Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240524
Hussain M Alhiwaishil, Mohammed A Alghareeb, Ammar S Alkhars, Taha H Abdalla, Abdulhadi A Almohsen, Abbas Al Mutair
Objectives: To investigate the rate of hospitalized neonates with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency presented with indirect hyperbilirubinemia at a private tertiary center in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, over 4 years and to compare the characteristics of G6PD-deficient and normal neonates admitted for indirect hyperbilirubinemia.
Methods: The retrospective case control study was carried out at Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from Yassasi Medical System from 2018-2021 and finalized in 2024. The study included 2 groups: G6PD-normal and G6PD-deficient neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia not having recognizable triggers of hemolysis. The analysis focused on serum bilirubin levels, direct bilirubin levels, hematocrit levels, hemoglobin levels, reticulocyte percentage, G6PD levels, duration of phototherapy, and the need for exchange transfusion.
Results: The study enrolled 3200 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, of whom 274 met inclusion criteria. A total of 103 (37.6%) neonates were G6PD-deficient, with 77 (74.8%) being male and 26 (25.2%) female. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient neonates exhibited significantly higher initial total bilirubin levels and earlier sampling times. There was no significant correlation between G6PD deficiency and hematocrit or hemoglobin levels in hyperbilirubinemic neonates, but 4 neonates required exchange transfusion, demonstrating statistical significance (p=0.009).
Conclusion: High rate of G6PD deficiency in neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia, requiring close monitoring to prevent exchange transfusions, with no significant differences in hematocrit or hemoglobin levels.
{"title":"Rate of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia at a private tertiary centre.","authors":"Hussain M Alhiwaishil, Mohammed A Alghareeb, Ammar S Alkhars, Taha H Abdalla, Abdulhadi A Almohsen, Abbas Al Mutair","doi":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240524","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the rate of hospitalized neonates with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency presented with indirect hyperbilirubinemia at a private tertiary center in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, over 4 years and to compare the characteristics of G6PD-deficient and normal neonates admitted for indirect hyperbilirubinemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective case control study was carried out at Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from Yassasi Medical System from 2018-2021 and finalized in 2024. The study included 2 groups: G6PD-normal and G6PD-deficient neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia not having recognizable triggers of hemolysis. The analysis focused on serum bilirubin levels, direct bilirubin levels, hematocrit levels, hemoglobin levels, reticulocyte percentage, G6PD levels, duration of phototherapy, and the need for exchange transfusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 3200 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, of whom 274 met inclusion criteria. A total of 103 (37.6%) neonates were G6PD-deficient, with 77 (74.8%) being male and 26 (25.2%) female. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient neonates exhibited significantly higher initial total bilirubin levels and earlier sampling times. There was no significant correlation between G6PD deficiency and hematocrit or hemoglobin levels in hyperbilirubinemic neonates, but 4 neonates required exchange transfusion, demonstrating statistical significance (<i>p</i>=0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High rate of G6PD deficiency in neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia, requiring close monitoring to prevent exchange transfusions, with no significant differences in hematocrit or hemoglobin levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fourteen African countries, key partners unite to provide critical resources for health in WHO's first-ever investment round.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global strategic preparedness and response plan launched by WHO to contain mpox outbreak.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240330
Alhomidi Almotiri
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive leukemic malignancy that affects myeloid lineage progenitors. Relapsed or refractory AML patients continue to have poor prognoses, necessitating the development of novel therapy alternatives. Adoptive T-cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an intriguing possibility in the field of leukemia treatment. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy is now being tested in clinical trials (mostly in phase I and phase II) using AML targets including CD33, CD123, and CLL-1. Preliminary data showed promising results. However, due to the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of AML and the co-expression of some AML targets on hematopoietic stem cells, these clinical investigations have shown substantial "on-target off-tumor" toxicities, indicating that more research is required. In this review, the latest significant breakthroughs in AML CAR T cell therapy are presented. Furthermore, the limitations of CAR T-cell technology and future directions to overcome these challenges are discussed.
急性髓性白血病(AML)是一种侵袭性白血病恶性肿瘤,会影响髓系祖细胞。复发或难治性急性髓细胞白血病患者的预后仍然很差,因此有必要开发新的替代疗法。在白血病治疗领域,采用嵌合抗原受体(CAR)的适应性 T 细胞疗法是一种令人感兴趣的可能性。目前,嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞疗法正在进行临床试验(主要在 I 期和 II 期),使用的急性髓细胞白血病靶点包括 CD33、CD123 和 CLL-1。初步数据显示效果良好。然而,由于急性髓细胞性白血病的细胞和分子异质性,以及一些急性髓细胞性白血病靶点在造血干细胞上的共表达,这些临床研究显示了大量的 "靶点外 "毒性,表明还需要更多的研究。本综述介绍了急性髓细胞性白血病 CAR T 细胞疗法的最新重大突破。此外,还讨论了CAR T细胞技术的局限性以及克服这些挑战的未来方向。
{"title":"CAR T-cell therapy in acute myeloid leukemia.","authors":"Alhomidi Almotiri","doi":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240330","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive leukemic malignancy that affects myeloid lineage progenitors. Relapsed or refractory AML patients continue to have poor prognoses, necessitating the development of novel therapy alternatives. Adoptive T-cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an intriguing possibility in the field of leukemia treatment. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy is now being tested in clinical trials (mostly in phase I and phase II) using AML targets including CD33, CD123, and CLL-1. Preliminary data showed promising results. However, due to the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of AML and the co-expression of some AML targets on hematopoietic stem cells, these clinical investigations have shown substantial \"on-target off-tumor\" toxicities, indicating that more research is required. In this review, the latest significant breakthroughs in AML CAR T cell therapy are presented. Furthermore, the limitations of CAR T-cell technology and future directions to overcome these challenges are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240329
Ayman H Shaamash, Mehad H AlQasem, Ahmed A Mahfouz, Deama S Al Ghamdi, Norah I Almanie, Mamdoh A Eskandar
Objectives: To investigate the rates and odds ratios (ORs) of early maternal complications among patients with major placenta previa (PP) who have undergone high-order repeat cesarean deliveries (HOR-CDs) in comparison to those with low-order repeat cesarean deliveries (LOR-CDs).
Methods: We carried out a retrospective review of all major PP patients (n=184) who delivered through second or subsequent repeat CDs, from January 2012 to December 2021 (Abha Maternity and Children's Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia). The patients were categorized into 2 groups: the LOR-CDs group (n=100), comprising individuals with their second and third CDs (CD2-CD3) and the HOR-CDs group (n=84), consisting of those undergoing their fourth to seventh CDs (CD4-CD7).
Results: In comparison to the LOR-CDs, the HOR-CDs group with major PP exhibited significantly higher rates and ORs of early maternal complications, including MRI-diagnosed placenta accreta spectrum (PAS, OR=2.67), transfusions of packed red blood cells (OR=2.71), moderate to severe intra-operative bleeding (OR=1.80), emergency hysterectomy (OR=2.96), urological injuries (OR=3.17), and length of post-operative hospital stay (OR=3.91). The major PP subgroup undergoing CD6-CD7 showed the highest rates and ORs for PAS diagnosis at 84.6% (OR=3.98) and emergency hysterectomy at 28.6% (OR=4.04).
Conclusion: Among patients with major PP, undergoing more than 3 CDs is associated with a notable increase in both the rates and ORs of various early maternal complications. This trend of increasing many complications correlates directly with an ascending number of CDs.
{"title":"Impact of high-order repeat cesarean deliveries on early maternal complications among major placenta previa patients in Southern Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Ayman H Shaamash, Mehad H AlQasem, Ahmed A Mahfouz, Deama S Al Ghamdi, Norah I Almanie, Mamdoh A Eskandar","doi":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240329","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the rates and odds ratios (ORs) of early maternal complications among patients with major placenta previa (PP) who have undergone high-order repeat cesarean deliveries (HOR-CDs) in comparison to those with low-order repeat cesarean deliveries (LOR-CDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out a retrospective review of all major PP patients (n=184) who delivered through second or subsequent repeat CDs, from January 2012 to December 2021 (Abha Maternity and Children's Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia). The patients were categorized into 2 groups: the LOR-CDs group (n=100), comprising individuals with their second and third CDs (CD2-CD3) and the HOR-CDs group (n=84), consisting of those undergoing their fourth to seventh CDs (CD4-CD7).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison to the LOR-CDs, the HOR-CDs group with major PP exhibited significantly higher rates and ORs of early maternal complications, including MRI-diagnosed placenta accreta spectrum (PAS, OR=2.67), transfusions of packed red blood cells (OR=2.71), moderate to severe intra-operative bleeding (OR=1.80), emergency hysterectomy (OR=2.96), urological injuries (OR=3.17), and length of post-operative hospital stay (OR=3.91). The major PP subgroup undergoing CD6-CD7 showed the highest rates and ORs for PAS diagnosis at 84.6% (OR=3.98) and emergency hysterectomy at 28.6% (OR=4.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among patients with major PP, undergoing more than 3 CDs is associated with a notable increase in both the rates and ORs of various early maternal complications. This trend of increasing many complications correlates directly with an ascending number of CDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240308
Jamil M Obaid, Sultan A Saghir, Amir M Al-Hroob, Shaima A Mohammed, Ola'a A Melhi, Ashgan A Alhomamy, Elham A Al-Qodaimi
Objectives: To ascertain the prevalence of ABH antigen secretors and non-secretors among Yemenis. In addition to explore the factors that may affect the expression of the secretion phenotype.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between May and September 2022 on 215 healthy Yemeni individuals at the International Malaysian University, Ibb, Yemen. The participants were tested for blood group antigen on their blood samples using standard test tube method using the suitable ABH antisera. Saliva was collected and tested for secretion using hemagglutination inhibition test with suitable A, B, and H antisera. Before collecting the blood samples, informed consent was obtained from each participant and complete data and history questionnaire were collected by the research team.
Results: In general, 78.1% of Yemini participants were found to be secretor (80% men and 73.3% females). This percentage increased within O blood group (95%) and decreased within AB blood group (54%) individuals. Both O and AB blood groups showed statistically significant association with secretor trait. Also, it was noticed that age advance increases the expression of Se gene. In addition, the secretor state increased among Rh-negative people.
Conclusion: The frequency of ABH secretors was 78.1% among Ibb province population in Yemen. Blood group O revealed the greatest frequency (95%), whereas blood group AB showed the lowest secretor frequency (54%). The secretor phenotype was highly expressed gradually with advance age then decline.
目的确定也门人中 ABH 抗原分泌者和非分泌者的比例。此外,还探讨可能影响分泌表型表达的因素:这项横断面研究于 2022 年 5 月至 9 月期间在也门伊卜的马来西亚国际大学对 215 名健康的也门人进行。采用标准试管法,使用合适的 ABH 抗原对参与者的血液样本进行血型抗原检测。采集唾液后,使用合适的 A、B 和 H 抗原通过血凝抑制试验检测唾液分泌物。在采集血液样本前,研究小组征得了每位受试者的知情同意,并收集了完整的数据和病史问卷:总体而言,78.1% 的耶米尼参与者为分泌型(男性占 80%,女性占 73.3%)。这一比例在 O 型血人群中有所上升(95%),在 AB 型血人群中有所下降(54%)。从统计学角度看,O 型血和 AB 型血都与分泌物特质有显著关联。同时还发现,年龄的增长会增加 Se 基因的表达。此外,Rh 阴性人群中分泌物增多:也门伊卜省人口中 ABH 分泌者的频率为 78.1%。血型 O 的分泌者频率最高(95%),而血型 AB 的分泌者频率最低(54%)。随着年龄的增长,分泌物的表型逐渐增多,然后逐渐减少。
{"title":"Increased expression of ABO blood group antigens secretion phenotype with O blood group and age advances.","authors":"Jamil M Obaid, Sultan A Saghir, Amir M Al-Hroob, Shaima A Mohammed, Ola'a A Melhi, Ashgan A Alhomamy, Elham A Al-Qodaimi","doi":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240308","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To ascertain the prevalence of ABH antigen secretors and non-secretors among Yemenis. In addition to explore the factors that may affect the expression of the secretion phenotype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was carried out between May and September 2022 on 215 healthy Yemeni individuals at the International Malaysian University, Ibb, Yemen. The participants were tested for blood group antigen on their blood samples using standard test tube method using the suitable ABH antisera. Saliva was collected and tested for secretion using hemagglutination inhibition test with suitable A, B, and H antisera. Before collecting the blood samples, informed consent was obtained from each participant and complete data and history questionnaire were collected by the research team.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, 78.1% of Yemini participants were found to be secretor (80% men and 73.3% females). This percentage increased within O blood group (95%) and decreased within AB blood group (54%) individuals. Both O and AB blood groups showed statistically significant association with secretor trait. Also, it was noticed that age advance increases the expression of <i>Se</i> gene. In addition, the secretor state increased among Rh-negative people.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The frequency of ABH secretors was 78.1% among Ibb province population in Yemen. Blood group O revealed the greatest frequency (95%), whereas blood group AB showed the lowest secretor frequency (54%). The secretor phenotype was highly expressed gradually with advance age then decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240393
Rehab Badawi, Naglaa Samy Fahmy Abou Taira, Sara Essam Hasby, Walaa Elkhalawany, Waleed Elrefaey, Nahla Ahmed Khalf, Hanaa Ibrahim Okda
Objectives: To examine the relation between liver fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) patients and its risk factors.
Methods: The current study was carried out at Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt, from May 2021 to January 2023 and included 84 MAFLD patients with CKD and 80 MAFLD patients without CKD. All participants had been examined by abdominal ultrasonography and transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter.
Results: Chronic kidney disease patients exhibited a greater incidence of fibrosis compared to patients without CKD (75.6% vs. 24.4%). Logistic analysis demonstrated that the presence of multiple health conditions, such as MAFLD, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, were individually linked to CKD. Gender and body mass index were not independent factors related to CKD. Additionally, factors such as age, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and viral hepatitis, apart from MAFLD comorbidities, were independently linked to CKD.
Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease may represent a potential risk influence for liver fibrosis development in MAFLD patients.
{"title":"The association of liver fibrosis and chronic kidney disease in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Rehab Badawi, Naglaa Samy Fahmy Abou Taira, Sara Essam Hasby, Walaa Elkhalawany, Waleed Elrefaey, Nahla Ahmed Khalf, Hanaa Ibrahim Okda","doi":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240393","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the relation between liver fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) patients and its risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study was carried out at Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt, from May 2021 to January 2023 and included 84 MAFLD patients with CKD and 80 MAFLD patients without CKD. All participants had been examined by abdominal ultrasonography and transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chronic kidney disease patients exhibited a greater incidence of fibrosis compared to patients without CKD (75.6% vs. 24.4%). Logistic analysis demonstrated that the presence of multiple health conditions, such as MAFLD, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, were individually linked to CKD. Gender and body mass index were not independent factors related to CKD. Additionally, factors such as age, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and viral hepatitis, apart from MAFLD comorbidities, were independently linked to CKD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic kidney disease may represent a potential risk influence for liver fibrosis development in MAFLD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.8.20240170
Yinyi Chen, Kexin Han, Yanzhao Liu, Qunxia Wang, Yang Wu, Simei Chen, Jianlin Yu, Yi Luo, Liming Tan
Objectives: To identify potential diagnostic markers for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and investigate the correlation with immune cell infiltration.
Methods: GSE149507 and GSE6044 were used as the training group, while GSE108055 served as validation group A and GSE73160 served as validation group B. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analyzed for functional enrichment. Machine learning (ML) was used to identify candidate diagnostic genes for SCLC. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was applied to assess diagnostic efficacy. Immune cell infiltration analyses were carried out.
Results: There were 181 DEGs identified. The gene ontology analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in 455 functional annotations, some of which were associated with immunity. The kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis revealed that there were 9 signaling pathways enriched. The disease ontology analysis indicated that DEGs were related to 116 diseases. The gene set enrichment analysis results displayed multiple items closely related to immunity. ZWINT and NRCAM were screened using ML and further validated as diagnostic genes. Significant differences were observed in SCLC with normal lung tissue samples among immune cell infiltration characteristics. Strong associations were found between the diagnostic genes and immune cell infiltration.
Conclusion: This study identified 2 diagnostic genes, ZWINT and NRCAM, that were related to immune cell infiltration by integrating bioinformatics analysis and ML algorithms. These genes could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and provide possible molecular targets for immunotherapy in SCLC.
{"title":"Identification of effective diagnostic genes and immune cell infiltration characteristics in small cell lung cancer by integrating bioinformatics analysis and machine learning algorithms.","authors":"Yinyi Chen, Kexin Han, Yanzhao Liu, Qunxia Wang, Yang Wu, Simei Chen, Jianlin Yu, Yi Luo, Liming Tan","doi":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.8.20240170","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.8.20240170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify potential diagnostic markers for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and investigate the correlation with immune cell infiltration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>GSE149507 and GSE6044 were used as the training group, while GSE108055 served as validation group A and GSE73160 served as validation group B. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analyzed for functional enrichment. Machine learning (ML) was used to identify candidate diagnostic genes for SCLC. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was applied to assess diagnostic efficacy. Immune cell infiltration analyses were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 181 DEGs identified. The gene ontology analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in 455 functional annotations, some of which were associated with immunity. The kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis revealed that there were 9 signaling pathways enriched. The disease ontology analysis indicated that DEGs were related to 116 diseases. The gene set enrichment analysis results displayed multiple items closely related to immunity. <i>ZWINT</i> and <i>NRCAM</i> were screened using ML and further validated as diagnostic genes. Significant differences were observed in SCLC with normal lung tissue samples among immune cell infiltration characteristics. Strong associations were found between the diagnostic genes and immune cell infiltration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified 2 diagnostic genes, <i>ZWINT</i> and <i>NRCAM</i>, that were related to immune cell infiltration by integrating bioinformatics analysis and ML algorithms. These genes could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and provide possible molecular targets for immunotherapy in SCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11288485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.8.20231003
Aljoharah A Al Saud, Muneerah R AlRomaizan, Muath A Alkhunizan
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder marked by low platelet counts that puts patients at risk for spontaneous bleeding. A rare trigger for ITP is iron repletion, which has only been reported in a few cases. In this article, we present a unique case of a 54-year-old male with a history of recurrent ITP who experienced rapid thrombocytopenia following iron repletion with ferrous gluconate. Discontinuation of ferrous medications resulted in platelet counts returning to the normal baseline. Following more than 30 years of the patient's clinical timeline, this case demonstrates the chronic nature of ITP and the complexity of its causes. Further studies are needed to determine the prevalence of iron repletion-induced thrombocytopenia and its underlying mechanisms.
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Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.9.20240354
Siham O Al-Mehmadi, Abdulrahman T Halawani, Mrnan T Sulaimani, Tamim O Al-Mehmadi
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of electronic device usage and its association with mental health status among preschool children aged 3-6 years.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool children aged 3-6 years in kindergartens in Makkah city in 2023-2024, using an electronic questionnaire. An Arabic version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess mental health.
Results: We recruited a total of 399 children. The prevalence of electronic device usage was 91.5%. The number of hours spent using electronic devices ranged from 0 to 12 hour (h)/day, with a mean of 3.1 h/day. We found a significant positive correlation between the number of hours spent using electronic devices and emotional problems (r=0.200, p<0.001), conduct problems (r=0.149, p=0.003), hyperactivity (r=0.279, p<0.001), peer problems (r=0.104, p=0.038), and total difficulty scores (r=0.263, p<0.001). We also found a significant negative correlation between the number of hours spent using electronic devices and the prosocial score (r= -0.128, p=0.011), and most of the included children had scores within the "close to average" category across all scales of mental health status.
Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of electronic device usage among preschool children, which exceeded the recommended time limit. A significant correlation was observed between electronic device use and mental health scores. Further longitudinal studies are required to understand the nature of this association and its implications for child development.
{"title":"Electronic device usage among preschool children and its association with mental health status in Saudi Arabian kindergartens.","authors":"Siham O Al-Mehmadi, Abdulrahman T Halawani, Mrnan T Sulaimani, Tamim O Al-Mehmadi","doi":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.9.20240354","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2024.45.9.20240354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of electronic device usage and its association with mental health status among preschool children aged 3-6 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool children aged 3-6 years in kindergartens in Makkah city in 2023-2024, using an electronic questionnaire. An Arabic version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited a total of 399 children. The prevalence of electronic device usage was 91.5%. The number of hours spent using electronic devices ranged from 0 to 12 hour (h)/day, with a mean of 3.1 h/day. We found a significant positive correlation between the number of hours spent using electronic devices and emotional problems (r=0.200, <i>p</i><0.001), conduct problems (r=0.149, <i>p</i>=0.003), hyperactivity (r=0.279, <i>p</i><0.001), peer problems (r=0.104, <i>p</i>=0.038), and total difficulty scores (r=0.263, <i>p</i><0.001). We also found a significant negative correlation between the number of hours spent using electronic devices and the prosocial score (r= -0.128, <i>p</i>=0.011), and most of the included children had scores within the \"close to average\" category across all scales of mental health status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a high prevalence of electronic device usage among preschool children, which exceeded the recommended time limit. A significant correlation was observed between electronic device use and mental health scores. Further longitudinal studies are required to understand the nature of this association and its implications for child development.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11376694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}