Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1183741
Nihat Çelik, A. Toktaş
This article proposes a regression model for the shear-cutting process of grain-oriented electrical steel magnetic cores of transformers made from different gages and magnetic properties of steels. In the experimental runs, 3 levels for thickness (230, 270, and 300 µm) and 4 levels for magnetic features of electrical steels are considered. Core steels are supplied as foils and slit to designed lengths in slitting machinery along the rolling direction of coils. The best magnetic features rely on the rolling direction of the coil and the transverse direction of the coil is subject to the shear-cutting process. The result of cutting operations, discontinuities, and degradations in magnetic properties may occur because of deterioration in crystallography and strain gradation on laminated sheets. Shear-cutting process factors have a strong influence on magnetic degradation even the magnitude of the no-load loss of the transformer core. In this study, the mathematical relation between shear cutting factors sheet thickness ST, counts of hits CH, and the response burr length BL is determined using regression modeling. For this purpose, the process parameters of GEORG TBA 400 cut-to-length machinery in use core production is studied. The calculated coefficient of determination is close to almost 1.00 i.e., R2 = 0.9896 which means the factors are sufficient to model the response, and the model is obtained with a good prediction performance. The aim of the present study is building up a useful process control tool for the machinery and raise a discussion alike process in industry.
{"title":"Mathematical Modelling of Shear Cutting Process of Grain Oriented Electrical Steels Using Regression Modelling","authors":"Nihat Çelik, A. Toktaş","doi":"10.16984/saufenbilder.1183741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1183741","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a regression model for the shear-cutting process of grain-oriented electrical steel magnetic cores of transformers made from different gages and magnetic properties of steels. In the experimental runs, 3 levels for thickness (230, 270, and 300 µm) and 4 levels for magnetic features of electrical steels are considered. Core steels are supplied as foils and slit to designed lengths in slitting machinery along the rolling direction of coils. The best magnetic features rely on the rolling direction of the coil and the transverse direction of the coil is subject to the shear-cutting process. The result of cutting operations, discontinuities, and degradations in magnetic properties may occur because of deterioration in crystallography and strain gradation on laminated sheets. Shear-cutting process factors have a strong influence on magnetic degradation even the magnitude of the no-load loss of the transformer core. In this study, the mathematical relation between shear cutting factors sheet thickness ST, counts of hits CH, and the response burr length BL is determined using regression modeling. For this purpose, the process parameters of GEORG TBA 400 cut-to-length machinery in use core production is studied. The calculated coefficient of determination is close to almost 1.00 i.e., R2 = 0.9896 which means the factors are sufficient to model the response, and the model is obtained with a good prediction performance. The aim of the present study is building up a useful process control tool for the machinery and raise a discussion alike process in industry.","PeriodicalId":21468,"journal":{"name":"Sakarya University Journal of Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76008767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1228959
M. Özdemi̇r, Serhan Kökhan
Contrary to popular belief, beekeeping, which dates back to prehistoric times and is one of the most important plant and animal production branches today, is not an innocent profession in terms of occupational health and safety. In this study, in order to determine the occupational health and safety risk factors in the beekeeping profession, Interviews with beekeepers were conducted in 10 apiaries operating in Bayburt, where especially wandering beekeeping is practiced. In light of the data obtained from the danger hunt applied by the occupational health and safety specialist, ergonomic, physical, biological, and chemical risks were revealed using the FMEA risk analysis method. The effect, probability, and detection values were found for each failure mode, and then Risk Priority Number values were calculated. As a result of the study, for the five basic stages of beekeeping, 15 processes, 39 failure modes, 72 potential effects, and 39 failure causes were determined. Failure modes with a Risk Priority Number value of 100 and above were evaluated as “situations where urgent action and axiom should be taken,” and preventive axioms were proposed for each relevant failure mode. The number of studies on the risk factors in the beekeeping profession is very limited in the literature. For this reason, it is predicted that this study will fill an important gap in the related field and make significant contributions to the literature.
{"title":"Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety Risks in Beekeeping with FMEA Method","authors":"M. Özdemi̇r, Serhan Kökhan","doi":"10.16984/saufenbilder.1228959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1228959","url":null,"abstract":"Contrary to popular belief, beekeeping, which dates back to prehistoric times and is one of the most important plant and animal production branches today, is not an innocent profession in terms of occupational health and safety. In this study, in order to determine the occupational health and safety risk factors in the beekeeping profession, Interviews with beekeepers were conducted in 10 apiaries operating in Bayburt, where especially wandering beekeeping is practiced. In light of the data obtained from the danger hunt applied by the occupational health and safety specialist, ergonomic, physical, biological, and chemical risks were revealed using the FMEA risk analysis method. The effect, probability, and detection values were found for each failure mode, and then Risk Priority Number values were calculated. As a result of the study, for the five basic stages of beekeeping, 15 processes, 39 failure modes, 72 potential effects, and 39 failure causes were determined. Failure modes with a Risk Priority Number value of 100 and above were evaluated as “situations where urgent action and axiom should be taken,” and preventive axioms were proposed for each relevant failure mode. The number of studies on the risk factors in the beekeeping profession is very limited in the literature. For this reason, it is predicted that this study will fill an important gap in the related field and make significant contributions to the literature.","PeriodicalId":21468,"journal":{"name":"Sakarya University Journal of Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86061014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1254690
Ç. Akduman, N. Oglakcioglu
Nano and micro-pores of the electrospun webs provide good moisture vapor transmission rate, while it maintains resistance to pressured air and resistance to liquid for some type of clothing. Laminating a nanofiber web to any textile structure could improve the desired resistance to air permeability with providing excellent breathability. In the present study, hydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and hydrophilic poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber webs were produced onto three different chromium sieve wires and then laminated to an interlining fabric and compared in means of pore size, breathability and air permeability. Mesh count of the wires affected the pore size and smallest pore size are belong to 90 mesh wire. The water vapor permeability of the samples varied between 80% and 90% as well as providing relatively low air permeability values. With increasing nanofiber amount, air permeability decreased dramatically.
{"title":"Tailoring the Porosity and Breathability of Nanofiber Webs with Mesh Size of the Deposition Material","authors":"Ç. Akduman, N. Oglakcioglu","doi":"10.16984/saufenbilder.1254690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1254690","url":null,"abstract":"Nano and micro-pores of the electrospun webs provide good moisture vapor transmission rate, while it maintains resistance to pressured air and resistance to liquid for some type of clothing. Laminating a nanofiber web to any textile structure could improve the desired resistance to air permeability with providing excellent breathability. In the present study, hydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and hydrophilic poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber webs were produced onto three different chromium sieve wires and then laminated to an interlining fabric and compared in means of pore size, breathability and air permeability. Mesh count of the wires affected the pore size and smallest pore size are belong to 90 mesh wire. The water vapor permeability of the samples varied between 80% and 90% as well as providing relatively low air permeability values. With increasing nanofiber amount, air permeability decreased dramatically.","PeriodicalId":21468,"journal":{"name":"Sakarya University Journal of Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83747001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1161702
Serkan Şahi̇n
Phase-space transforms describe spatial and angular information about light sources where one example is the Wigner functions in wave optics. Stokes parameters, on the other hand, supply information about the polarization of light beams. The generalized phase space Stokes parameters of 2D stochastic electromagnetic beams are already developed. In this article, the application of anisotropic light sources in generalized phase space Stokes parameters is theoretically investigated and numerically analyzed. There are several different ways of studying electromagnetic light beams depending on the spatial domain. But, most measure of the polarization of random light fields is carried out within the Stokes parameters context. In this account we study the electromagnetism, Stokes parameters, phase space, and the anisotropy properties of random light beams at once. We find here that when an anisotropy introduced in phase space then the cross terms of the Wigner matrix depart from the diagonal terms, which is not the same in configuration space. As a result, anisotropy has a different effect in Phase space, i.e. an anisotropic source introduces a phase and a variance change only in the cross terms of Wigner matrix. This is due to the use of anisotropy in the shifted kernel of Wigner transform.
{"title":"The Effect of Anisotropic Gaussian Schell-Model Sources in Generalized Phase Space Stokes Parameters","authors":"Serkan Şahi̇n","doi":"10.16984/saufenbilder.1161702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1161702","url":null,"abstract":"Phase-space transforms describe spatial and angular information about light sources where one example is the Wigner functions in wave optics. Stokes parameters, on the other hand, supply information about the polarization of light beams. The generalized phase space Stokes parameters of 2D stochastic electromagnetic beams are already developed. In this article, the application of anisotropic light sources in generalized phase space Stokes parameters is theoretically investigated and numerically analyzed. There are several different ways of studying electromagnetic light beams depending on the spatial domain. But, most measure of the polarization of random light fields is carried out within the Stokes parameters context. In this account we study the electromagnetism, Stokes parameters, phase space, and the anisotropy properties of random light beams at once. We find here that when an anisotropy introduced in phase space then the cross terms of the Wigner matrix depart from the diagonal terms, which is not the same in configuration space. As a result, anisotropy has a different effect in Phase space, i.e. an anisotropic source introduces a phase and a variance change only in the cross terms of Wigner matrix. This is due to the use of anisotropy in the shifted kernel of Wigner transform.","PeriodicalId":21468,"journal":{"name":"Sakarya University Journal of Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85887979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1206303
Ilknur Altin
This study is based on the preparation of TiO2 and bismuth doped TiO2 (Bi-TiO2) nanoparticles by surfactant-assisted sol-gel approach. The physiochemical characteristics of prepared samples were examined by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fiel emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive analysis (FESEM-EDS), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The XRD patterns revealed that the anatase crystal phase was only formed with high crystallinity. The band gap energies were measured to be of 3.11 eV for TiO2-2 and 3.02 eV for Bi-TiO2 by ultraviolet (UV)-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, revealing that doping Bi improves the efficient interactive relation of the catalyst with visible light. Also, EDS results confirm that Bi particles are immobilized on the surface of TiO2 successfully. The activities of the catalysts were tested by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under the visible light. Bi-TiO2 photocatalyst could achieve the best MB degradation percentage of 70.2% after 180 min. of visible irradiation. Additionally, effect of some experimental parameters such as effect of humic acid (HA) and pH has been evaluated as much as reusability of catalyst. The characterization results confirmed the successful and desired preparation of the catalysts. The Bi-TiO2 presented significant visible light response photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB.
{"title":"Bi Doped TiO2 as a Photocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity","authors":"Ilknur Altin","doi":"10.16984/saufenbilder.1206303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1206303","url":null,"abstract":"This study is based on the preparation of TiO2 and bismuth doped TiO2 (Bi-TiO2) nanoparticles by surfactant-assisted sol-gel approach. The physiochemical characteristics of prepared samples were examined by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fiel emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive analysis (FESEM-EDS), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The XRD patterns revealed that the anatase crystal phase was only formed with high crystallinity. The band gap energies were measured to be of 3.11 eV for TiO2-2 and 3.02 eV for Bi-TiO2 by ultraviolet (UV)-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, revealing that doping Bi improves the efficient interactive relation of the catalyst with visible light. Also, EDS results confirm that Bi particles are immobilized on the surface of TiO2 successfully. The activities of the catalysts were tested by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under the visible light. Bi-TiO2 photocatalyst could achieve the best MB degradation percentage of 70.2% after 180 min. of visible irradiation. Additionally, effect of some experimental parameters such as effect of humic acid (HA) and pH has been evaluated as much as reusability of catalyst. The characterization results confirmed the successful and desired preparation of the catalysts. The Bi-TiO2 presented significant visible light response photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB.","PeriodicalId":21468,"journal":{"name":"Sakarya University Journal of Science","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74586188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1255815
H. Kepekci, E. Aslan
In this study, the high-temperature liquid water flow through the cross-section of a T pipe and the effect of the temperature of the liquid on the pipe material has been investigated. Pipe deformation caused by fluid temperature has been analyzed by the Fluid-structure interaction method. The effect of temperature distribution inside the pipe has been considered as thermal load in the structural analysis of the pipe body. The finite volume method has been used in the study with numerical methods. While k-ε is preferred as the turbulence model, the mesh file created to be used in the analysis contains 200,000 grid cells. For all calculations, the Reynolds number has been set to 3900 and kept constant. The geometry of the T pipe, the fluid passing through the pipe and used the boundary have been constant for the numerical analysis made in the study. The pipe material has been determined as the only parameter that changed. As different pipe materials magnesium, aluminum, copper, steel, concrete, cast iron, and titanium have been used. As a result of the study, thermal strain, total deformation, and directional deformation values have been determined. As a result, it has been determined that the greatest deformation under thermal load is in magnesium pipes, and the smallest deformation is in titanium pipes. It has been observed that the total amount of deformation of the pipe made of magnesium is three times higher than that of the titanium pipe.
{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Hot Fluid on Deformation in T-Shaped Pipes by FSI Method Using Different Material","authors":"H. Kepekci, E. Aslan","doi":"10.16984/saufenbilder.1255815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1255815","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the high-temperature liquid water flow through the cross-section of a T pipe and the effect of the temperature of the liquid on the pipe material has been investigated. Pipe deformation caused by fluid temperature has been analyzed by the Fluid-structure interaction method. The effect of temperature distribution inside the pipe has been considered as thermal load in the structural analysis of the pipe body. The finite volume method has been used in the study with numerical methods. While k-ε is preferred as the turbulence model, the mesh file created to be used in the analysis contains 200,000 grid cells. For all calculations, the Reynolds number has been set to 3900 and kept constant. The geometry of the T pipe, the fluid passing through the pipe and used the boundary have been constant for the numerical analysis made in the study. The pipe material has been determined as the only parameter that changed. As different pipe materials magnesium, aluminum, copper, steel, concrete, cast iron, and titanium have been used. As a result of the study, thermal strain, total deformation, and directional deformation values have been determined. As a result, it has been determined that the greatest deformation under thermal load is in magnesium pipes, and the smallest deformation is in titanium pipes. It has been observed that the total amount of deformation of the pipe made of magnesium is three times higher than that of the titanium pipe.","PeriodicalId":21468,"journal":{"name":"Sakarya University Journal of Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91387655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1090178
A. Ozkaya, A. Yılmaz
In hydrological research, accurate rainfall data is the primary subject for the minimization of potential loss of life and property that is mainly caused by floods. However, there is a difficulty in getting precise rainfall data for poorly gauged locations, especially in mountainous areas. Weather radar instruments can be the remedy accompanied by some errors. And, these errors should be removed before the implementation of this product. This paper presents the results of the research on radar rainfall estimate errors with support vector regression (SVR) method using the observed rain gauge data. The paper depicts the methodological base of the algorithm that covers additive and multiplicative corrections and the results of practical implementations considering the locations of gauge measurements. The preliminary results show that the SVR has a location-oriented performance. The multiplicative and additive correction factors show decreasing and polynomial trends respectively, as the distance from the radar location increase. Another particular outcome is that the SVR shows better results for the stations located in the mid-range (mainly for 40-60 km) contrary to the nearest ones. Since the systematic error in the radar data is nonlinear, the SVR method would show a promising result with a combination of other optimization techniques.
{"title":"The Support Vector Regression with L1 Norm: Application to Weather Radar Data in Adjusting Rainfall Errors","authors":"A. Ozkaya, A. Yılmaz","doi":"10.16984/saufenbilder.1090178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1090178","url":null,"abstract":"In hydrological research, accurate rainfall data is the primary subject for the minimization of potential loss of life and property that is mainly caused by floods. However, there is a difficulty in getting precise rainfall data for poorly gauged locations, especially in mountainous areas. Weather radar instruments can be the remedy accompanied by some errors. And, these errors should be removed before the implementation of this product. This paper presents the results of the research on radar rainfall estimate errors with support vector regression (SVR) method using the observed rain gauge data. The paper depicts the methodological base of the algorithm that covers additive and multiplicative corrections and the results of practical implementations considering the locations of gauge measurements. The preliminary results show that the SVR has a location-oriented performance. The multiplicative and additive correction factors show decreasing and polynomial trends respectively, as the distance from the radar location increase. Another particular outcome is that the SVR shows better results for the stations located in the mid-range (mainly for 40-60 km) contrary to the nearest ones. Since the systematic error in the radar data is nonlinear, the SVR method would show a promising result with a combination of other optimization techniques.","PeriodicalId":21468,"journal":{"name":"Sakarya University Journal of Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76285454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1152982
S. Yeşilyurt, H. Y. Dalkilic, P. Samui
Modeling of data is critical in the analysis and evaluation of hydrological behavior. River flow data is one of the most important data in explaining hydrology. Management of water resources; It takes place in the literature as an area that needs to be investigated in order to provide early warning for undesirable situations such as floods and drought. For this reason, it is of important to develop different techniques for the estimation and modeling of river flow or to make comparisons between techniques. In this study, the flow data of fourteen stations located in the Euphrates-Tigris basin between 1981 and 2010 were used. Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS), Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques that are frequently used in the literature, and newly introduced Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Emotional Neural Network (ENN) artificial intelligence techniques are compared. In addition, considering all performance indices, it was determined which technique gave better results with rank analysis. Although all models worked well, it was seen that the methods were ranked as ELM, GPR, ENN, SVM and ANFIS starting from the best. This has shown that ELM, GPR and ENN methods, which have been used recently in flow modeling, give better results than traditional methods with complex structures. In addition, flow values were used in the whole study and these values were examined in 3 different combinations. It was seen that the model structure that gave the best performance was the model structure that used the flow data from one, two and three days ago as an estimator. The results were analyzed with a Taylor diagram and time series graphs.
{"title":"Application of Soft Computing Techniques in River Flow Modeling","authors":"S. Yeşilyurt, H. Y. Dalkilic, P. Samui","doi":"10.16984/saufenbilder.1152982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1152982","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling of data is critical in the analysis and evaluation of hydrological behavior. River flow data is one of the most important data in explaining hydrology. Management of water resources; It takes place in the literature as an area that needs to be investigated in order to provide early warning for undesirable situations such as floods and drought. For this reason, it is of important to develop different techniques for the estimation and modeling of river flow or to make comparisons between techniques. In this study, the flow data of fourteen stations located in the Euphrates-Tigris basin between 1981 and 2010 were used. Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS), Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques that are frequently used in the literature, and newly introduced Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Emotional Neural Network (ENN) artificial intelligence techniques are compared. In addition, considering all performance indices, it was determined which technique gave better results with rank analysis. Although all models worked well, it was seen that the methods were ranked as ELM, GPR, ENN, SVM and ANFIS starting from the best. This has shown that ELM, GPR and ENN methods, which have been used recently in flow modeling, give better results than traditional methods with complex structures. In addition, flow values were used in the whole study and these values were examined in 3 different combinations. It was seen that the model structure that gave the best performance was the model structure that used the flow data from one, two and three days ago as an estimator. The results were analyzed with a Taylor diagram and time series graphs.","PeriodicalId":21468,"journal":{"name":"Sakarya University Journal of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74272206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1190168
E. Sarica
ZnO is a versatile material and tailoring its physical properties to the field of application is technologically crucial. Intentionally doping with a foreign element is the most common and useful method for that. In this presented work, ZnO films doped at different Mg concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) were deposited onto glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis in order to investigate the effect of Mg doping. AFM and SEM images captured for the morphological investigations revealed that Mg doping deteriorated the surface of the films. The structural analysis showed that the Mg doping at 5% enhanced the structural properties, but the crystallization level was adversely affected at higher Mg concentrations. Optical band gap and Urbach energies increased from 3.30 eV to 3.45 eV and from 79.5 meV to 119.8 meV, respectively. The lowest electrical resistivity was noted as 8.72101 cm for Mg-doped ZnO films at 5%.
{"title":"The Effect of Mg Content on the Physical Properties of ZnO Films Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis","authors":"E. Sarica","doi":"10.16984/saufenbilder.1190168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1190168","url":null,"abstract":"ZnO is a versatile material and tailoring its physical properties to the field of application is technologically crucial. Intentionally doping with a foreign element is the most common and useful method for that. In this presented work, ZnO films doped at different Mg concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) were deposited onto glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis in order to investigate the effect of Mg doping. AFM and SEM images captured for the morphological investigations revealed that Mg doping deteriorated the surface of the films. The structural analysis showed that the Mg doping at 5% enhanced the structural properties, but the crystallization level was adversely affected at higher Mg concentrations. Optical band gap and Urbach energies increased from 3.30 eV to 3.45 eV and from 79.5 meV to 119.8 meV, respectively. The lowest electrical resistivity was noted as 8.72101 cm for Mg-doped ZnO films at 5%.","PeriodicalId":21468,"journal":{"name":"Sakarya University Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87945002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1152986
D. Ickecan, Türkan Nuredi̇n, D. Erbahar, Hasan Gülbi̇çi̇m
Graphene and carbon-based materials are widely used in daily life applications. The richness of optical and electronic properties has made them rapidly rising materials on the horizon of material science and condensed matter physics. Having the sheets of atoms stacked in disorganized manner makes activated carbon different from other forms of graphitic structures. The research about the shielding properties of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and activated carbon for gamma-rays are very rare and active domain of study. Since the use of radioactive sources in different fields (nuclear industry, shielding materials, radiation biophysics and space research application, etc.) has been increasing expeditiously, the photon interactions with matter have gained importance in the world of material science technology. In this work, we review the basics of the impregnated activated carbon (AC) and RGO, as well as the relationship between the structures and the gamma shielding properties in terms of both quality and efficiency. XCom software and EGSnrc simulation code were used to obtain the theoretical values of various shielding parameters which are significantly important to be able to understand the shielding properties of AC and RGO for gamma-rays. We report the mass attenuation coefficients (μm), the half value layer (HVL), the tenth value layer (TVL), and the mean free path (MFP) values and compare them with other commonly used shielding materials like lead, borosilicate, concrete, and vermiculite. The calculated data showed that AC is very appropriate and consistent to be one of the candidates for shielding materials of gamma-rays even though the graphene is seen as inconsistent for such purpose.
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