Purpose of This paper: Two simple, precise, rapid, sensitive and accurate simultaneous estimation by UV spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for niacin (NCN) and atorvastatin calcium (ATR) in pure and tablet dosage form using methanol: water (40:60 v/v)mixture as solvent. Design and methodology: Two methods were developed, Method 1: was based on the simultaneous equation (Veroirdt's) method where as Method 2:was based on Q-analysis method. Findings: The absorption maxima were found to be 262 nm and 246 nm for niacin and atorvastatin calcium respectively. Both the drugs showed isosbestic point at 250 nm. Beer’s range was in the concentration range of 10-50 μg/ml for niacin and 4-20 μg/ml for atorvastatin calcium with correlation coefficient within the range of 0.9974 – 0.9998 for both the drugs. Recovery studies were performed to assess the accuracy of the methods, the results were found to be between 99.39 ± 0.7614 and 100.63 ± 0.3876 for niacin; 97. 71 ± 0.3131 and 99.06 ± 0.5625 for atorvastatin calcium. Research implications/limitations: The above two methods has been validated according to ICH guidelines. Practical implications: Hence the above methods can be used for routine analysis of NCN and ATR in pharmaceutical industries and research institutions.
{"title":"Simultaneous Estimation and Validation of Niacin and Atorvastatin Calcium by UV-Spectroscopy in Pure and Tablet Dosage Form Using Methanol: Water Mixture as Solvent","authors":"M. Ranganath, R. Chowdary","doi":"10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of This paper: Two simple, precise, rapid, sensitive and accurate simultaneous estimation by UV spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for niacin (NCN) and atorvastatin calcium (ATR) in pure and tablet dosage form using methanol: water (40:60 v/v)mixture as solvent. Design and methodology: Two methods were developed, Method 1: was based on the simultaneous equation (Veroirdt's) method where as Method 2:was based on Q-analysis method. Findings: The absorption maxima were found to be 262 nm and 246 nm for niacin and atorvastatin calcium respectively. Both the drugs showed isosbestic point at 250 nm. Beer’s range was in the concentration range of 10-50 μg/ml for niacin and 4-20 μg/ml for atorvastatin calcium with correlation coefficient within the range of 0.9974 – 0.9998 for both the drugs. Recovery studies were performed to assess the accuracy of the methods, the results were found to be between 99.39 ± 0.7614 and 100.63 ± 0.3876 for niacin; 97. 71 ± 0.3131 and 99.06 ± 0.5625 for atorvastatin calcium. Research implications/limitations: The above two methods has been validated according to ICH guidelines. Practical implications: Hence the above methods can be used for routine analysis of NCN and ATR in pharmaceutical industries and research institutions.","PeriodicalId":21459,"journal":{"name":"RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73190990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To unveil more information about efficacy, safety and side effects of an approved new drug it is essential that all patients who are treated with such a drug are compulsorily supervised and monitored by prescribing physicians, dispensing pharmacists and nurses and duly documented for all major and minor events during the course of therapy to correlate real time safety and efficacy with clinical trial data, collected up to phase III. Mere dependence on spontaneous reporting is insufficient, because it suffers from the vice of poor-quality reports and underreporting. Moreover, it is difficult to estimate rates and frequencies of ADRs, on this basis. Drug’s effect on specific demographics should be specifically studied and documented to obtain real time data on safety and efficacy. Pregnant & lactating women and specially those taking other medications along with the new drug need to be studied as special populations to identify effects on the fetus, infants and interaction between the drugs. As a result of extensive treatment on large population, long-term and unique/rare events/effects may be identified, which may be instrumental in ensuring safety and efficacy of therapy. This also assists in finding new markets, new indications and product extension. Thus the research fields like post marketing surveillance (PMS) and Phase IV studies have vast opportunity and practice based research must focus on this. INTRODUCTION
{"title":"Drug efficacy and safety research frontiers: soul of pharmaceutical care","authors":"R. Thakur","doi":"10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"To unveil more information about efficacy, safety and side effects of an approved new drug it is essential that all patients who are treated with such a drug are compulsorily supervised and monitored by prescribing physicians, dispensing pharmacists and nurses and duly documented for all major and minor events during the course of therapy to correlate real time safety and efficacy with clinical trial data, collected up to phase III. Mere dependence on spontaneous reporting is insufficient, because it suffers from the vice of poor-quality reports and underreporting. Moreover, it is difficult to estimate rates and frequencies of ADRs, on this basis. Drug’s effect on specific demographics should be specifically studied and documented to obtain real time data on safety and efficacy. Pregnant & lactating women and specially those taking other medications along with the new drug need to be studied as special populations to identify effects on the fetus, infants and interaction between the drugs. As a result of extensive treatment on large population, long-term and unique/rare events/effects may be identified, which may be instrumental in ensuring safety and efficacy of therapy. This also assists in finding new markets, new indications and product extension. Thus the research fields like post marketing surveillance (PMS) and Phase IV studies have vast opportunity and practice based research must focus on this. INTRODUCTION","PeriodicalId":21459,"journal":{"name":"RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"36-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90621436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Katagi, Jennifer Fernandes, D. Satyanarayana, Girish Bolakatti, Shivalingrao NagabhushanMamle
Organophosphate (OP) compounds exert inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by irreversibly binding to catalytic site of an enzyme. Despite continued efforts to discover improved reactivators, there has been little success towards innovation of AChE reactivators. In the present investigation, new series of 2-quinolone fused thiazole derivatives 3a-3f and 4a-4f were evaluated for their in vitro reactivation efficacy against chlorpyrifos inhibited AChE using 2-PAM as standard. Even though the non oxime derivatives were not as effective as pralidoxime (2-PAM), but exhibited considerable AChE reactivation. The compounds, 3b, 3c, 3f, and 4f, showed promising reactivation against chlorpyrifos inhibited AChE.
{"title":"In vitro Reactivation of Chlorpyrifos-inhibited Rat Brain Acetylcholinesterase from 2-Quinolone Substituted Thiazole derivatives","authors":"M. Katagi, Jennifer Fernandes, D. Satyanarayana, Girish Bolakatti, Shivalingrao NagabhushanMamle","doi":"10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Organophosphate (OP) compounds exert inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by irreversibly binding to catalytic site of an enzyme. Despite continued efforts to discover improved reactivators, there has been little success towards innovation of AChE reactivators. In the present investigation, new series of 2-quinolone fused thiazole derivatives 3a-3f and 4a-4f were evaluated for their in vitro reactivation efficacy against chlorpyrifos inhibited AChE using 2-PAM as standard. Even though the non oxime derivatives were not as effective as pralidoxime (2-PAM), but exhibited considerable AChE reactivation. The compounds, 3b, 3c, 3f, and 4f, showed promising reactivation against chlorpyrifos inhibited AChE.","PeriodicalId":21459,"journal":{"name":"RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75106646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present a recent update on the various uses of the indigenous plant Azadirachta indica, and to highlight its importance in various therapeutic fields in traditional as well as modern system of medicine. Design/methodology/approach: The literature review of the plant has been presented covering all the fields of research where this plant has been exploited so far. Findings: The plant possesses powerful antidermatonic and anthelmintic, insect repellent, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and strengthens the body’s overall immune responses. It is widely used in treating chronic malaria, bed bugs ulcer, bad teeth, syphilis, leprosy, spermicidal in preventing pregnancies and other diseases. Externally it’s the oil applied as an antiseptic for urticaria and chronic skin diseases like eczema, scabies, ring worm and maggot infested wounds. It is also used for killing lice, fleas, ticks insecticide and bacterial growth in mouth. Research limitations/implications: This tree’s beneficial values have been known for 4000 years is described by the native as the village pharmacy due to its wide spectrum of medicinal qualities. Practical implications: Over 65 patents have been derived from its various uses, which clearly indicates its practical utility in our daily lives. Social Implications: It has been traditionally used by families for curing household ailments, spermicidal in preventing pregnancies. Originality/value: The paper is an overview of various researches being carried out on the Neem.
{"title":"Azadirachta indica: A Plant With Versatile Potential","authors":"S. Dubey, P. Kashyap","doi":"10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present a recent update on the various uses of the indigenous plant Azadirachta indica, and to highlight its importance in various therapeutic fields in traditional as well as modern system of medicine. Design/methodology/approach: The literature review of the plant has been presented covering all the fields of research where this plant has been exploited so far. Findings: The plant possesses powerful antidermatonic and anthelmintic, insect repellent, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and strengthens the body’s overall immune responses. It is widely used in treating chronic malaria, bed bugs ulcer, bad teeth, syphilis, leprosy, spermicidal in preventing pregnancies and other diseases. Externally it’s the oil applied as an antiseptic for urticaria and chronic skin diseases like eczema, scabies, ring worm and maggot infested wounds. It is also used for killing lice, fleas, ticks insecticide and bacterial growth in mouth. Research limitations/implications: This tree’s beneficial values have been known for 4000 years is described by the native as the village pharmacy due to its wide spectrum of medicinal qualities. Practical implications: Over 65 patents have been derived from its various uses, which clearly indicates its practical utility in our daily lives. Social Implications: It has been traditionally used by families for curing household ailments, spermicidal in preventing pregnancies. Originality/value: The paper is an overview of various researches being carried out on the Neem.","PeriodicalId":21459,"journal":{"name":"RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2021 1","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87861842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Loratadine is an oral H 1 antihistaminic drug which exhibits poor water solubility and very low dissolution rate. Objectives: An attempt was made in the current research study to prepare loratadine as ophthalmic gels for the treatment of ocular allergic conjunctivitis. Method: Loratadine ophthalmic gels were prepared using different polymers in various proportions and combinations. The solubility study, partition coefficient, drug content, viscosity and pH of the prepared formulations as well as the release characteristics of the drug in phosphate buffer solution having pH 7.4 were measured and its release kinetics was analyzed. Results: The solubility of loratadine increased linearly as a function of b-cyclodextrin (b-CyD) concentration. Gels containing loratadine-b-CyD complex had lower viscosity relative to gels containing free drug only. The pH values of the prepared gel formulations were within the acceptable range. Loratadine released from gel formulations containing its complex in a percentage higher than that released from gel formulations containing free drug only. This indicates a higher solubilizing effect of b-CyD. Conclusion: The obtained results encouraged a further In vivo study to investigate the efficacy of loratadine in these gel formulations for the treatment of ocular allergic conjunctivitis.
{"title":"Formulation and In vitro Evaluation of Loratadine Gels for Ophthalmic Use","authors":"A. El-Gawad, O. Soliman, M. Shams, D. Maria","doi":"10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Loratadine is an oral H 1 antihistaminic drug which exhibits poor water solubility and very low dissolution rate. Objectives: An attempt was made in the current research study to prepare loratadine as ophthalmic gels for the treatment of ocular allergic conjunctivitis. Method: Loratadine ophthalmic gels were prepared using different polymers in various proportions and combinations. The solubility study, partition coefficient, drug content, viscosity and pH of the prepared formulations as well as the release characteristics of the drug in phosphate buffer solution having pH 7.4 were measured and its release kinetics was analyzed. Results: The solubility of loratadine increased linearly as a function of b-cyclodextrin (b-CyD) concentration. Gels containing loratadine-b-CyD complex had lower viscosity relative to gels containing free drug only. The pH values of the prepared gel formulations were within the acceptable range. Loratadine released from gel formulations containing its complex in a percentage higher than that released from gel formulations containing free drug only. This indicates a higher solubilizing effect of b-CyD. Conclusion: The obtained results encouraged a further In vivo study to investigate the efficacy of loratadine in these gel formulations for the treatment of ocular allergic conjunctivitis.","PeriodicalId":21459,"journal":{"name":"RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86921321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of this paper: Liposomes have received a lot of attention during the past 30 years as pharmaceutical carriers of great potential. More recently, many developments have been seen in the area of liposomal drugs-from clinically approved products to new experimental applications. For further successful development of this field, promising trends must be identified and exploited, with a clear understanding of the limitations of these approaches. Design/methodology/approach: This review presents a panoramic view of current status of research in this field to serve as a ready reference for future researchers. Practical implications: The treasure of information provided in this review find wide utility by future researchers and will serve as basis for further improvement in methodology and design of better formulations as well as evaluation methods. What is original/value of paper: In this article, basic characteristics, method of preparation and marketed formulations of liposomes are discussed. The success of liposomes as drug carriers has been reflected in a number of liposome based formulations, which are commercially available, or are currently undergoing clinical trials.
{"title":"Liposomal Drug Delivery System-A Review","authors":"Deepthi, K. An","doi":"10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/RJPS.2014.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of this paper: Liposomes have received a lot of attention during the past 30 years as pharmaceutical carriers of great potential. More recently, many developments have been seen in the area of liposomal drugs-from clinically approved products to new experimental applications. For further successful development of this field, promising trends must be identified and exploited, with a clear understanding of the limitations of these approaches. Design/methodology/approach: This review presents a panoramic view of current status of research in this field to serve as a ready reference for future researchers. Practical implications: The treasure of information provided in this review find wide utility by future researchers and will serve as basis for further improvement in methodology and design of better formulations as well as evaluation methods. What is original/value of paper: In this article, basic characteristics, method of preparation and marketed formulations of liposomes are discussed. The success of liposomes as drug carriers has been reflected in a number of liposome based formulations, which are commercially available, or are currently undergoing clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":21459,"journal":{"name":"RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81836252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sreenivasa Rao, Patil Kg, Dattatreya B. Udgirkar, P. Patil, K. V. Biradar
The demand for Orodispersible tablet (ODT) has been growing during the last decade. Sumatriptan Succinate used in the treatment of migraine and cluster headache. Sumatriptan Succinate is a 5-HT 1 receptor agonist, undergo extensive fi rst pass metabolism with an oral bioavailability of 14%. In present work an attempt has been made to prepare Orodispersible tablets of Sumatriptan Succinate with increased rate of dissolution May leads to increase bioavailability by using sodium starch glycolate, Crosscarmellose sodium and Crospovidone as Superdisintegrants by direct compression methods. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various parameters like hardness, friability, average weight, thickness, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time, water absorption ratio, uniformity of drug content, in vitro dissolution study, drug-polymer interaction, in vitro drug release, IR studies and short term stability and compatibility studies. Superdisintegrant of Croscarmellose sodium containing Sumatriptan Succinate compressed tablets showed highest in vitro drug release of 93% within 30 min. and there is no variation in the position of characteristic absorption bands it reveals that there is no interaction between drug and polymer.
{"title":"Design and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablets of Sumatriptan Succinate","authors":"Sreenivasa Rao, Patil Kg, Dattatreya B. Udgirkar, P. Patil, K. V. Biradar","doi":"10.5530/RJPS.2012.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/RJPS.2012.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for Orodispersible tablet (ODT) has been growing during the last decade. Sumatriptan Succinate used in the treatment of migraine and cluster headache. Sumatriptan Succinate is a 5-HT 1 receptor agonist, undergo extensive fi rst pass metabolism with an oral bioavailability of 14%. In present work an attempt has been made to prepare Orodispersible tablets of Sumatriptan Succinate with increased rate of dissolution May leads to increase bioavailability by using sodium starch glycolate, Crosscarmellose sodium and Crospovidone as Superdisintegrants by direct compression methods. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various parameters like hardness, friability, average weight, thickness, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time, water absorption ratio, uniformity of drug content, in vitro dissolution study, drug-polymer interaction, in vitro drug release, IR studies and short term stability and compatibility studies. Superdisintegrant of Croscarmellose sodium containing Sumatriptan Succinate compressed tablets showed highest in vitro drug release of 93% within 30 min. and there is no variation in the position of characteristic absorption bands it reveals that there is no interaction between drug and polymer.","PeriodicalId":21459,"journal":{"name":"RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88571661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandhyavali, P. Sivakamisundari, P. Sharma, V. Murugan
The present study deals with the preliminary phytochemical study of Indigofera linnaei of family Fabaceae which is commonly known as Birdsville indigo. The Indigofera species has been cited in various literatures for its use in treating rheumatism, arthritis, infl ammation, tumor and liver diseases. The Pharmacognostical study revealed presence of important constituents like alkaloids, saponins, fl avonoids, terpenoids, steroids and tannins. The aerial part of the plant was macerated with methanol to get the methanolic extract. The Antimicrobial Activity of methanolic extract of Indigofera linnaei was performed using agar well diffusion method. The extract was tested against 4 different species of human pathogenic bacteria including two species of gram-negative (E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and two species of gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). The zone of inhibition was observed and the response was compared with the standard drug, Streptomycin. The observations revealed that the extract showed considerable antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. The extract exhibited moderate activity in case of Staphylococcus aureus. However, very mild activity was observed against gram negative organisms. The two extracts i.e. chloroform and methanol extract of Indigofera linnaei were studied for their antioxidant potential. The activityof two extracts were compared by in vitro methods namely DPPH and Hydrogen Peroxide Assay. Ascorbic acid was used as standard in DPPH method. The in vitro antioxidant study revealed that the extract showed good antioxidant activity as compared to the chloroform extract which showed less inhibitory effect in DPPH method while in hydrogen peroxide assay, chloroform extract showed good antioxidant activity compared to methanol extract.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Indigofera Linnaei","authors":"Sandhyavali, P. Sivakamisundari, P. Sharma, V. Murugan","doi":"10.5530/RJPS.2012.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/RJPS.2012.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with the preliminary phytochemical study of Indigofera linnaei of family Fabaceae which is commonly known as Birdsville indigo. The Indigofera species has been cited in various literatures for its use in treating rheumatism, arthritis, infl ammation, tumor and liver diseases. The Pharmacognostical study revealed presence of important constituents like alkaloids, saponins, fl avonoids, terpenoids, steroids and tannins. The aerial part of the plant was macerated with methanol to get the methanolic extract. The Antimicrobial Activity of methanolic extract of Indigofera linnaei was performed using agar well diffusion method. The extract was tested against 4 different species of human pathogenic bacteria including two species of gram-negative (E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and two species of gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). The zone of inhibition was observed and the response was compared with the standard drug, Streptomycin. The observations revealed that the extract showed considerable antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. The extract exhibited moderate activity in case of Staphylococcus aureus. However, very mild activity was observed against gram negative organisms. The two extracts i.e. chloroform and methanol extract of Indigofera linnaei were studied for their antioxidant potential. The activityof two extracts were compared by in vitro methods namely DPPH and Hydrogen Peroxide Assay. Ascorbic acid was used as standard in DPPH method. The in vitro antioxidant study revealed that the extract showed good antioxidant activity as compared to the chloroform extract which showed less inhibitory effect in DPPH method while in hydrogen peroxide assay, chloroform extract showed good antioxidant activity compared to methanol extract.","PeriodicalId":21459,"journal":{"name":"RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"100-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79105550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navigating Your Way Through Online Resources for Biomedical Research","authors":"P. Balakumar, Sharon Marcus, G. Jagadeesh","doi":"10.5530/RJPS.2012.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/RJPS.2012.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21459,"journal":{"name":"RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"48 13 1","pages":"05-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75422428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A well designed controlled drug delivery system can overcome several problems of conventional therapy and also enhance the therapeutic effi cacy of active pharmaceutical compounds. There are various approaches for the delivery of therapeutic substance to the target site in a controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs or active pharmaceutical compound. However, the success of this drug delivery system is limited due to their short residence time at the site of absorption. Thus, mucoadhesion characteristics are coupled to microspheres to develop a novel delivery system referred to as “mucoadhesive microspheres”. These mucoadhesive carriers provide an intimate contact with the mucus layer and specifi c targeting of drugs to the absorption site. In recent years, mucoadhesive microspheres have been developed for oral, buccal, nasal, ocular, rectal and vaginal for either systemic or local effects. Present work highlights the numerous aspects of microspheres i.e. method of preparation, delivery route, various polymers used for preparation and applications. Moreover, recent patents granted till now are also discussed in detail.
{"title":"Microspheres: Mucoadhesion Based Controlled Drug Delivery System","authors":"N. Jain, Neha Gulati, D. Kumar, Upendra Nagaich","doi":"10.5530/RJPS.2012.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/RJPS.2012.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"A well designed controlled drug delivery system can overcome several problems of conventional therapy and also enhance the therapeutic effi cacy of active pharmaceutical compounds. There are various approaches for the delivery of therapeutic substance to the target site in a controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs or active pharmaceutical compound. However, the success of this drug delivery system is limited due to their short residence time at the site of absorption. Thus, mucoadhesion characteristics are coupled to microspheres to develop a novel delivery system referred to as “mucoadhesive microspheres”. These mucoadhesive carriers provide an intimate contact with the mucus layer and specifi c targeting of drugs to the absorption site. In recent years, mucoadhesive microspheres have been developed for oral, buccal, nasal, ocular, rectal and vaginal for either systemic or local effects. Present work highlights the numerous aspects of microspheres i.e. method of preparation, delivery route, various polymers used for preparation and applications. Moreover, recent patents granted till now are also discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":21459,"journal":{"name":"RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"28-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89573495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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