Rural and remote health最新文献

Introduction: Effective trauma care requires the rapid management of injuries. Rural and remote areas face inequity in trauma care due to time, distance and resource constraints, and experience higher morbidity and mortality rates than urban settings. A training needs analysis (TNA) conducted with stakeholders across Queensland, Australia, revealed a lack of contextual, accessible and interprofessional trauma education for clinicians. The Clinical Skills Development Service and Jamieson Trauma Institute developed the Queensland Trauma Education (QTE) program to address these concerns. QTE comprises a face-to-face training course and open access to online training resources created and reviewed by trauma experts. QTE also supports local training through a statewide simulation network and free access to simulation training equipment. The aim of this article is to review the QTE program and assess the benefits to clinicians in both the delivery of education and the provision of trauma care.

Methods: To evaluate the QTE program, a desktop review was conducted. This included analyses of website data, course and website content, and facilitator, stakeholder, participant and user feedback. The data were evaluated using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework, and the program's alignment with the original TNA outcomes was assessed.

Results: The results showed that QTE aligns with the identified training needs. Specifically, QTE provides trauma education that is relevant, sustainable, employs best practice, is locally delivered, provides continuous support, is multidisciplinary, multi-platformed, physically accessible and accredited by the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine. The review also highlights how QTE has effectively been reaching its target population, improves knowledge and skills, has become widely adopted, and been implemented and maintained with relative success.

Conclusion: The innovative QTE program addresses the previous deficits in trauma education and meets the needs identified in the TNA. The review also reveals further opportunities for continuous improvement and program sustainability.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to find the association between pesticide exposure and the incidence of suicide in agricultural workers, focusing on analyzing the profile of agricultural workers, the countries with the highest number of publications and, especially, the link between occupational exposure to pesticides, the degradation of mental health and suicide among agricultural workers.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol using Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, where 33 articles were screened to compose the final portfolio.

Results: There is a strong link between pesticide exposure and suicide in agricultural workers. Smoking, alcohol consumption, exposure time, and marital status influence the decision to die by suicide. Brazil and the US lead the ranking in publications, demonstrating that it is not a problem only for developing countries. Organophosphates are the main pesticides used, and they degrade an enzyme crucial for the nervous system, which can result in mental disorders and consequent suicide in agricultural workers.

Conclusion: There is a need for stricter norms for the commercialization and use of pesticides. There is also a need for providing training to agricultural workers on the application and storage of pesticides, and to communicate about the compounds and the consequences of pesticides to mental health.

Introduction: An outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella Give, a very rarely identified serotype in human isolates in Greece, occurred in participants of a religious festival in a rural area of southern Greece, in September 2022. The objectives of this study were to describe the outbreak in terms of epidemiology, identify the vehicle of transmission of the foodborne pathogen and recommend prevention measures.

Methods: The outbreak was linked to the consumption of a local traditional recipe of roasted pork meat served by a street food vendor. In 2018, the same food item, served in a restaurant in the same region, was implicated in another S. Give outbreak.

Results: Outbreak investigations revealed that outbreak-associated isolates, of food and human origin, belonged to the same S. Give strain. Significant deficiencies regarding food safety practices were identified.

Conclusion: Technical knowledge about pathogen transmission paths is important in order for both food handlers and consumers to follow hygiene and sanitary measures, mainly in cases of mass gatherings, where large quantities of food are prepared, handled, cooked and served. Efficient official supervision, mainly during summer festivals, is required in order to avoid recurrence of foodborne infections by different combinations of pathogens/food commodities.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to understand what literature exists to comprehend demographics and predicted trends of rural allied health professionals (AHPs), person factors of rural AHPs, and recruitment and retention of rural AHPs.

Methods: A scoping review was completed and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Articles were analyzed using three a priori categories of recruitment and retention, person factors, and demographics and trends.

Results: Eighty articles met inclusion criteria for the review. Most of the literature came from Australia. Most research studies were qualitative or descriptive. A priori coding of the articles revealed overlap of the a priori codes across articles; however, the majority of articles related to recruitment and retention followed by demographics and trends and person factors. Recruitment and retention articles focused on strategies prior to education, during education, and recruitment and retention, with the highest number of articles focused on retention. Overall, there were no specific best strategies. Demographic data most commonly gathered were age, practice location, profession, sex, gender, previous rural placement and number of years in practice. While person factors were not as commonly written about, psychosocial factors of rural AHPs were most commonly discussed, including desire to care for others, appreciation of feeling needed, connectedness to team and community and enjoyment of the rural lifestyle.

Conclusion: The evidence available provides an understanding of what research exists to understand recruitment and retention of AHPs from a recruitment and retention approach, person factor approach, and demographics and trends approach. Based on this scoping review, there is not a clear road map for predicting or maintaining AHPs in a rural workforce. Further research is needed to support increased recruitment and retention of AHPs in rural areas.