Pub Date : 2018-10-22DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v66i4.31908
L. G. Juárez Hernández
Coastal development and urbanization have increased the sediments that are washed from the land surface, producing adverse effects on the structure and functioning of coral reefs. The objective of this study was to identify the degree to which excessive sediments have disturbed the fish community in the coral reefs in the Maguey and Violin bays, located in the Huatulco National Park (Mexico). Fish samples were collected before and after disturbances produced by sediments associated with coastal development projects. Indicators of changes in the fish communities included the number and diversity of species as well as equity and dominance before and after the disturbances. The analysis was performed through means comparison tests, similarity analysis (ANOSIM) and similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER). In both locations, it was observed that the diversity, evenness, abundance and number of species were higher prior to the disturbance, but not for dominance, which shows an inverse pattern. In Maguey, significant differences in evenness and dominance were observed (U = 28, p = 0.0401; U = 24, p = 0.0472), as well as in species composition and abundance (ANOSIM = 0.35, p = 0.009). The similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) indicated that after the disturbance, more than 46 % of the species showed decreases in average abundance, highlighting the absence of Prionurus laticlavius, as well as the decrease in abundance of: P. punctatus, Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus, Microspathodon dorsalis, Lutjanus novemfaciatus and Stegates acapulcoensis. Inadequate planning and implementation of coastal development projects that contribute to the discharge of excessive sediments into the sea were determinants of negative changes in the coral communities in Maguey and Violin, whose effects could be seen in the composition of the species and the abundance, equity, and dominance of the fish community in Maguey.
沿海发展和城市化增加了从陆地表面冲上岸的沉积物，对珊瑚礁的结构和功能产生了不利影响。本研究的目的是确定过量沉积物对位于华图尔科国家公园(墨西哥)的马圭湾和小提琴湾珊瑚礁中鱼类群落的干扰程度。在与沿海开发项目有关的沉积物产生干扰之前和之后采集了鱼类样本。鱼类群落变化的指标包括物种数量和多样性以及干扰前后的公平和优势度。采用均值比较检验、相似度分析(ANOSIM)和相似度百分比分析(SIMPER)进行分析。2个地点的物种多样性、均匀度、丰度和数量均高于干扰前，但优势度与干扰前相反。在Maguey中，均匀度和优势度存在显著差异(U = 28, p = 0.0401;U = 24, p = 0.0472)，物种组成和丰度差异(ANOSIM = 0.35, p = 0.009)。相似百分比分析(SIMPER)表明，干扰后，超过46%的物种平均丰度下降，突出显示了长尾棘鼠的缺失，以及点孔棘鼠、oxycephalus、microspthodon dorsalis、Lutjanus novemfaciatus和Stegates acapulcoensis的丰度下降。沿海开发项目的规划和实施不足，导致过量沉积物排放到海洋中，是马圭和小提琴珊瑚群落发生负面变化的决定因素，其影响可以从马圭的物种组成以及鱼类群落的丰富度、公平度和优势度中看出。
{"title":"Cambios en la comunidad de peces por efecto del desarrollo costero en el Parque Nacional Huatulco (México)","authors":"L. G. Juárez Hernández","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v66i4.31908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i4.31908","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal development and urbanization have increased the sediments that are washed from the land surface, producing adverse effects on the structure and functioning of coral reefs. The objective of this study was to identify the degree to which excessive sediments have disturbed the fish community in the coral reefs in the Maguey and Violin bays, located in the Huatulco National Park (Mexico). Fish samples were collected before and after disturbances produced by sediments associated with coastal development projects. Indicators of changes in the fish communities included the number and diversity of species as well as equity and dominance before and after the disturbances. The analysis was performed through means comparison tests, similarity analysis (ANOSIM) and similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER). In both locations, it was observed that the diversity, evenness, abundance and number of species were higher prior to the disturbance, but not for dominance, which shows an inverse pattern. In Maguey, significant differences in evenness and dominance were observed (U = 28, p = 0.0401; U = 24, p = 0.0472), as well as in species composition and abundance (ANOSIM = 0.35, p = 0.009). The similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) indicated that after the disturbance, more than 46 % of the species showed decreases in average abundance, highlighting the absence of Prionurus laticlavius, as well as the decrease in abundance of: P. punctatus, Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus, Microspathodon dorsalis, Lutjanus novemfaciatus and Stegates acapulcoensis. Inadequate planning and implementation of coastal development projects that contribute to the discharge of excessive sediments into the sea were determinants of negative changes in the coral communities in Maguey and Violin, whose effects could be seen in the composition of the species and the abundance, equity, and dominance of the fish community in Maguey.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81060765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-20DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v66i4.32258
Vanessa Morales Cerdas, Lilliana María Piedra Castro, Marilyn Romero Vargas, Tania Bermúdez Rojas
Environmental quality contributes to the physical and mental well-being of the population. In this way, the green areas (GA) of the cities are essential spaces for coexistence, sports, socialization, recreation, among others. The objective of this research was to determine the environmental conditions of green areas, using indicators as tool for urban management in two cities of Costa Rica. The study area corresponded to the districts of Heredia and Carmen, Costa Rica. The existing GA were determined using Rapid Eye satellite images, 2 012 through spatial analysis and remote sensing. Eleven indicators of urban green areas were applied, the species was identified, the height, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the number of trees in parks and streets were measured. In addition, surveys were conducted to users of public GA, on issues related to accessibility and use of GA. Five types of GA were identified in Carmen and six were located in Heredia. The percentage of public and private green areas corresponded to 36 % and 64 % in Carmen and 13 % and 87 % in Heredia respectively. The green area per capita (m2 / hab) was 24.6 in Carmen and 2.7 in Heredia. Sixty-two species of trees were identified in the Carmen parks and 23 in Heredia. There were 1 105 trees of 61 species in the streets, sidewalks and avenues of Carmen and 278 individuals of 47 species in Heredia. Regarding the existence of riparian vegetation, it was determined that the Pirro, Burrio, Torres and Negritos streams maintain 82 %, 51 %, 81 % and 14 % of the area of protection of their margins in conforming use. 11 of the public GA’s were evaluated, nine presented a high physical accessibility. In both districts, the surveyed citizens indicated the necessity to have more GA, highlighting the recreational, ecological and touristic value of these spaces. It is concluded that the indicators of urban green areas showed that there are differences between the environmental conditions in both of the evaluated cities. In addition, the applicability of the indicators is feasible as an input for the sustainable environmental management of urban ecosystems.
{"title":"Indicadores ambientales de áreas verdes urbanas para la gestión en dos ciudades costarricenses","authors":"Vanessa Morales Cerdas, Lilliana María Piedra Castro, Marilyn Romero Vargas, Tania Bermúdez Rojas","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v66i4.32258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i4.32258","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental quality contributes to the physical and mental well-being of the population. In this way, the green areas (GA) of the cities are essential spaces for coexistence, sports, socialization, recreation, among others. The objective of this research was to determine the environmental conditions of green areas, using indicators as tool for urban management in two cities of Costa Rica. The study area corresponded to the districts of Heredia and Carmen, Costa Rica. The existing GA were determined using Rapid Eye satellite images, 2 012 through spatial analysis and remote sensing. Eleven indicators of urban green areas were applied, the species was identified, the height, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the number of trees in parks and streets were measured. In addition, surveys were conducted to users of public GA, on issues related to accessibility and use of GA. Five types of GA were identified in Carmen and six were located in Heredia. The percentage of public and private green areas corresponded to 36 % and 64 % in Carmen and 13 % and 87 % in Heredia respectively. The green area per capita (m2 / hab) was 24.6 in Carmen and 2.7 in Heredia. Sixty-two species of trees were identified in the Carmen parks and 23 in Heredia. There were 1 105 trees of 61 species in the streets, sidewalks and avenues of Carmen and 278 individuals of 47 species in Heredia. Regarding the existence of riparian vegetation, it was determined that the Pirro, Burrio, Torres and Negritos streams maintain 82 %, 51 %, 81 % and 14 % of the area of protection of their margins in conforming use. 11 of the public GA’s were evaluated, nine presented a high physical accessibility. In both districts, the surveyed citizens indicated the necessity to have more GA, highlighting the recreational, ecological and touristic value of these spaces. It is concluded that the indicators of urban green areas showed that there are differences between the environmental conditions in both of the evaluated cities. In addition, the applicability of the indicators is feasible as an input for the sustainable environmental management of urban ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"403 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77734893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v66i3.30818
Cristian Román Palacios, Alejandro Valencia Zuleta
Whereas more than 10 % of the global amphibian richness is known to occur in Colombia, almost 16 % of these species are currently classified as Data Deficient according to the IUCN. These estimates suggest that the available data for a large portion of the amphibians occurring in Colombia is insufficient to assess extinction risk. Here we aim to (1) review the available information on the distribution of the Colombian Data Deficient (DD hereafter) amphibians, (2) analyze their geographic distribution, and (3) evaluate the relationship between anthropogenic impact and their current conservation status. For this, we first compiled geographical records for the DD amphibian species using primary sources. Geographical records were obtained mainly from taxonomic descriptions and non-systematic surveys. We then estimated the geographical range and inferred the potential distribution for each species using LetsR and MaxEnt, respectively. We quantified the human footprint for each species and tested the relationship between spatial distribution and anthropogenic change across populations. Analyses are here based on 128 of the 129 amphibians that occur in Colombia and are currently listed as DD. We found that most of these species were recently described and have small geographic ranges. A large proportion of these DD amphibians inhabit the Colombian Andes, and their populations have been strongly affected by human activities. Overall, the spatial clustering suggests that many of these species have faced similar environmental and anthropogenic pressures that have contributed to their rareness. We also suggest that the conservation status of several of the analyzed DD amphibians should be changed to account for the threats they face.
{"title":"On the Data Deficient amphibians occurring in Colombia","authors":"Cristian Román Palacios, Alejandro Valencia Zuleta","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v66i3.30818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i3.30818","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas more than 10 % of the global amphibian richness is known to occur in Colombia, almost 16 % of these species are currently classified as Data Deficient according to the IUCN. These estimates suggest that the available data for a large portion of the amphibians occurring in Colombia is insufficient to assess extinction risk. Here we aim to (1) review the available information on the distribution of the Colombian Data Deficient (DD hereafter) amphibians, (2) analyze their geographic distribution, and (3) evaluate the relationship between anthropogenic impact and their current conservation status. For this, we first compiled geographical records for the DD amphibian species using primary sources. Geographical records were obtained mainly from taxonomic descriptions and non-systematic surveys. We then estimated the geographical range and inferred the potential distribution for each species using LetsR and MaxEnt, respectively. We quantified the human footprint for each species and tested the relationship between spatial distribution and anthropogenic change across populations. Analyses are here based on 128 of the 129 amphibians that occur in Colombia and are currently listed as DD. We found that most of these species were recently described and have small geographic ranges. A large proportion of these DD amphibians inhabit the Colombian Andes, and their populations have been strongly affected by human activities. Overall, the spatial clustering suggests that many of these species have faced similar environmental and anthropogenic pressures that have contributed to their rareness. We also suggest that the conservation status of several of the analyzed DD amphibians should be changed to account for the threats they face. ","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"439 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78235568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En este trabajo se presentan las observaciones recogidas en el Territorio Federal de Río Branco y alrededores, en el extremo Norte del Brasil ( Amazonia) , con relación al habitat y costumbres de los mamíferos coleccionados en viajes por la región. Asimismo se hace una reseña histórica de las especies colectadas en la misma, zona en épocas pasadas, por varios interesados. De esta colecta se considera a Ateles b. belzebuth, Proechimys g. guayannensis y Dactylomys d. dactylinus como los primeros ejemplares obtenidos en el país.
在巴西北部(亚马逊)的里约热内卢Branco联邦领土及其周边地区收集的观察结果，与在该地区旅行时收集的哺乳动物的栖息地和习惯有关。它还对过去在同一地区收集的物种进行了历史回顾，由不同的利益相关者。从这些标本中，Ateles b. belzebuth、Proechimys g. guayannensis和Dactylomys d. dactylinus被认为是该国最早获得的标本。
{"title":"Esboco mastofaunistico do Territorio do Rio Branco","authors":"Cory T. De Carvalho","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v9i1.30056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v9i1.30056","url":null,"abstract":"En este trabajo se presentan las observaciones recogidas en el Territorio Federal de Río Branco y alrededores, en el extremo Norte del Brasil ( Amazonia) , con relación al habitat y costumbres de los mamíferos coleccionados en viajes por la región. Asimismo se hace una reseña histórica de las especies colectadas en la misma, zona en épocas pasadas, por varios interesados. De esta colecta se considera a Ateles b. belzebuth, Proechimys g. guayannensis y Dactylomys d. dactylinus como los primeros ejemplares obtenidos en el país.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82375513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-01DOI: 10.15517/RBT.V60I3.28362
F. Acuña, J. Cortés, A. Garese
The sea anemone fauna of Isla del Coco National Park (also known as Cocos Island Nacional Park), Pacific Costa Rica is poorly known. In the present work we report the first occurrence of the species Telmatactis panamensis. Individuals of this sea anemone (n=24) were collected at Chatham Bay intertidal and at 15m depth in Punta Ulloa, in both cases attached to rocks; during the expedition UCR-UNA-COCO-I in April 2010. We provide photographs of live individuals, external anatomy and an inventory of cnidae of the studied specimens. Possibly this species is extended to greater depth as observed by other authors in the Galápagos Islands. Citation: Acuña, F.H., J. Cortés & A. Garese. 2012. Ocurrence of the sea anemone Telmatactis panamensis (verrill, 1869) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 3): 201-205. Epub 2012 Dec 01.
科科斯岛国家公园(也被称为科科斯岛国家公园)，太平洋哥斯达黎加的海葵动物群鲜为人知。在本工作中，我们报道了第一次出现的巴拿马Telmatactis panamensis。在查塔姆湾潮间带和蓬塔乌略亚15米深的地方收集了这种海葵的个体(n=24)，它们都附着在岩石上;在2010年4月UCR-UNA-COCO-I考察队期间。我们提供活体个体的照片，外部解剖和研究标本的针孔虫清单。可能这个物种延伸到更深的深度，正如其他作者在Galápagos群岛所观察到的那样。引用本文:Acuña, f.h.， J. cort & A. Garese, 2012。巴拿马海葵(verrill, 1869)(刺胞纲:珊瑚虫纲:Actiniaria)在哥斯达黎加可可岛国家公园的发生。启杂志。物理学报，60(增刊3):201-205。Epub 2012年12月1日
{"title":"Ocurrence of the sea anemone Telmatactis panamensis (Verrill, 1869) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica","authors":"F. Acuña, J. Cortés, A. Garese","doi":"10.15517/RBT.V60I3.28362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RBT.V60I3.28362","url":null,"abstract":"The sea anemone fauna of Isla del Coco National Park (also known as Cocos Island Nacional Park), Pacific Costa Rica is poorly known. In the present work we report the first occurrence of the species Telmatactis panamensis. Individuals of this sea anemone (n=24) were collected at Chatham Bay intertidal and at 15m depth in Punta Ulloa, in both cases attached to rocks; during the expedition UCR-UNA-COCO-I in April 2010. We provide photographs of live individuals, external anatomy and an inventory of cnidae of the studied specimens. Possibly this species is extended to greater depth as observed by other authors in the Galápagos Islands. Citation: Acuña, F.H., J. Cortés & A. Garese. 2012. Ocurrence of the sea anemone Telmatactis panamensis (verrill, 1869) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 3): 201-205. Epub 2012 Dec 01.","PeriodicalId":21429,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Tropical","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79423510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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