Saudi Medical Journal最新文献

Objectives: To assess the clinical course and long-term outcomes of complicated and uncomplicated AM in Saudi Arabia. Acute myocarditis (AM) can have different presentations and outcomes based on different factors, one of which is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods: Data from 382 patients with suspected AM, admitted between January 2016 and October 2023, were reviewed. Clinical course, in-hospital complications, and all-cause mortality were evaluated in both the acute and follow-up phases. Outcomes were compared between 2 groups: LVEF <50% (n=43); and normal LVEF (≥50% [n=41]) at presentation.

Results: Data from 84 patients (mean [±SD] age, 33.5±10.2 years; 26.2% female) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The most common symptom was chest pain (83.3%) and 11 (13.1%) patients had fulminant presentation. ST-T changes were found on electrocardiography in 45.2% of patients. The mean LVEF was 46±12.4% at presentation. Patients in the LVEF <50% group were significantly more likely to experience a first-time cardiac-related adverse event (CRAE) (hazard ratio 2.6 [95% confidence interval 1.1-6.2]; p=0.031) with a mean time of 38.8±3.8. The all-cause in-hospital and follow-up mortality rates in the LVEF <50% group were 4.7% (one-half cardiac-related) (p=0.494) and 4.7% (all cardiac-related) (p=0.494), respectively.

Conclusion: Of 84 patients diagnosed with AM, those with LVEF <50% were more likely to experience first-time CRAEs and exhibited low short- and long-term mortality rates.

Objectives: To determine body shape concerns (BSCs), sexual satisfaction, and associated factors in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: Using a structured and validated questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was carried out at the Maternity and Children's Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between August 2023 and June 2024. We included adult patients with PCOS who had completed at least one follow-up visit. We used multivariate analysis to determine the factors associated with BSC and sexual function. Spearman's correlation analysis was executed to assess the correlation concerning these 2 aspects.

Results: Of the 432 patients studied, nearly half (50.9%) had some degree of BSC and sexual dysfunction (50.5%). Body shape concern exhibited a significant association with age (p=0.001), education (p=0.017), occupation (p=0.005), and follow-up status (p=0.005). Sexual function and satisfaction were significantly associated with education (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.001), and the existence of other comorbidities (p=0.011). Additionally, the study revealed a negative relationship between sexual function assessment and BSC (Spearman's rho= -0.567; p=0.001).

Conclusion: This study encourages healthcare providers to proactively query sexual apprehension among these patients. These findings may guide health caregivers, policymakers, and scholars in developing measures to improve the quality of life of women with PCOS.

Objectives: To evaluate the features and frequency of hepatobiliary diseases in individuals with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: This retrospective study included all IBD patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The primary focus was on the prevalence of hepatobiliary diseases, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and others. The secondary focus was identifying predictors of these hepatobiliary manifestations in IBD patients. Associations were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results: Among a total of 885 patients with IBD patients, 4.3% presented with hepatobiliary manifestations. Of these cases, 31.6% were linked to Crohn's disease (CD). While 65.8% were associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) was most prevalent, especially in females. PSC was linked to specific IBD sites 39.3% of UC patients have the left-sided disease and 10.7% of patients with ileocolonic CD had PSC. The absence of comorbidities was associated with lower odds of developing PSC, while UC diagnosis, adalimumab use, and infliximab use were associated with higher odds of developing PSC.

Conclusion: A small percentage of IBD patients experience hepatobiliary complications, with PSC being the most prevalent. The study emphasizes the importance of closely monitoring IBD patients, especially those undergoing anti-TNF therapy.

Personalized medicine is a healthcare approach that designs treatment plans of each patient, considering genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This model leverages genomic information, advanced diagnostics, and data analytics to predict disease risk, optimize prevention strategies, and provide customized treatments. In Saudi Arabia, personalized medicine is gaining momentum, driven by the country's Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to transform the healthcare sector by integrating advanced medical technologies and improving healthcare delivery. The Kingdom has made significant strides in genomics and bioinformatics, with initiatives such as the Saudi Human Genome Program and advancements in institutions i.e., King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. Continued investment in research, education, and technology, alongside international collaborations, will be crucial in overcoming these challenges and realizing the full potential of personalized medicine. This review explores the current state, challenges, and future prospects of personalized medicine in Saudi Arabia, highlighting its transformative impact on healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate the phytochemical composition of Ajwa date extract and evaluate its antiviral activity and mechanism of action.

Methods: High perfomance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the phytochemical profile of Ajwa date extract. The antiviral activity was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay against herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) and coxsackievirus B4 (CVB-4). Assessment of the mechanism of action against HSV-I was carried out using 3 protocols. Molecular docking and quantum chemical calculations were carried out to predict the binding affinities of the identified compounds to viral glycoprotein D.

Results: A total of 17 metabolites belonging to different classes of metabolites, mainly flavonoids, phenolic acid derivatives, fatty acids, and sugar derivatives. Ajwa extract exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-I with an IC: 50 of 113.99±4.67 μg/mL, whereas it showed limited activity against CVB-4. The antiviral activity of Ajwa extract was mainly attributed to its cell protectant activity by preventing adherence of viral to host cell with an IC: 50 equal to 57.82±1.37μg/mL. Molecular docking studies indicated that chlorogenic acid had the strongest binding affinity to viral glycoprotein D, which suggests its potential role in inhibiting viral entry into host cells.

Conclusion: The Ajwa date extract demonstrated promising antiviral activity, especially against HSV-I. Integrating in vitro and in silico analyses provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of action.

Objectives: To identify the association of mothers with a career in higher educati--on and their children's growth and development.

Methods: This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design carried out at Wiraraja University, Sumenep, Indonesia, from March to August 2023. The samples were female lecturers at Wiraraja University. A total of 107 mothers were selected using total sampling. The mother's career was identified using a questionnaire and their child's growth and development were measured using child development pre-screening questionnaire. This study used Spearman's test data analysis.

Results: The correlation coefficient was 0.512 indicating a moderately strong relationship between working mothers and their child's growth and development. The findings suggest that time mothers' work-life balance, time allocation, and other support for caring child significantly impact developmental milestones.

Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the time spent with children and the child's growth and development. For working mothers in academia, creating a supportive family or childcare environment and creating dedicated, quality time for interaction with their children are essential. Working mothers are encouraged to manage their time effectively to balance professional and parenting responsibilities and to engage in activities that enhance their children's physical, mental, and emotional development.

Objectives: To investigate the long-term effects of Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound (US) in treating the trigger finger. Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a common type of tenosynovitis affecting the flexor sheath of any finger. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy and therapeutic US are conservative treatments that use waves of varied frequency to target damaged regions and improve function.

Methods: This cohort study was carried out in Saudi Arabia, using samples obtain from the files of patients with trigger fingers who visited the orthopedic department at Al-Rass General Hospital between May and June 2023. Of the 38 people with trigger fingers who were initially included, 24 satisfied the requirements for inclusion (11 underwent US, and 13 received ESWT). Assessments were conducted in September 2023, two months later. A goniometer was used to measure the range of motion (ROM), an electrical dynamometer was used to test grip strength, a numerical pain rating scale was used to quantify discomfort, and QuickDASH was used to measure general functional capacity.

Results: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy and US significantly affected all outcomes, including pain severity, ROM, hand strength, and general functional capability (p<0.005). In the immediate period, the US outperformed ESWT in enhancing general functional capability. Over time, ESWT was more essential for reducing pain (p=0.001).

Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that ESWT and US have similar effects in treating trigger fingers.