua al tolerar ciertos cambios en las condiciones físico-químicas, así como cumplir el papel de hospederos de macrofauna por las cavidades que forman algunos erizos. Es por ello que los esfuerzos de muestreo deben incrementarse en estas zonas para monitorear la calidad y salud de los arrecifes rocosos, cuyo papel es clave, por ser junto con Los Cóbanos, los de mayor extensión en el país.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140269213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58993
R. Núñez-González, María José Caballero, Daniel Padilla, J. L. Martín Barrasa, José Juan Castro Hernández
Introduction: Sea urchin diseases have been documented in several locations worldwide, with reported occurrences of bacterial, protozoan, fungal, and algal infections. Objective: This study aimed to investigate pathogen agents in populations of Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus along the coast of Gran Canaria Island (Central-East Atlantic, Spain). Methods: Sampling was conducted at San Cristobal beach, on the Northeast side of the island, where sea urchins were manually collected from depths of 1-3 m during June, July, and October 2022. Swab samples were taken from the external and internal areas of the lesions and cultured on various media plates. Results: Eight different pathogen agents, including bacteria and fungi, were identified, with Vibrio alginolyticus being the most frequently observed bacteria in all diseased sea urchin samples. Additionally, ciliated protozoans were found within the tests, potentially acting as opportunistic parasites. Conclusions: This research provides a unique perspective on bald sea urchin disease by identifying a significant number of associated pathogens, including Candida, previously unreported in diseased organisms. Furthermore, the study highlights the presence of an inflammatory response in tissues with bacterial colonies, offering crucial insights into understanding this sea urchin disease.
{"title":"Study of histopathology on Arbacia lixula (Arbaciidae: Arbacioida) and Paracentrotus lividus (Parachinidae: Camarodonta) with bald sea urchin disease symptoms in Gran Canaria Island, Spain","authors":"R. Núñez-González, María José Caballero, Daniel Padilla, J. L. Martín Barrasa, José Juan Castro Hernández","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58993","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sea urchin diseases have been documented in several locations worldwide, with reported occurrences of bacterial, protozoan, fungal, and algal infections. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to investigate pathogen agents in populations of Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus along the coast of Gran Canaria Island (Central-East Atlantic, Spain). \u0000Methods: Sampling was conducted at San Cristobal beach, on the Northeast side of the island, where sea urchins were manually collected from depths of 1-3 m during June, July, and October 2022. Swab samples were taken from the external and internal areas of the lesions and cultured on various media plates. \u0000Results: Eight different pathogen agents, including bacteria and fungi, were identified, with Vibrio alginolyticus being the most frequently observed bacteria in all diseased sea urchin samples. Additionally, ciliated protozoans were found within the tests, potentially acting as opportunistic parasites. \u0000Conclusions: This research provides a unique perspective on bald sea urchin disease by identifying a significant number of associated pathogens, including Candida, previously unreported in diseased organisms. Furthermore, the study highlights the presence of an inflammatory response in tissues with bacterial colonies, offering crucial insights into understanding this sea urchin disease.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58884
Iván Manuel Cuadros-Mendoza, B. Buitrón-Sánchez, F. J. Cuen-Romero, Miguel A. Torres-Martínez, A. Caballero-Ochoa
Introducción: La Sierra Santa Teresa se encuentra a 20 km al sureste de Hermosillo en la región central del estado de Sonora, México. Los estratos sedimentarios corresponden principalmente a textura de piedra caliza, mudstone, wackestone y packstone del Paleozoico superior. La biota está representada por crinoideos de las morfoespecies Baryschyr anosus, Cyclocaudex insaturatus, Floricyclus angustimargo, Cyclocion distictus, Lamprosterigma erathense y Preptopremnum rugosum en asociación con algas, foraminíferos fusulínidos, esponjas coralinas (Chaetetes sp), corales solitarios (Lophophyllidium sp., Fomichevella sp.), briozoos fenestélidos (Archimedes stoyanowi) y braquiópodos (Antiquatonia sp.). Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio es dar a conocer la composición biótica de la Sierra Santa Teresa y sus consideraciones paleoecológicas y paleogeográficas. Métodos: En este estudio se sintetiza la información sobre las principales taxas recolectadas en afloramientos del Carbonífero de la Sierra, Santa Teresa. Resultados: La distribución de la biota, y particularmente de las morfoespecies de crinoideos, permitió hacer correlaciones paleobiogeográficas con otras localidades del Misisípico-Pensilvánico de México y de distintas regiones de los Estados Unidos de América, principalmente en Texas, Colorado, Illinois y Oklahoma, que se encontraban ubicadas al suroeste del Cratón norteamericano. Conclusiones: Se considera que el paleoambiente inferido con base en los registros paleontológicos de la Sierra Santa Teresa se trataba de mares someros que permitieron el desarrollo de comunidades de crinoideos, así como otros invertebrados como esponjas coralinas, corales solitarios, briozoos fenestélidos y braquiópodos, con un rango estratigráfico del Misisípico Medio-Superior (Chesteriano) al Pensilvánico Medio (Desmoinesiano).
{"title":"Invertebrados (Echinodermata, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Cnidaria, Porifera) del Carbonífero de Sierra Santa Teresa, Sonora, México: Consideraciones paleoecológicas y paleogeográficas","authors":"Iván Manuel Cuadros-Mendoza, B. Buitrón-Sánchez, F. J. Cuen-Romero, Miguel A. Torres-Martínez, A. Caballero-Ochoa","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58884","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: La Sierra Santa Teresa se encuentra a 20 km al sureste de Hermosillo en la región central del estado de Sonora, México. Los estratos sedimentarios corresponden principalmente a textura de piedra caliza, mudstone, wackestone y packstone del Paleozoico superior. La biota está representada por crinoideos de las morfoespecies Baryschyr anosus, Cyclocaudex insaturatus, Floricyclus angustimargo, Cyclocion distictus, Lamprosterigma erathense y Preptopremnum rugosum en asociación con algas, foraminíferos fusulínidos, esponjas coralinas (Chaetetes sp), corales solitarios (Lophophyllidium sp., Fomichevella sp.), briozoos fenestélidos (Archimedes stoyanowi) y braquiópodos (Antiquatonia sp.). \u0000Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio es dar a conocer la composición biótica de la Sierra Santa Teresa y sus consideraciones paleoecológicas y paleogeográficas. \u0000Métodos: En este estudio se sintetiza la información sobre las principales taxas recolectadas en afloramientos del Carbonífero de la Sierra, Santa Teresa. \u0000Resultados: La distribución de la biota, y particularmente de las morfoespecies de crinoideos, permitió hacer correlaciones paleobiogeográficas con otras localidades del Misisípico-Pensilvánico de México y de distintas regiones de los Estados Unidos de América, principalmente en Texas, Colorado, Illinois y Oklahoma, que se encontraban ubicadas al suroeste del Cratón norteamericano. \u0000Conclusiones: Se considera que el paleoambiente inferido con base en los registros paleontológicos de la Sierra Santa Teresa se trataba de mares someros que permitieron el desarrollo de comunidades de crinoideos, así como otros invertebrados como esponjas coralinas, corales solitarios, briozoos fenestélidos y braquiópodos, con un rango estratigráfico del Misisípico Medio-Superior (Chesteriano) al Pensilvánico Medio (Desmoinesiano).","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"303 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58995
Mercedes Vera Piombo, M. Avaro, Agustín Gittardi, M. Cledón, Tamara Rubilar
Introduction: Care towards nutrition is essential for the quality of a sustainable aquaculture product. Since the balance in food affects the growth and production of gametes. The circular economy is made possible through the use of discarded materials. Objective: The aim of this research was to study the fatty acid composition and metabolic pathways in the gametes of Arbacia dufresnii, with a focus on the implications of incorporating shrimp byproducts into aquaculture feeds. Methods: Four different treatments were designed to maintain optimal nutritional quality, particularly in lipids and proteins, based on previous studies. The fatty acid profiles of the feeds and gametes were analyzed by using gas-chromatography, and statistical analyses were conducted to determine significant differences. Results: Significant differences were observed in the abundance (%) of omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids. The (ω-3) metabolic pathway was more pronounced in the gametes of wild animals and those fed with the experimental feeds. In contrast, the (ω-6) metabolic pathway was less relevant in these groups. The (ω-3) /(ω-6) ratio was highest in the gametes of wild animals. Feeds enriched in fatty acids enhanced their bioaccumulation in the gametes reaching higher concentrations than wild animals. The availability of fatty acids in foods allowed their bioaccumulation in gametes, with concentrations equal to or higher than those observed in animals in their natural environment for certain fatty acids. Conclusions: Incorporating shrimp byproducts in aquaculture feeds demonstrated a promising strategy for resource utilization and organic input generation. The fatty acid composition in the gametes of A. dufresnii was influenced by the diet, highlighting the potential of balanced feeds to enhance the bioaccumulation of essential fatty acids. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of sustainable aquaculture practices and the production of nutritionally enriched seafood products.
{"title":"Fatty acid composition and metabolic pathways in Arbacia dufresnii (Arbaciidae: Arbacioida) gametes: implications of shrimp byproducts in aquaculture feeds","authors":"Mercedes Vera Piombo, M. Avaro, Agustín Gittardi, M. Cledón, Tamara Rubilar","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58995","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Care towards nutrition is essential for the quality of a sustainable aquaculture product. Since the balance in food affects the growth and production of gametes. The circular economy is made possible through the use of discarded materials. \u0000Objective: The aim of this research was to study the fatty acid composition and metabolic pathways in the gametes of Arbacia dufresnii, with a focus on the implications of incorporating shrimp byproducts into aquaculture feeds. \u0000Methods: Four different treatments were designed to maintain optimal nutritional quality, particularly in lipids and proteins, based on previous studies. The fatty acid profiles of the feeds and gametes were analyzed by using gas-chromatography, and statistical analyses were conducted to determine significant differences. \u0000Results: Significant differences were observed in the abundance (%) of omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids. The (ω-3) metabolic pathway was more pronounced in the gametes of wild animals and those fed with the experimental feeds. In contrast, the (ω-6) metabolic pathway was less relevant in these groups. The (ω-3) /(ω-6) ratio was highest in the gametes of wild animals. Feeds enriched in fatty acids enhanced their bioaccumulation in the gametes reaching higher concentrations than wild animals. The availability of fatty acids in foods allowed their bioaccumulation in gametes, with concentrations equal to or higher than those observed in animals in their natural environment for certain fatty acids. \u0000Conclusions: Incorporating shrimp byproducts in aquaculture feeds demonstrated a promising strategy for resource utilization and organic input generation. The fatty acid composition in the gametes of A. dufresnii was influenced by the diet, highlighting the potential of balanced feeds to enhance the bioaccumulation of essential fatty acids. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of sustainable aquaculture practices and the production of nutritionally enriched seafood products.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"165 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58979
A. Martelli, Tania Vanina Zualet, Maria Belén Miras Gagliardi, Tamara Rubilar
Introducción: La industria acuícola está en constante crecimiento, registrando una producción mundial de casi 88 millones de toneladas para el año 2020. Esta industria trae consigo problemas ambientales si sus efluentes no son debidamente tratados. En el 2020, se constituyó la primera empresa de base tecnológica del CONICET en la Patagonia Argentina cuyo propósito es la producción acuícola del erizo verde de mar, Arbacia dufresnii con la finalidad de elaborar una gama de productos nutracéuticos. Su sistema de cultivo conlleva un compromiso de sustentabilidad desde su creación, y sin embargo genera efluentes con niveles altos de nitratos y fosfatos. Objetivo: Ante este escenario, y valorizando la biorremediación como herramienta de tratamiento de aguas, se propone en este trabajo la utilización de las microalgas marinas como agentes fitorremediadores del efluente acuícola. Métodos: Se utilizaron las microalgas Chaetoceros gracilis, Navicula sp., Tetraselmis suecica., Rhodomona salina., Nanochloropsis galvana y Cylindrotheca closterium, las cuales son usadas como alimento de las larvas del erizo en el proceso productivo. Se diseñó un experimento que compara el crecimiento microalgal y la capacidad de remoción de los nutrientes en el efluente en contraste con el medio de cultivo artificial actualmente usado en el ciclo productivo. Resultados: Es posible remediar el efluente de la industria acuícola mediante las microalgas seleccionadas, con porcentaje de eficacia de remoción del 100 % del nitrato y un porcentaje de eficacia de remoción promedio de 50 % para todas las microalgas testeadas. Asimismo, se obtuvieron valores de biomasa microalgal significativamente mayores cuando el cultivo fue realizado en el efluente respecto del cultivo en el medio artificial. Conclusiones: Los avances en investigación proporcionados en este trabajo ponen de manifiesto que es posible el aprovechamiento de un descarte para cultivar las microalgas, incluso mejorando la productividad microalgal para su uso como alimento, disminuyendo los costos involucrados en el sector de producción microalgal cambiando el uso del tipo de medio de cultivo actual (F/2) por el proveniente de un descarte. Estos avances si son escalados y validados, pueden mejorar los estándares de sustentabilidad de la industria en el marco de una economía circular.
{"title":"Fitorremediación de efluentes acuícolas mediante el uso de seis microalgas marinas: aportes de sustentabilidad en la industria acuícola del erizo de mar en Argentina","authors":"A. Martelli, Tania Vanina Zualet, Maria Belén Miras Gagliardi, Tamara Rubilar","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58979","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: La industria acuícola está en constante crecimiento, registrando una producción mundial de casi 88 millones de toneladas para el año 2020. Esta industria trae consigo problemas ambientales si sus efluentes no son debidamente tratados. En el 2020, se constituyó la primera empresa de base tecnológica del CONICET en la Patagonia Argentina cuyo propósito es la producción acuícola del erizo verde de mar, Arbacia dufresnii con la finalidad de elaborar una gama de productos nutracéuticos. Su sistema de cultivo conlleva un compromiso de sustentabilidad desde su creación, y sin embargo genera efluentes con niveles altos de nitratos y fosfatos. \u0000Objetivo: Ante este escenario, y valorizando la biorremediación como herramienta de tratamiento de aguas, se propone en este trabajo la utilización de las microalgas marinas como agentes fitorremediadores del efluente acuícola. \u0000Métodos: Se utilizaron las microalgas Chaetoceros gracilis, Navicula sp., Tetraselmis suecica., Rhodomona salina., Nanochloropsis galvana y Cylindrotheca closterium, las cuales son usadas como alimento de las larvas del erizo en el proceso productivo. Se diseñó un experimento que compara el crecimiento microalgal y la capacidad de remoción de los nutrientes en el efluente en contraste con el medio de cultivo artificial actualmente usado en el ciclo productivo. \u0000Resultados: Es posible remediar el efluente de la industria acuícola mediante las microalgas seleccionadas, con porcentaje de eficacia de remoción del 100 % del nitrato y un porcentaje de eficacia de remoción promedio de 50 % para todas las microalgas testeadas. Asimismo, se obtuvieron valores de biomasa microalgal significativamente mayores cuando el cultivo fue realizado en el efluente respecto del cultivo en el medio artificial. \u0000Conclusiones: Los avances en investigación proporcionados en este trabajo ponen de manifiesto que es posible el aprovechamiento de un descarte para cultivar las microalgas, incluso mejorando la productividad microalgal para su uso como alimento, disminuyendo los costos involucrados en el sector de producción microalgal cambiando el uso del tipo de medio de cultivo actual (F/2) por el proveniente de un descarte. Estos avances si son escalados y validados, pueden mejorar los estándares de sustentabilidad de la industria en el marco de una economía circular.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"241 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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