Saudi Medical Journal最新文献

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of the 3-Minute Nutrition Screening (3-MinNS) tool in adults hospitalized for cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study of 759 cardiovascular disease patients in Erciyes University Cardiology Clinic, anthropometric measurements and some routine biochemical parameters were recorded, and nutrition screening tools were used to determine malnutrition status. The power of 3-MinNS to detect malnutrition in cardiovascular diseases patients was calculated.

Results: There was a strong positive correlation between 3-MinNS and Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) (r=0.719, p<0.001). A moderate agreement was found between 3-MinNS and NRS-2002 (κ=0.496, p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 3-MinNS were 79.1%, 75.0%, and 0.851, respectively, and it was determined to be a moderately effective nutrition screening tool that can be used to identify malnutrition in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion: The 3-MinNS is a moderately effective nutrition screening tool that can be administered within the first 24 hours of hospitalization in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between psychological resilience and well-being, considering various demographic factors within a Saudi society.

Methods: This study was carried out in King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January to March 2023. A total of 746 male and female participants aged 18 and above were surveyed. We used a comparative, descriptive, correlational research method to achieve the study objectives, utilizing Conner and Davidson's resilience measure and Ryff's well-being scale for data collection. The statistical methods employed included Spearman's correlation coefficient, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results: The study revealed a positive link between psychological resilience and well-being, emphasizing their significance in mental health concepts and quality of life. Furthermore, there were notable differences among males and females and various economic- and education-level groups concerning psychological resilience and well-being.

Conclusion: Psychological resilience and well-being are essential variables that warrant consideration in future mental health research.

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between different attributes, levels of biomarkers, and the probability of developing cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in patients who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and liver cirrhosis (LC). The hypothesis suggests that liver illness may be linked to renal impairment, cardiac dysfunction, and the development of cardiorenal syndrome METHODS: The current study retrospectively assessed the medical records of patients who had LC and T2DM diagnoses and were hospitalized at Al Madina Al Munwara hospitals in 2022 and 2023.

Results: This research investigated T2DM patients with physician-confirmed to have LC. Poor glycemic control is indicated by high blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) readings in research participants. High blood pressure, atherogenic plasma indicator (AIP), and obesity plagued most of these individuals. High creatinine, moderate estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) decline, and a modest urinary albumin-to-creatinine (UACR) rise were the most prevalent variables in LC and T2DM patients. Cardiorenal syndrome risk factors, including elevated blood pressure, triglyceride levels, body mass index (BMI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations, were identified through logistic regression. It has been demonstrated that the prevalence of these risk factors increases with age; women may be at a greater risk for developing CRS. Specific biomarker evaluations classified 108 (22.6%) LC and T2DM patients at high risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD), 100 (20%) at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 91 (18.2%) at risk for CRS.

Conclusion: The current assessment included 500 patients with T2DM and LC. The risk factors for CRS identified in this study included elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high BMI, and elevated blood pressure, with age being a significant factor, particularly in female patients. Early identification of these characteristics in patients with LC and T2DM could aid in mitigating the progression of chronic illnesses and their associated complications.

Objectives: To describe how people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) make decisions using the diffusion of innovation theory model. Decisions occur when individual decision makers engage in activities that guide choices to adopt or reject a particular innovation.

Methods: This is a descriptive analysis research using a survey method. Data collection was carried out using a decision making questionnaire. The subjects in this research were HIV/AIDS sufferers (PLWHA) who lived in Turen, Indonesia. The number of research subjects was 36 respondents obtained using the purposive sampling technique on January 2023.

Results: The research design used the correlation method with a cross sectional approach and the Spearman correlation coefficient statistical test. The research results show significance (2-tailed) of 0.934 (p>0.05). The correlation coefficient results are negative. Where the direction of the correlation produces showed a very weak relationship with a value of 0.014 and the results of the analysis between variables are not the same. This is because the persuasion stage was not tested in the analysis. Research shows that 8 (22.2%) patients rejected the decision making of PLWHA using the diffusion of innovation theory model at the Western Provident Association Turen Foundation, Turen, Indonesia, while 28 (77.7%) patients accepted it. It can be concluded that the majority of decisions made by HIV/AIDS patients at the ADIS Turen Peduli Warga Foundation are accepted.

Conclusion: Knowledge of HIV/AIDS sufferers is at a good level, their decision making is mostly accepted and there is a meaningful relationship between knowledge and decision making in using a chatbot innovation. The suggestion from the research is that this chatbot innovation can be a source of further research and help provide education for PLWHA patients in everyday life.

Objectives: To evaluate cytokine profiles and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for their diagnostic capabilities in the differentiation of tuberculosis (TB) from non-TB conditions, as well as smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPT) from smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (SPPT).

Methods: A total of 125 participants were included, 77 of whom had TB and 48 who didn't, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, including cytokine levels and IGRA results. The TB patients were further divided into 2 subgroups: SNPT (n=42) and SPPT (n=35).

Results: Compared to non-TB, the TB group had lower BMI, higher WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, ESR and CRP (p<0.05). TB patients showed higher IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-8 (p<0.001) and higher IGRA positivity (88.3% versus [vs.] 29.2%, p<0.001). Between SNPT and SPPT, moderate effect sizes were observed for IFN-α, IL-2, IL-10, IL-8 (Cohen's d 0.59-0.76), with lower IGRA positivity in SNPT (81.0% vs. 97.1%, p=0.015). ROC analysis indicated IFN-α, IL-2, IL-10, IL-8 had moderate accuracy for SNPT diagnosis (AUCs 0.668-0.734), and combining these improved accuracy (AUC 0.759, 80% sensitivity, 64.2% specificity).

Conclusion: A multi-biomarker approach combining these cytokines demonstrates enhanced diagnostic accuracy for tuberculosis.

Objectives: To compare carotid endarterectomy patch angioplasty (p-CEA) with eversion carotid endarterectomy (e-CEA) and associated risks of early cardio-cerebrovascular complications.

Methods: The study was a prospective randomized single-blind trial, monocentric, clinically applicable, descriptive analytical and comparative. From June 2021 to June 2023, 62 consecutive patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic stenosis of the internal carotid artery, admitted to our department and randomized into two groups: carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty and eversion carotid endarterectomy. Follow-up for 30 days after surgery.

Results: During surgery e-CEA, 70% patients had an arrhythmia, and 24 hours after 66.7%, seven days after 46.7% and month after 13.3%. During surgery p-CEA, 33.3% patients had an arrhythmia, 24 hours later 33.3%, 7 days after 13.3% and 30 days after 13.3% patients. Statistically significant difference observed during surgery (Fishers p=0.004). One day after the surgery rate of patients with arrhythmia that were treated e-CEA has decreased, but it was still higher than after p-CEA (Fishers p=0.010).

Conclusion: The frequency and categorization of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias after eversion carotid endarterectomy, the clinical implications of various postoperative heart rhythm disturbances and their long-term effects on patients need to be further investigate through sufficiently powered randomized controlled studies.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of anabolic steroid use and the level of knowledge on anabolic steroids among the male athletes in Al Madina Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on male athletes randomly selected from the private athletic centers in Al Madina Al Munawara over 5 months. Data were collected from all participants using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire with 33 questions. The questionnaire covered the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, and their knowledge, attitudes, and use of anabolic steroids.

Results: Of the 150 male athletes surveyed, 121 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 80.6%). Over half were aged between 18 and 23 years (56.2%) and were single (79.3%). Thirty-two percent reported using anabolic steroids, mainly to increase muscle mass, following coaches' advice (46.1%). Key sources included the internet (30.7%), coaches (30%), and friends (27.9%), and non-healthcare professionals. The top motivations were price, coach's/physician's advice, and availability. The perceived benefits included increased muscle mass, strength, and endurance, while the perceived adverse effects included kidney/liver damage and sexual problems.

Conclusion: One-third of the male athletes surveyed used anabolic steroids, influenced by accessibility and social contact, rather than healthcare guidance. This highlights the need for greater awareness of the long-term health risks, ideally through education provided by sports medicine specialists.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of post tonsillectomy bleeding and to identify its predisposing factors among the pediatric population.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study included 1280 pediatric patients (18 years or younger) who underwent tonsillectomy at King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2019 and 2020. The study sample was divided into 2 groups based on the development of postoperative bleeding and were compared using Chi-square test and independent t-test. Significant variables (p-value ≤0.05) were included in the logistic regression model to determine the predictors of bleeding following tonsillectomy.

Results: The bleeding rate following tonsillectomy was 3.4% in 43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-4.5) patients. In the multivariable logistic regression model, the significant predictors of post tonsillectomy bleeding were age ≥12 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.685, p=0.027), decreased postoperative oral intake (OR: 4.244, p=0.042), and single use of postoperative analgesia (OR: 53.124, p<0.001). Out of the 43 patients, 39 (90.7%) patients experienced secondary bleeding, and more than half of the patients who developed bleeding required surgical intervention 27 (62.8%).

Conclusion: Tonsillectomy is a safe and common surgical procedure but carries risks for postoperative bleeding. Age ≥12 years, poor postoperative oral intake, and the use of a single postoperative analgesic increase the risk of bleeding. We encourage healthcare providers to ascertain early resumption of oral intake and ensure effective pain management. We recommend a dual alternating analgesic regimen with weight-based dosing for optimal pain control. Furthermore, educating caregivers about the importance of adequate oral intake following tonsillectomy may improve patient outcomes.