Introduction: To compare the effect of different intracanal medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm inside root canals using the viable count method (colony forming unit [CFU]/mL) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: A total of 180 mandibular premolars were selected. Access cavities, cleaning and shaping were done. After sterilization, all the teeth were inoculated by E. faecalis for 5 weeks to establish a mature biofilm. The inoculated roots were equally distributed into six experimental groups corresponding to the powder used: Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2; metronidazole (MDZ) and chitosan. Each powder was mixed with two different vehicles, 2%chlorhexidine (CHX) solution and sterile water, as an intracanal dressing for 2 weeks. Twenty infected root canals were representing the positive control group, and other 20 noninfected root canals represented the negative control group. To determine the bacterial load (CFU/mL), samples were collected by sterile paper points pre and postdressing. Using an SEM, the root canals from each group were topographically scanned. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (post hoc test) were used to estimate and statistically analyze the bacterial reduction data (P < 0.05). Results: Mature biofilm formation was confirmed using SEM after incubation period. MDZ + CHX and Ca(OH)2 + CHX were significantly better than other intracanal medicaments (P < 0.05). The difference in antimicrobial effectiveness between other intracanal medications was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The combination of MDZ + CHX and Ca(OH)2 + CHX recorded a significant effect against E. faecalis biofilm among the intracanal medicament used.
{"title":"Effect of different intracanal medicaments on eradication of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm – Ex vivo study","authors":"Hesham Moheb, Samira Zakeer, H. Hassan","doi":"10.4103/sej.sej_47_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sej.sej_47_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To compare the effect of different intracanal medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm inside root canals using the viable count method (colony forming unit [CFU]/mL) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: A total of 180 mandibular premolars were selected. Access cavities, cleaning and shaping were done. After sterilization, all the teeth were inoculated by E. faecalis for 5 weeks to establish a mature biofilm. The inoculated roots were equally distributed into six experimental groups corresponding to the powder used: Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2; metronidazole (MDZ) and chitosan. Each powder was mixed with two different vehicles, 2%chlorhexidine (CHX) solution and sterile water, as an intracanal dressing for 2 weeks. Twenty infected root canals were representing the positive control group, and other 20 noninfected root canals represented the negative control group. To determine the bacterial load (CFU/mL), samples were collected by sterile paper points pre and postdressing. Using an SEM, the root canals from each group were topographically scanned. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (post hoc test) were used to estimate and statistically analyze the bacterial reduction data (P < 0.05). Results: Mature biofilm formation was confirmed using SEM after incubation period. MDZ + CHX and Ca(OH)2 + CHX were significantly better than other intracanal medicaments (P < 0.05). The difference in antimicrobial effectiveness between other intracanal medications was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The combination of MDZ + CHX and Ca(OH)2 + CHX recorded a significant effect against E. faecalis biofilm among the intracanal medicament used.","PeriodicalId":21485,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Endodontic Journal","volume":"208 1","pages":"254 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79355049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Root canal therapy is often required due to the pulpal and periradicular infection after coronal hard tissue loss. A high risk of biomechanical failure is associated with loss of structural integrity with endodontically treated teeth. Prognosis is affected by various parameters, such as extent of tooth structure loss, ferrule height, post and cores, and materials used for restoration. Aim: The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities restored with horizontal glass fiber resin posts and composite. Materials and Methods: Ninety intact extracted maxillary molars were collected, subjected to endodontic treatment, and were divided into 6 groups (n = 15): Group 1 (control group, untreated teeth), Group 2 (cavity without restoration), Group 3a (cavity restored with Neo Spectra ST), Group 3b (cavity restored with Neo Spectra ST after placement of horizontal glass fiber resin posts), Group 4a (cavity restored with SDR Plus), and Group 4b (cavity restored with SDR Plus after placement of horizontal fiber resin posts). Then samples were subjected to a universal testing machine for evaluation. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean (standard deviation) fracture load among groups was 354.46 N (±31.15N) to 1241.73 N (±29.97N). Significant statistical difference at P < 0.05 was present between the groups, Group 1>Group 4b>Group 3b>Group 4a>Group 3a>Group 2. Conclusion: Under the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that samples of MOD cavities in endodontically treated teeth, when incorporated with horizontal glass fiber resin posts, resulted in higher fracture resistance.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with and without horizontal posts, using packable and bulkfill flowable composite: An in vitro study","authors":"Swati Jha, D. Sinha, Sugandha Bhalla, Pallavi Sharma, Nidhi Sharma, Swapnil Vats","doi":"10.4103/sej.sej_73_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sej.sej_73_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Root canal therapy is often required due to the pulpal and periradicular infection after coronal hard tissue loss. A high risk of biomechanical failure is associated with loss of structural integrity with endodontically treated teeth. Prognosis is affected by various parameters, such as extent of tooth structure loss, ferrule height, post and cores, and materials used for restoration. Aim: The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities restored with horizontal glass fiber resin posts and composite. Materials and Methods: Ninety intact extracted maxillary molars were collected, subjected to endodontic treatment, and were divided into 6 groups (n = 15): Group 1 (control group, untreated teeth), Group 2 (cavity without restoration), Group 3a (cavity restored with Neo Spectra ST), Group 3b (cavity restored with Neo Spectra ST after placement of horizontal glass fiber resin posts), Group 4a (cavity restored with SDR Plus), and Group 4b (cavity restored with SDR Plus after placement of horizontal fiber resin posts). Then samples were subjected to a universal testing machine for evaluation. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean (standard deviation) fracture load among groups was 354.46 N (±31.15N) to 1241.73 N (±29.97N). Significant statistical difference at P < 0.05 was present between the groups, Group 1>Group 4b>Group 3b>Group 4a>Group 3a>Group 2. Conclusion: Under the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that samples of MOD cavities in endodontically treated teeth, when incorporated with horizontal glass fiber resin posts, resulted in higher fracture resistance.","PeriodicalId":21485,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Endodontic Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"268 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84135971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: An ideal sealer produces a hermetic closure, does not cause tooth discoloration, is bacteriostatic, insoluble in tissue fluids and biocompatible, and has good adhesion and a long setting time. Until now, no sealer material has met all these criteria. This study analyzed the differences in sealer adaptation between epoxy resin calcium silicate-based sealers in the middle third of the root canal wall. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and divided into two groups (n = 16 each) according to the type of sealer used for obturation, Group 1 teeth were obturated with an epoxy resin-based sealer, and Group 2 teeth were obturated with a calcium silicate-based sealer. The teeth were cut vertically and prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis. Sealer adaptation was scored and then analyzed statistically by a Chi-square test. Results: The adaptation scores were poor for 0 (0%) teeth, good for 13 (81.25%), and very good for 3 (18.75%) for the epoxy resin-based sealer and poor for 3 (18.75%) teeth, good for 5 (31.25%), and very good for 8 (50%) for the calcium silicate-based sealer. No statistically significant difference was detected between the adaptation of epoxy resin-based and calcium silicate-based sealers (P > 0.05). Overall, the particles appeared larger for epoxy resin than for calcium silicate. Discussion and Conclusion: No statistical difference was detected for sealer adaptation between epoxy resin-based and calcium silicate-based sealers in the middle third of the root canal wall.
{"title":"The adaptation of epoxy resin and calcium silicate-based sealers in the middle third of the root canal wall: In vitro study","authors":"I. Maharti, Raissa Ahimsa, Aditya Putranto","doi":"10.4103/sej.sej_15_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sej.sej_15_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: An ideal sealer produces a hermetic closure, does not cause tooth discoloration, is bacteriostatic, insoluble in tissue fluids and biocompatible, and has good adhesion and a long setting time. Until now, no sealer material has met all these criteria. This study analyzed the differences in sealer adaptation between epoxy resin calcium silicate-based sealers in the middle third of the root canal wall. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and divided into two groups (n = 16 each) according to the type of sealer used for obturation, Group 1 teeth were obturated with an epoxy resin-based sealer, and Group 2 teeth were obturated with a calcium silicate-based sealer. The teeth were cut vertically and prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis. Sealer adaptation was scored and then analyzed statistically by a Chi-square test. Results: The adaptation scores were poor for 0 (0%) teeth, good for 13 (81.25%), and very good for 3 (18.75%) for the epoxy resin-based sealer and poor for 3 (18.75%) teeth, good for 5 (31.25%), and very good for 8 (50%) for the calcium silicate-based sealer. No statistically significant difference was detected between the adaptation of epoxy resin-based and calcium silicate-based sealers (P > 0.05). Overall, the particles appeared larger for epoxy resin than for calcium silicate. Discussion and Conclusion: No statistical difference was detected for sealer adaptation between epoxy resin-based and calcium silicate-based sealers in the middle third of the root canal wall.","PeriodicalId":21485,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Endodontic Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"242 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85353414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mina Mehrjouei, Somaye Teimoori, M. Mirmohammadkhani, Seyed Mortazavi, Maryam Khorasanchi
Introduction: The main goal of root canal treatment is to decrease the count of intracanal microorganisms and their byproducts. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Neolix and XP Shaper rotary files for the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) count in the root canal system. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 58 single-rooted single-canal teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 25) for root canal instrumentation with Neolix and XP Shaper files and positive and negative control groups (n = 4). All teeth were primarily instrumented with #20 K-file and #2 and #3 Gates-Glidden drills. The smear layer was removed using 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were then autoclave sterilized and the root canals in all groups, except for the negative control, were inoculated with E. faecalis. All teeth were then CO2 incubated for 24 h. Primary samples were collected. Next, the root canals in Group 1 were instrumented with Neolix, while the root canals in Group 2 were instrumented with XP Shaper. Root canals in the positive control group were only rinsed with saline. Secondary samples were collected after instrumentation. The number of colonies formed on the blood-agar was counted before and after instrumentation. Results: The negative control group showed no bacterial growth. The positive control group showed a 14.11% reduction in bacterial count. The mean percentage of reduction in bacterial colony count was 92.92% and 87.79% in the Neolix and XP Shaper groups, respectively. The difference in this regard was significant between the two experimental groups with different apical sizes (Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Both files caused a significant reduction in E. faecalis count. However, Neolix had a superior efficacy for canal cleaning compared with XP Shaper.
{"title":"In vitro reduction in Enterococcus faecalis count following root canal preparation with Neolix and XP shaper rotary files","authors":"Mina Mehrjouei, Somaye Teimoori, M. Mirmohammadkhani, Seyed Mortazavi, Maryam Khorasanchi","doi":"10.4103/sej.sej_9_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sej.sej_9_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The main goal of root canal treatment is to decrease the count of intracanal microorganisms and their byproducts. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Neolix and XP Shaper rotary files for the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) count in the root canal system. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 58 single-rooted single-canal teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 25) for root canal instrumentation with Neolix and XP Shaper files and positive and negative control groups (n = 4). All teeth were primarily instrumented with #20 K-file and #2 and #3 Gates-Glidden drills. The smear layer was removed using 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were then autoclave sterilized and the root canals in all groups, except for the negative control, were inoculated with E. faecalis. All teeth were then CO2 incubated for 24 h. Primary samples were collected. Next, the root canals in Group 1 were instrumented with Neolix, while the root canals in Group 2 were instrumented with XP Shaper. Root canals in the positive control group were only rinsed with saline. Secondary samples were collected after instrumentation. The number of colonies formed on the blood-agar was counted before and after instrumentation. Results: The negative control group showed no bacterial growth. The positive control group showed a 14.11% reduction in bacterial count. The mean percentage of reduction in bacterial colony count was 92.92% and 87.79% in the Neolix and XP Shaper groups, respectively. The difference in this regard was significant between the two experimental groups with different apical sizes (Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Both files caused a significant reduction in E. faecalis count. However, Neolix had a superior efficacy for canal cleaning compared with XP Shaper.","PeriodicalId":21485,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Endodontic Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"236 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91102048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serena Lalfakawmi, Alpa Gupta, Seema H. Bukhari, D. Abraham, Arundeep Singh, Mrinalini
Introduction: According to previously published data, the severity of pain caused by pulp therapy and root canal treatment is more compared to other dental operative procedures. Corticosteroids are one of the most common drugs used in endodontics for reducing postoperative pain levels. The aim of this study is to compare and assess the effect of corticosteroids on postoperative pain levels with an active or passive placebo after nonsurgical endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Checklist was used for framing the review protocol and it was then registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42022372527). In this overview, systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that evaluated the efficacy of corticosteroids alone, irrespective of their route, time, dosage of administration, and tooth vitality, in controlling postoperative pain levels in teeth requiring root canal treatment were included. The assessment of multiple systematic reviews tool was used to investigate the methodological quality of the systematic reviews included in this review. Results: The majority of the studies that were selected for this review showed that using corticosteroids led to a significant decrease in pain levels following endodontic treatment, especially at 6 h after completion of treatment. Pain levels were reduced considerably when prednisolone was compared with other forms of corticosteroids. It is suggested that when prednisolone is administered 30 min before the commencement of root canal therapy, it is similar in its effect to using similar doses for a longer duration. However, further randomized controlled trials are required keeping the strict inclusion criteria in mind. Conclusions: The systematic reviews summarized in this overview support the conclusion that using corticosteroids greatly reduced postoperative pain following endodontic treatment, and they also dispel any misconceptions about corticosteroids' routine use in moderation.
{"title":"Efficacy of corticosteroids on postoperative pain levels after nonsurgical endodontic treatment: An overview of systematic reviews","authors":"Serena Lalfakawmi, Alpa Gupta, Seema H. Bukhari, D. Abraham, Arundeep Singh, Mrinalini","doi":"10.4103/sej.sej_24_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sej.sej_24_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: According to previously published data, the severity of pain caused by pulp therapy and root canal treatment is more compared to other dental operative procedures. Corticosteroids are one of the most common drugs used in endodontics for reducing postoperative pain levels. The aim of this study is to compare and assess the effect of corticosteroids on postoperative pain levels with an active or passive placebo after nonsurgical endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Checklist was used for framing the review protocol and it was then registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42022372527). In this overview, systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that evaluated the efficacy of corticosteroids alone, irrespective of their route, time, dosage of administration, and tooth vitality, in controlling postoperative pain levels in teeth requiring root canal treatment were included. The assessment of multiple systematic reviews tool was used to investigate the methodological quality of the systematic reviews included in this review. Results: The majority of the studies that were selected for this review showed that using corticosteroids led to a significant decrease in pain levels following endodontic treatment, especially at 6 h after completion of treatment. Pain levels were reduced considerably when prednisolone was compared with other forms of corticosteroids. It is suggested that when prednisolone is administered 30 min before the commencement of root canal therapy, it is similar in its effect to using similar doses for a longer duration. However, further randomized controlled trials are required keeping the strict inclusion criteria in mind. Conclusions: The systematic reviews summarized in this overview support the conclusion that using corticosteroids greatly reduced postoperative pain following endodontic treatment, and they also dispel any misconceptions about corticosteroids' routine use in moderation.","PeriodicalId":21485,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Endodontic Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"217 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82107666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morphological variations of the pulpal chamber are considered a challenge and may affect successful treatment or prognosis. Maxillary central incisors usually present one canal system and one root. In this report, a 47-year-old Saudi male patient presented with symptomatic permanent maxillary left central incisor with two roots associated with draining sinus tract and buccal groove. The tooth was not mobile but was tender to percussion and palpation. The periapical radiograph demonstrated apical radiolucency of the two-rooted central incisors. The endodontic diagnosis was pulpal necrosis with chronic apical abscess. With aid of periapical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography evaluation, successful nonsurgical root canal treatment was achieved at 1-year follow-up. Careful preoperative clinical and radiographic examinations to identify any anatomical variations are crucial for appropriate management and successful outcome.
{"title":"Endodontic management of two-rooted maxillary central incisor using cone-beam computed tomography: A case report and literature review","authors":"Sara Alaathy, Maha Alghofaily","doi":"10.4103/sej.sej_61_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sej.sej_61_23","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological variations of the pulpal chamber are considered a challenge and may affect successful treatment or prognosis. Maxillary central incisors usually present one canal system and one root. In this report, a 47-year-old Saudi male patient presented with symptomatic permanent maxillary left central incisor with two roots associated with draining sinus tract and buccal groove. The tooth was not mobile but was tender to percussion and palpation. The periapical radiograph demonstrated apical radiolucency of the two-rooted central incisors. The endodontic diagnosis was pulpal necrosis with chronic apical abscess. With aid of periapical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography evaluation, successful nonsurgical root canal treatment was achieved at 1-year follow-up. Careful preoperative clinical and radiographic examinations to identify any anatomical variations are crucial for appropriate management and successful outcome.","PeriodicalId":21485,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Endodontic Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"274 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85888067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolving trend of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in endodontics: A bibliometric study","authors":"Paras Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/sej.sej_20_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sej.sej_20_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21485,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Endodontic Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"280 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87608543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa Retamoso-Palomino, Frank Mayta-Tovalino, Carmen R. García-Rupaya
Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an important diagnostic tool today as it allows the evaluation of the internal structures of hard tissues. This study investigated the internal root morphology of the maxillary first premolars by CBCT in a population of young Peruvians. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational, descriptive study, in which CBCT of 307 scans from patients fulfilling the selection criteria were evaluated. External and internal anatomical characteristics were evaluated in sagittal, coronal, and axial sections at different levels of the root portion, and tooth location and gender were recorded. Results: Only 52.1% presented one root and 49.2% presented two canals. In the analysis of internal morphology according to the Vertucci classification, type IV was the most frequent, with 39.4% in both men and women, being 41.4% on the right side and 37.4% on the left side. Similarly, type IV was significantly more frequent in men (51.1%) than women (30.5%). The most frequent number of roots was one root, and the number of canals was 2 (49.2%), followed by one canal (47.9%) and three canals (2.9%). Conclusions: The maxillary first premolars showed a predominance of one root and two canals, and the most frequent internal root morphology was Vertucci type IV in both the left and right sides in both genders.
{"title":"A cone-beam computed tomography study of the root and root canal morphology of maxillary first premolars in young Peruvians","authors":"Melissa Retamoso-Palomino, Frank Mayta-Tovalino, Carmen R. García-Rupaya","doi":"10.4103/sej.sej_5_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sej.sej_5_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an important diagnostic tool today as it allows the evaluation of the internal structures of hard tissues. This study investigated the internal root morphology of the maxillary first premolars by CBCT in a population of young Peruvians. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational, descriptive study, in which CBCT of 307 scans from patients fulfilling the selection criteria were evaluated. External and internal anatomical characteristics were evaluated in sagittal, coronal, and axial sections at different levels of the root portion, and tooth location and gender were recorded. Results: Only 52.1% presented one root and 49.2% presented two canals. In the analysis of internal morphology according to the Vertucci classification, type IV was the most frequent, with 39.4% in both men and women, being 41.4% on the right side and 37.4% on the left side. Similarly, type IV was significantly more frequent in men (51.1%) than women (30.5%). The most frequent number of roots was one root, and the number of canals was 2 (49.2%), followed by one canal (47.9%) and three canals (2.9%). Conclusions: The maxillary first premolars showed a predominance of one root and two canals, and the most frequent internal root morphology was Vertucci type IV in both the left and right sides in both genders.","PeriodicalId":21485,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Endodontic Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"231 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73986236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of post type and hydrothermal aging on the push-out bond strength of four different fiber post systems. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted human upper central incisors were treated with root canal treatment and divided into four different groups according to the treated post system (UniCore post [group U] [n = 20], Reforpost fiber [group R] [n = 20], Voco Rebilda post GT [group V] [n = 20], and EverStick post [group E] [n = 20]). The posts of teeth in all groups were divided into three parts from coronal, middle, and apical aspects. Half of the samples in all groups were subjected to hydrothermal aging (10,000 cycles). All subjects were applied to the crosshead speed push-out bond strength test at a 1-mm/min rate until being fractured. Fracture types were determined with a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-square tests statistically. Results: Bond strength values of EverStick post were significantly lower compared to the other groups (P < 0.01). In the presence/absence of hydrothermal aging, push-out bond strength in the coronal and middle regions was significantly higher compared to the apical region in all groups (P < 0.01). Bond strength values decreased in all groups following hydrothermal aging (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Push-out bond strength may be affected more negatively from coronal and middle of the tooth compared to its apical part. Hydrothermal aging may worsen the bond strength. The use of Reforpost fiber, VocoRebilda post GT, and UniCore posts may provide better bond strength compared to EverStick post.
{"title":"Comparison of the push-out bond strength of different prefabricated fiber post systems: An in vitro study","authors":"Ayşe Karabaş, G. Avcu, N. Tatar","doi":"10.4103/sej.sej_161_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sej.sej_161_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of post type and hydrothermal aging on the push-out bond strength of four different fiber post systems. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted human upper central incisors were treated with root canal treatment and divided into four different groups according to the treated post system (UniCore post [group U] [n = 20], Reforpost fiber [group R] [n = 20], Voco Rebilda post GT [group V] [n = 20], and EverStick post [group E] [n = 20]). The posts of teeth in all groups were divided into three parts from coronal, middle, and apical aspects. Half of the samples in all groups were subjected to hydrothermal aging (10,000 cycles). All subjects were applied to the crosshead speed push-out bond strength test at a 1-mm/min rate until being fractured. Fracture types were determined with a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-square tests statistically. Results: Bond strength values of EverStick post were significantly lower compared to the other groups (P < 0.01). In the presence/absence of hydrothermal aging, push-out bond strength in the coronal and middle regions was significantly higher compared to the apical region in all groups (P < 0.01). Bond strength values decreased in all groups following hydrothermal aging (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Push-out bond strength may be affected more negatively from coronal and middle of the tooth compared to its apical part. Hydrothermal aging may worsen the bond strength. The use of Reforpost fiber, VocoRebilda post GT, and UniCore posts may provide better bond strength compared to EverStick post.","PeriodicalId":21485,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Endodontic Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"148 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75138537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insights of fluid dynamics in an optimally shaped root canal system","authors":"K. Teja, S. Ramesh, K. Janani","doi":"10.4103/sej.sej_216_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sej.sej_216_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21485,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Endodontic Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"216 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82631119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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