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Smart Aided Device for Human Safety Using IoT 使用物联网的人类安全智能辅助设备
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.342
G. P. P. S. M. S. Abdulraheem M., Abinav Batsha K., Logeswaran M.
The safety of people is a increasing Emergency in India and other countries. The primary issue in the handling of these cases by the police lies in constraints preventing them from responding quickly to calls of distress. To aid in the removal of these distress, this paper introduces the position sensor, panic button and GSM, it conveys the message containing the person is in emergency as an alert message. One of the aim of this work is for safety purpose of people.People safety has always been an issue even in these modern times with so much advancement in technology. People are not safe anywhere and are most vulnerable when traveling alone into lonely roads and deserted places. Existing hand held safety devices for people require human intervention for activating the device such as pressing the button or shake the device etc. after sensing the danger. We propose a solution which will try to overcome the disadvantages of the existing systems and also aim at providing false proof safety to people. The proposed work aims at designing a safety device that relies on providing security to people by the method of connectivity to the device and alerting nearby people and police when a people is not safe. Moreover, for first-hand safety, shockwave generator is also designed that people can use to attack the perpetrator. Semantic social engineering attacks are a pervasive threat to computer and communication systems. By employing deception rather than by exploiting technical vulnerabilities, spear-phishing, obfuscated, drive-by downloads, scare ware, and+ other attacks are able to circumvent traditional technical security controls and target the user directly. Our aim is to explore the feasibility of predicting user susceptibility to deception-based attacks through attributes that can be measured, preferably in real-time and in an automated manner. Toward this goal, we have conducted two experiments, the first on users recruited on the Internet, allowing us to identify useful high-level features through association rule mining, and the second on a smaller group of users, allowing us to study these features in more detail. In both experiments, participants were presented with attack and non-attack exhibits and were tested in terms of their ability to distinguish between the two. Using the data collected, we have determined practical predictors of users’ susceptibility against semantic attacks to produce and evaluate a logistic regression and a random forest prediction model, with the accuracy respectively. We have observed that security training makes a noticeable difference in a user’s ability to detect deception attempts, with one of the most important features being the time since last self-study, while formal security education through lectures appears to be much less useful as a predictor. Other important features were computer literacy, familiarity, and frequency of access to a specific platform. Depending on an organization’s preferences, the models
在印度和其他国家,人们的安全日益成为一个紧急问题。警方在处理这些案件时的主要问题是受到种种限制,无法迅速对遇险电话作出反应。为了帮助人们消除这些困境,本文引入了位置传感器、紧急按钮和GSM,它以报警的方式传递包含人处于紧急情况的信息。这项工作的目的之一是为了人们的安全。即使在科技如此发达的现代,人们的安全一直是一个问题。人们在任何地方都不安全,在孤独的道路和荒凉的地方独自旅行时最容易受到伤害。现有的手持式安全装置在感知到危险后,需要人为干预才能激活装置,如按下按钮或摇动装置等。我们提出了一种解决方案,它将试图克服现有系统的缺点,并旨在为人们提供虚假证明安全。拟议的工作旨在设计一种安全设备,通过连接设备的方法为人们提供安全保障,并在人们不安全时向附近的人和警察发出警报。此外,为了第一手的安全,还设计了冲击波发生器,人们可以使用它来攻击犯罪者。语义社会工程攻击是对计算机和通信系统的普遍威胁。通过欺骗而不是利用技术漏洞,鱼叉式网络钓鱼、混淆、驾车下载、恐吓软件和其他攻击能够绕过传统的技术安全控制并直接针对用户。我们的目标是探索通过可测量的属性来预测用户对基于欺骗的攻击的易感性的可行性,最好是实时和自动化的方式。为了实现这个目标,我们进行了两个实验,第一个是在互联网上招募的用户,允许我们通过关联规则挖掘来识别有用的高级特征,第二个是在一个较小的用户组上,允许我们更详细地研究这些特征。在这两个实验中,参与者都看到了攻击性和非攻击性的展品,并测试了他们区分这两种展品的能力。利用收集到的数据,我们确定了用户对语义攻击的敏感性的实际预测因子,并分别生成和评估了逻辑回归和随机森林预测模型,其精度分别为。我们观察到,安全培训对用户检测欺骗企图的能力有明显的影响,其中最重要的特征之一是自上次自学以来的时间,而通过讲座进行的正式安全教育作为预测因素似乎不那么有用。其他重要的特征是计算机知识、熟悉程度和访问特定平台的频率。根据组织的偏好,可以将学习到的模型配置为最小化假阳性或假阴性,或者基于概率阈值最大化准确性。在当今世界,每个女孩心中的主要问题都是关于她的安全和安全。几年前,一个女人必须去娱乐系统(社交媒体)抗议和警告自己面临的性骚扰?一份报告显示,51%的女性不得不不情愿地经历性骚扰。在公共场所、工作场所和家中,这一比例分别为66%、38%和35%。起初,警察处理案件是一个大问题,但也有一些麻烦,如不知道受害者的确切紧急情况,不确定犯罪发生,然后缺乏证据,警察停止调查。如今,人身安全已经成为每个人的重要问题,尤其是对人来说。在这里,我们介绍一个系统,以确保人民的保护。这种装置可以很容易地携带,当他们感觉到危险时就可以拿走。该项目的理念是为人们提供一个快速响应和报告的安全装置。该应用程序帮助人们克服恐惧,并可以打电话给她的监护人,他/她可以接受帮助。只要按下智能手环上的按钮,它就会报告一个情况。我们的项目就像一个智能手环;它具有保护人民的能力,在波段内集成了各种传感器。当他/她佩戴手环或手表时,如果他/她面临任何形式的骚扰或如果他/她感到发生了危险,他/她可以按下手表上的按钮,当他/她摔倒时,紧急情况,身体姿势,脉搏率和短信警报等各种信息通过GSM发送到预定义的号码。这将有助于减少危害人民的犯罪。为了确保人们的安全,我们开发了这个项目,它可以作为一个救援装置,在危险的时候保护人们。
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引用次数: 0
Driver Monitoring System Using Machine Learning 基于机器学习的驾驶员监控系统
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.119
M. D. Ingle et al.
As technology improves and becomes more novel, means of transportation are becoming more sophisticated. There are some rules that all motorists must follow, regardless of social status. The proposed system aims to reduce the number of accidents caused by driver drowsiness and fatigue and increase transport safety. This has become a common cause of accidents in recent years. Multiple facial and body gestures, such as tired eyes and yawning, are considered signs of driver drowsiness and fatigue. EAR (Eye Aspect Ratio) calculates the ratio of distance between horizontal and vertical eye marks required to detect drowsiness. It uses machine learning algorithms to identify facial features and alerts the driver with a buzzer when drowsiness is detected. We used Convolutional Neural Networks, a class in OpenCV and deep learning. We also use image processing, which uses computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images. It is a camera-based technology that monitors driver attention. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to classify the state of the eyes and mouth. In machine vision- based driver fatigue detection, blink frequency and yawning are key indicators for evaluating driver fatigue. This project was undertaken to provide data and a different perspective on current issues.
随着技术的进步和创新,交通工具也变得越来越复杂。无论社会地位如何,所有驾车者都必须遵守一些规则。该系统旨在减少因驾驶员疲劳和疲劳引起的交通事故数量,并提高交通安全性。这已成为近年来事故的常见原因。多种面部和身体动作,如疲劳的眼睛和打哈欠,被认为是司机困倦和疲劳的迹象。EAR(眼睛宽高比)计算水平和垂直眼睛标记之间距离的比例,以检测睡意。它使用机器学习算法来识别面部特征,并在检测到司机困倦时用蜂鸣器提醒司机。我们使用了卷积神经网络,OpenCV中的一个类和深度学习。我们也使用图像处理,它使用计算机算法对数字图像进行图像处理。这是一种基于摄像头的技术,可以监控司机的注意力。使用卷积神经网络(CNN)对眼睛和嘴巴的状态进行分类。在基于机器视觉的驾驶员疲劳检测中,眨眼频率和打哈欠是评估驾驶员疲劳程度的关键指标。开展这个项目是为了提供数据和对当前问题的不同看法。
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引用次数: 0
Low Power IoT based Implementation ECG & Health Monitoring System. 基于低功耗物联网的心电健康监测系统。
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.319
Md. Omer Farooq et al. Altaf C.
The demand for efficient and cost-effective health monitoring systems is increasing rapidly due to the growing aging population and rising health concerns. In this context, the Low Power IoT-Based Implementation ECG & Health Monitoring System proposed in this project is a significant step forward. The system incorporates the MAX30100 sensor and ESP32 to monitor and track the user's electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and various other health parameters, such as heart rate, blood oxygen levels, and temperature. The proposed system is highly reliable, accurate, and portable, making it an ideal choice for health monitoring applications. The MAX30100 sensor is a low-cost, highly sensitive optical sensor that measures blood oxygen levels and heart rate through the fingertip. The ESP32 is a low-power, high-performance microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, enabling the proposed system to be connected to the internet and transmit data wirelessly. In addition, the system features an inbuilt LCD that displays the readings and a Telegram bot that provides real-time remote monitoring of the user's health data. The proposed system's power consumption is incredibly low, making it suitable for long-term health monitoring applications. Moreover, the system's low-power consumption also ensures extended battery life, making it highly efficient and cost-effective. Overall, the proposed Low Power IoT-Based Implementation ECG & Health Monitoring System offers a highly reliable and efficient solution for health monitoring applications. The combination of the MAX30100 sensor and ESP32 microcontroller provides highly accurate measurements, and the system's low-power consumption ensures extended battery life. The Telegram bot and inbuilt LCD offer real-time monitoring capabilities, making it an ideal choice for remote health monitoring applications.
由于人口老龄化和健康问题日益严重,对高效和具有成本效益的健康监测系统的需求正在迅速增加。在此背景下,本课题提出的低功耗物联网实现心电健康监测系统是向前迈出的重要一步。该系统集成了MAX30100传感器和ESP32来监测和跟踪用户的心电图(ECG)信号和各种其他健康参数,如心率、血氧水平和温度。该系统可靠、准确、便携,是健康监测应用的理想选择。MAX30100传感器是一种低成本、高灵敏度的光学传感器,可通过指尖测量血氧水平和心率。ESP32是一款低功耗、高性能的微控制器,内置Wi-Fi和蓝牙功能,使所提出的系统能够连接到互联网并无线传输数据。此外,该系统还内置了一个显示读数的液晶显示器和一个电报机器人,可以实时远程监控用户的健康数据。所提出的系统的功耗低得令人难以置信,使其适合长期健康监测应用。此外,该系统的低功耗也确保了电池寿命的延长,使其高效且具有成本效益。总体而言,本文提出的基于低功耗物联网的心电健康监测系统为健康监测应用提供了一个高度可靠和高效的解决方案。MAX30100传感器和ESP32微控制器的结合提供了高度精确的测量,系统的低功耗确保了延长的电池寿命。Telegram bot和内置LCD提供实时监控功能,使其成为远程健康监控应用程序的理想选择。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary Assessment on Water Quality of Kolar River with Physico Chemical Analysis 科拉尔河水质的理化初步评价
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.132
H. Bhat, M. Ganie, Wahid Ahmad Hurra, A. Bhawsar
River water quality is very essential as it is used for drinking and domestic purposes. For the public health safety it is necessary to check the pollution level in the water bodies. The study was conducted to assess the water quality of Kolar River (A right bank tributary of wholly Narmada River). During the present study a number of physiochemical parameters including Temperature, pH, EC, TDS, DO and Chloride, were measured on field, so that the accuracy of the result will be appropriate while as Nitrate and Phosphate were measured in the lab. The water samples were collected in plastic container of 500 ml capacity from eight (8) different selective sampling stations along the Kolar River. The mean value of such respective parameters compared with the water quality standards as set by the WHO and BIS.
河流的水质是非常重要的,因为它用于饮用和家庭用途。为了公共卫生安全,对水体的污染程度进行检测是必要的。对纳尔马达河的右岸支流科拉尔河进行了水质评价。在本研究中,实地测量了许多理化参数,包括温度、pH、EC、TDS、DO和氯化物,以便在实验室测量硝酸盐和磷酸盐时,结果的准确性将是适当的。水样采集于500毫升容量的塑料容器中,来自科拉尔河沿岸8个不同的选择性采样站。与世界卫生组织及国际卫生组织所订的水质标准比较,各参数的平均值。
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引用次数: 0
Pattern of Parent - Child Relationship among High and Low Adjusted Higher Secondary Class (IX Class) Pupils as Perceived by Them 高、低调节高中(九)班学生感知的亲子关系模式
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.357
Shivi Srivastava
Perception of parental - behaviour by a child contributes in his socialization. The Childs adjustment status remains also effected by the perception of parental behaviour. In this study the parental behaviour of high and low adjusted pupils have been examined. The study has been conducted on Class - IX pupils. The parent-child relationship has been assessed by using “PCR Questionnaire” of Dr. R.A. Singh (1981) and adjustment status by using “Adjustment Inventory” of Dr. V.K. Mittal (1965). It has been reported that normally, the high adjusted pupils have their better perception of parental behaviour than to those low adjusted. However, the protecting, punishing and disciplining behaviour of parents significantly effect to the degree of adjustments of the pupils.
孩子对父母行为的感知有助于他的社会化。儿童的适应状况也受到父母行为感知的影响。本研究考察了高低调节小学生的家长行为。这项研究是在九年级学生中进行的。亲子关系采用R.A. Singh博士(1981)的“PCR问卷”和V.K. Mittal博士(1965)的“调整量表”进行评估。据报道,正常情况下,高适应的学生比低适应的学生对父母的行为有更好的感知。而家长的保护、惩罚和惩戒行为对小学生的适应程度有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Livelihood, Conservation, and Resistance: Mahila Mandal in the Tribal Region of Odisha 生计、保护和抵抗:奥里萨邦部落地区的Mahila Mandal
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.110
Ambuja Kumar Tripathy
As the nation celebrates the presidential victory of one tribal woman from the northern district of Mayurbhanj in Odisha (Ms. Droupadi Murmu), this study attempts to analyse the dynamics surrounding collective agency of rural tribal women in the state with special reference to its south- western districts. In the tribal region of Odisha, women by and large have been accorded a secondary status with respect to decision-making and access to resources. They negotiate access to village common resources to sustain viable livelihoods. In recent times, the fragile ecology in this forest and mineral rich area has witnessed serious damages in the development process. While the impacts are felt across the communities, women are the most vulnerable section. This paper, drawing on extensive fieldwork, focuses on women’s collective at village level, locally known as mahila mandal, as an initiative of a well known civil society organization, Agragamee. Mahila mandal has played a critical role in collective action for natural resource management- in releasing unproductive wastes like degraded forest lands and wastelands from the control of village dominant groups for productive use and management. Further, it has led to considerable collective agency formation in the form of collective mobilizations and resistances by local women against some of the policies of the state directly affecting their livelihoods. Anti-liquor movement and hill broom movement by local women are good instances in this regard. Mahila mandal, however, is currently facing formidable challenges for its survival, especially owing to the rapid spread of self help groups (SHGs) in the region. At the same time, as my recent fieldwork shows, it is indeed experimenting different strategies to revive the old spirit and enthusiasm among local people. In these circumstances, it would not be inaccurate to say that mahila mandal is currently situated between hope and scepticism.
当全国庆祝一位来自奥里萨邦Mayurbhanj北部地区的部落妇女(Droupadi Murmu女士)赢得总统选举时,本研究试图分析该州农村部落妇女集体代理的动态,并特别参考其西南部地区。在奥里萨邦的部落地区,妇女在决策和获得资源方面基本上处于次要地位。他们通过谈判获得村里的公共资源,以维持可行的生计。近年来,这片森林和矿产资源丰富的地区脆弱的生态在开发过程中受到了严重的破坏。虽然整个社区都能感受到影响,但妇女是最脆弱的群体。本文基于广泛的实地调查,重点关注村一级的妇女集体,当地称为mahila mandal,这是一个著名的民间社会组织Agragamee的倡议。Mahila mandal在自然资源管理的集体行动中发挥了关键作用,将退化的林地和荒地等非生产性废物从村庄主导集团的控制中释放出来,用于生产性利用和管理。此外,它还以集体动员的形式形成了相当大的集体机构,当地妇女反对直接影响其生计的一些国家政策。当地妇女的禁酒运动和扫山车运动就是很好的例子。然而,Mahila mandal目前正面临着巨大的生存挑战,特别是由于该地区自助团体(shg)的迅速蔓延。与此同时,正如我最近的实地考察所显示的那样,它确实在尝试不同的策略来重振当地人的旧精神和热情。在这种情况下,说mahila mandal目前处于希望和怀疑之间是不准确的。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Study on Strength Deformation Behavior of Large Diameter Thin-Walled Aluminium Alloy Tubes Subjected to CNC Bending 数控弯曲大直径薄壁铝合金管强度变形特性试验研究
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.402
Vaishak N. L., Dilip Kumar K.
The strength deformation behavior of thin walled aluminium alloy 6063 tubes under flexure has been presented. The effects of deformation, thinning, thickening of the tube wall surfaces, ovalness of the tube and springback angleat critical cross sections of the aluminium tubes are studiedunder different computer numerical control (CNC) bending conditions. Aluminium alloy tubes of 25mm outer diameter, 390 mm length and varying thickness of 1, 1.5 and 3mm have been used for testing. It is observed that, thinning and thickening of inner and outer bend of tube gradually rises with increase in the bend angle and meantime surface flattening and non-circularity of tube in terms diameters also upsurges for the increase in bend angle.Furthermore, experimental outcome of deformed tube is compared and characteristic result for effect of experimental parameters is found to be in good agreement with literature values.
研究了6063薄壁铝合金管在弯曲作用下的强度变形行为。研究了不同数控弯曲条件下铝管的变形、变薄、增厚、管的椭圆度和回弹角对铝管临界截面的影响。铝合金管外径25mm,长390mm,厚度1mm、1.5 mm、3mm不等。观察到,随着弯曲角的增大,管材内外弯的变薄和增厚逐渐增大,同时随着弯曲角的增大,管材表面的扁化和管材直径的非圆度也随之增大。并对变形管的实验结果进行了比较,发现实验参数影响的特征结果与文献值吻合较好。
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引用次数: 0
Structure - Catalytic Activity Correlation in Aluminium Hydroxide Supported Vanadia Catalysts 氢氧化铝负载钒催化剂的结构-催化活性相关性研究
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.156
Shanty Mathew, J. B. Nagy, Nagaraju N.
            Aluminium hydroxide samples containing vanadium in the range 5 - 25 wt % have been prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalysts have been characterized through % composition of vanadium, BET surface area, FTIR, PXRD, SEM and solid state V-NMR. Liquid phase conversion of benzyl alcohol over the above materials into various products has been used as a chemical probe to investigate the activity of these catalysts. Benzyl alcohol has been converted into benzaldehyde, toluene and 1, 2-diphenyl ethane (dibenzyl). Formation of various products at different loadings of vanadium is found to be related to structural features of vanadium oxo-species. Oxidation- reduction products and 1, 2-diphenyl ethane have been formed selectively, at lower loadings of vanadium, which was in the tetrahedral environment of oxygen and at higher loading when vanadium was in square pyramidal environment catalytic activity increased but with low selectivity. When aluminum hydroxide was used as a support monolayer coverage was completed only at higher loading indicating better dispersion of metal - oxo species over this support.
采用初湿浸渍法制备了钒含量在5 ~ 25wt %的氢氧化铝样品。通过钒含量、BET比表面积、FTIR、PXRD、SEM和固态V-NMR对催化剂进行了表征。用苄醇在上述材料上液相转化成各种产物作为化学探针来考察这些催化剂的活性。苯甲醇已转化为苯甲醛、甲苯和1,2 -二苯乙烷(二苯基)。发现不同钒负载下不同产物的形成与钒氧态的结构特征有关。氧化还原产物和1,2 -二苯乙烷在低负荷的氧四面体环境下有选择性地形成,在高负荷的氧四面体环境下有选择性地形成,而在高负荷的氧四面体环境下有选择性地形成。当使用氢氧化铝作为支撑层时,只有在较高的负载下才完成覆盖,这表明金属氧在该支撑层上的分散更好。
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引用次数: 0
To Study the Opinion of the Youtube Visitors Towards Advertisements and Its Influence Among Viewers 研究Youtube访问者对广告的看法及其对观众的影响
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.300
Mr. Praveen Kumar
Online marketing is one of the easiest ways to reach all types of customers in this digital era. Advertisement in social media, video streaming platforms and highly accessed websites, blogs are all popularly used as E-marketing tools. In online video streaming platform YouTube is highly accessed and also provides multilingual support, which helps the creators to reach a greater number of consumers from various regions. YouTube advertisements are In-streaming Ads and some of the advertisements are with skippable options. This study tries to figured out some basic opinion among the YouTube visitors about the advertisements and what kind of advertisements are likely to create viewers to proceed further without skip the advertisements. YouTube is allowed the creators to create their own ads and streaming it to the viewers and monitoring the views and responses for the advertisements.
在这个数字时代,在线营销是接触所有类型客户的最简单方法之一。在社交媒体、视频流媒体平台和高访问量的网站、博客上做广告都是广泛使用的网络营销工具。在在线视频流媒体平台上,YouTube访问量很高,还提供多语言支持,这有助于创作者接触到来自不同地区的更多消费者。YouTube广告是流媒体广告,有些广告带有可跳过的选项。本研究试图找出YouTube访问者对广告的一些基本看法,以及什么样的广告可能会让观众在不跳过广告的情况下继续观看。YouTube允许创作者制作自己的广告,并将其流式传输给观众,并监控观看次数和对广告的反应。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder in term of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) on Economic Wellbeing of Tribal Women at Kodaikanal Hills 理性情绪行为疗法(REBT)对科代卡纳尔山区部落妇女经济福利的影响
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.109
R. Srinivasulu, Vasuki Mathivanan
To study aimed to examine the impacts of rational emotional behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder of women working in coffee plantations of Kodaikanal. The case study is based on the ten tribal women working in the coffee plantations of the Kodaikanal. The tribal women are undergoing significant psychological and physical issues based on the OCD. The obsessive compulsive disorder is examined with “The Padua Inventory Scale by Ezio Sanavio” which measures their OCD level of tribal women working in the coffee plantations. The study involved ten tribal women segmented into two groups and these two groups were subjected to counseling based on the REBT methods. The Padua Inventory Scale by Ezio Sanavio” was used for assessing the OCD of tribal women. The before and after effects of the counseling therapy was examined using the paired t-test. The analysis was done based using the statistical software of SPSS – 20. The study found that effort of REBT was initiated by the researcher which is found to successful among the very low group which found the therapy is significant effect in returning to normalcy. The OCD is considerably declined among the tribal women workers in the study area based on the therapies given under the REBT regime. The implementation of this regime will improve psychological well being of the workers in the coffee plantation and also improve their efficiency at workplace.
本研究旨在探讨理性情绪行为治疗对科代卡纳尔咖啡种植园女工强迫症的影响。该案例研究以在Kodaikanal咖啡种植园工作的10名部落妇女为基础。部落妇女正经历着严重的基于强迫症的心理和生理问题。强迫症是用埃齐奥·萨纳维奥的“帕多瓦量表”来检测的,该量表测量了在咖啡种植园工作的部落妇女的强迫症水平。这项研究涉及10名部落妇女,她们被分成两组,这两组都接受了基于REBT方法的咨询。采用Ezio Sanavio编制的帕多瓦量表(Padua Inventory Scale)对部落女性强迫症进行评估。采用配对t检验对咨询治疗前后效果进行检验。采用SPSS - 20统计软件进行分析。研究发现,REBT的努力是由研究人员发起的,在非常低的群体中发现该疗法在恢复正常方面效果显著。基于在REBT制度下给予的治疗,在研究地区的部落女工中,强迫症的发病率大大下降。这一制度的实施将改善咖啡种植园工人的心理健康,并提高他们的工作效率。
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引用次数: 0
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