Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care最新文献

Objective: To investigate whether mental and work-related stress predicts a one-year incidence of sick leave in a cohort of middle-aged working women.

Design: The 2016/17 survey was part of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden, with registry data information on sick leave during one year pre- and post-baseline.

Subjects: A cohort of women aged 38 and 50 in 2016/17 (n = 573; 68% participation), of which 504 women were gainfully employed and not on sick leave ± 2 weeks around baseline examination; 493 women had complete data on stress exposure.

Methods: We studied associations between self-assessed mental and work-related stress and incident sick leave of >14 days during the year following the baseline examination. We used multiple logistic regression, adjusting for age and previous sick leave, and additionally for sleep quality, well-being, and physical activity.

Results: Overall, 75 women (16%) experienced at least one period of sick leave after baseline. Permanent stress during the last five years almost tripled the risk for incident sick leave, OR = 2.8 (95% CI 1.2-6.3), independent of previous sick leave, OR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.3-4.2). Among 21 specific work-related problems, conflicts at work, OR = 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.6), and low decision latitude, OR = 1.7 (95% CI 1.0-2.9), were associated with incident sick leave. The association with conflicts at work remained upon further covariate adjustment.

Conclusion: Low decision latitude and conflicts at work are risk factors for incident sick leave among working women. The impact of conflicts at work, irrespective of own involvement, may indicate a specific vulnerability among women of interest for future interventions.

Objective: People with current or previous drug use (PCPDU) often lack long-term healthcare contacts in primary healthcare (PHC). While international research has shown negative attitudes toward PCPDU in healthcare, PHC professionals' attitudes toward PCPDU have not been assessed in Sweden. The aim of this study was to investigate PHC professionals' attitudes to PCPDU, and to compare attitudes toward people who actively use illicit drugs with those toward patients in opioid assisted treatment (OAT).

Design: In this survey study, respondents were asked for background data, and their attitudes toward patients using illicit drugs, OAT patients and patients with depression were assessed by using an adapted version of the Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS).

Setting and subjects: Nurses and physicians at primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in Skåne, Sweden.

Main outcome measures: Mean MCRS scores, dichotomized responses to MCRS items, and associations between MCRS score and background covariates (age, sex, profession and duration of professional experience).

Results: Eighty-nine PHC professionals from 13 PHCCs responded (approximately 39% of relevant workforce). The median MCRS score was 44 for patients with illicit drug use and patients in OAT, and 51 for patients with depression. Drug use and OAT displayed similar minimum, maximum and interquartile range values as well, while scores regarding depression displayed a higher minimum value and smaller spread. No significant associations were found between background covariates and MCRS scores for either drug use or OAT.

Conclusions: The results indicate widespread negative attitudes to PCPDU, with implications for health equity in the clinic. Further studies are needed to see if the results reflect attitudes in Swedish PHC in general.Key PointsPeople with current or previous drug use (PCPDU) often lack necessary primary healthcare (PHC) and are commonly subject to prejudice.Swedish PHC professionals held more negative attitudes toward PCPDU than toward patients with depression.Attitudes toward patients with active drug use and patients in opioid assisted treatment (OAT) were almost identical.Study findings have potential implications for the health of PCPDU as well as health equity in the clinic.Widespread negative attitudes to PCPDU in our sample indicate the need of larger-scale studies of attitudes toward PCPDU in Swedish PHC.

Background: Hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor with potentially harmful consequences. Home blood pressure monitoring is a promising method for following the effect of hypertension treatment. The use of technology-enabled care and increased patient involvement might contribute to more effective treatment methods. However, more knowledge is needed to explain the motivations and consequences of patients engaging in what has been called 'do-it-yourself healthcare'. Aim: This study aimed to investigate patients' experiences of home blood pressure monitoring through the theoretical frame of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT 2). Methods: The study had a qualitative design, with focus group interviews using the web-based platform Zoom. The data were analysed using qualitative deductive content analysis, inspired by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The results are presented using the seven theoretical constructs of UTAUT 2: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonistic Motivation, Price Value and Habit. We found one overarching theme ‒ 'It's all about the feeling of security'. The patients were influenced by relatives or healthcare personnel and experienced the home monitoring process as being easy to conduct. The patients emphasised that the quality of the blood pressure monitor was more important than the price. Patients reported home monitoring of blood pressure as a feasible method to follow-up care of their hypertension. Discussion: This study indicates that among motivated patients, home blood pressure measurement entails minimal effort, increases security, and leads to better communication about blood pressure between healthcare personnel and patients.

Objective: To explore possible challenges to General Practitioners' (GPs') interpersonal contact with patients in video consultations (VCs), and learn how they change their communication strategies to carry out medical work in a setting with altered sensory conditions.

Design, setting, subjects: The study included 6 GPs from the Copenhagen area, with different levels of experience of VC. The data consist of 6 interviews with GPs, held in 2021-2022. The semi-structured interviews included playback of a recorded VC between each GP and a patient, inspired by the Video-Stimulated Interview technique. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).

Results: GPs experienced alterations in the sensation of their patients in VCs, and worried about missing something important, including assessing the patient. Generally, GPs felt that interpersonal contact was good enough for the purpose. GPs compensated for altered sensory conditions on video by asking more questions, repeating their advice, and meta-communicating. They used their senses of sight and hearing relatively more in VCs. Compensation also took the form of triage, so that consultations on sensitive topics or with new patients were not selected to take place on video.

Conclusion and implications: By compensating for altered sensory conditions in VCs, GPs can carry out their medical work sufficiently well and sustain the best possible interpersonal contact. Our findings are useful for establishing ways to maintain good interpersonal contact between GPs and patients in VCs.

Objective: To explore how the parents of children with atopic dermatitis and allergic diseases such as food allergy, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and asthma experience interactions with the Danish healthcare system over time.

Design and methods: A qualitative design with individual in-depth interviews. The analysis was inspired by Systematic Text Condensation.

Subjects: Eleven parents of children with atopic dermatitis and allergic diseases who received treatment at hospitals in the Capital Region of Denmark. The families had experiences of cross-sectoral patient care.

Results: Despite having the same diseases, the children's care pathways were very different. Mapping demonstrated the intricacy of care pathways for this group of children. We identified three aspects that impacted interaction with healthcare: responsibility, tasks, and roles. The families experienced care when the distribution of tasks and responsibilities associated with treatment and system navigation were consistent with both their expectations and their actual experiences. At the same time, families frequently experienced limited collaboration between healthcare professionals resulting in perceived fragmented care and an extended role for parents as care coordinators. Families felt cared for when healthcare professionals knew both their biomedical and biographical circumstances, and adjusted the level of support and care in accordance with the families' particular needs, expectations, and evolving competences.

Conclusion: We suggest that a possible pathway to improve care may be through a partnership approach as part of family-centered care, with general practitioners having a key role in helping to articulate the individual needs and expectations of each family.

Background: In Norway, municipal acute wards (MAWs) were implemented as alternatives to hospitalisation. Evaluations of the quality of MAW services are lacking. The primary objective of this study was to compare patient experiences after admission to a MAW versus to a hospital. The secondary objective was to compare 'readmissions', 'length of stay', 'self-assessed health-related quality of life' as measured by the EuroQol 5 items 5 level (EQ-5D-5L) index, and 'health status' measured by the RAND-12, in patients admitted to a MAW versus a hospital.

Methods: A multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT), randomising patients to either MAW or hospital.

Results: In total, 164 patients were enrolled in the study; 115 were randomised to MAW and 49 to hospital. There were no significant differences between the MAW and hospital groups regarding patient experience, which was rated positively in both groups. Patients in the MAW group reported significantly better physical health status as measured by the RAND-12 four to six weeks after admittance than those randomised to hospital (physical component summary score, 31.7 versus 27.1, p = 0.04). The change in EQ-5D index score from baseline to four to six weeks after admittance was significantly greater among patients randomised to MAWs versus hospitals (0.20 versus 0.02, p = 0.03). There were no other significant differences between the MAW and hospital groups.

Conclusions: In this study, patient experiences and readmissions were similar, whether patients were admitted to a MAW or a hospital. The significant differences in health status and quality of life favouring the MAWs suggest that these healthcare services may be better for elderly patients. However, unfortunately we did not reach the planned sample size due to challenges in the data collection posed by the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background: Otomicroscopy and pneumatic methods are superior to otoscopy alone in diagnosing acute otitis media (AOM). There is a lack of knowledge regarding the use of different diagnostic methods for AOM in primary health care in Sweden and Norway.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included a questionnaire completed by general practitioners (GPs) and specialist trainees (STs/residents/registrars) working in primary care in Sweden and Norway. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the use of diagnostic methods and written advice adjusted for educational level, sex and country.

Results: Otoscopy was the most frequently used method. Sweden had greater access to the more accurate diagnostic methods. In Norway, the following methods were used to a lesser extent: pneumatic otoscopy, adjusted OR 0.15 (95% CI 0.10-0.23; p < .001), otomicroscopy, adjusted OR 0.013 (95% CI 0.070-0.027; p < .001), pneumatic otomicroscopy, adjusted OR 0.028 (95% CI 0.010-0.078; p < .001) and tympanometry, adjusted OR 0.31 (95% CI 0.21-0.45; p < .001). Written advice was used to a greater extent in Norway, adjusted OR 4.5 (95% CI 3.1-6.7; p < .001). The STs used pneumatic otoscopy and pneumatic otomicroscopy to a lesser extent, adjusted OR 0.65 (95% CI 0.45-0.93; p = .019) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.43-0.92; p = .016).

Conclusions: Swedish physicians both used and had greater access to the significantly better diagnostic methods compared with Norwegian physicians while the opposite applied to the use of written information. The GPs used pneumatic otoscopy and pneumatic otomicroscopy to a greater extent than STs. Compared with 2012, the Swedish physicians now more frequently used pneumatic otoscopy.

Background: Experience-based knowing in general practice includes advanced interpretation of subjective, complex and particular phenomena in a social context. Enabling different metapositions for reflexivity may provide the accountability needed for such knowing to be recognized as evidence-based practice.

Objective: To demonstrate and discuss the potential of substantive theories to enhance interpretation of complex challenges in clinical knowing in general practice.

Methods: We present a fictional case to demonstrate how interdisciplinary substantive theories, with a relevant and specific match to concrete questions, can situate the clinical interaction at an accountable platform. A female patient with Parkinson's disease consults her GP complaining that the disease is restraining her life and threatening her future. The GP has some new ideas from Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and introduces the patient to strategies for further action.

Findings: The case presents an example of how a relevant substantive theory may offer the GP: 1) a sharper focus for achievement: recognising the issues of fear and identity in chronic, progressive illness, 2) a subsequent position for individualized understanding of adequate strategies: encouraging physical and social activity in a well-known context, and 3) an invitation to consider further possibilities: finding ways to alleviate the burden of fear and progressive decline; engaging in joyful living.

Implications: General practice knowledge embraces a diversity of sources with different evidence power. The transparency mediated to clinical practice when supported by relevant substantive theories may contribute to recognition of experience-based knowing as evidence-based practice.

Aim: This study aimed to survey general practitioners' (GPs) and radiologists' perspectives on referrals, imaging justification, and unnecessary imaging in Norway.

Materials and methods: The survey covered access to imaging, responsibilities, attitudes toward justification assessment, referral process, and demographics using multiple choice questions, statements to report agreement with using the Likert scale and one open question.

Results: Forty radiologists and 58 GPs attending national conferences completed a web-based survey, with a 20/15% response rate, respectively. Both radiologists (97%) and GPs (100%) considered avoiding unnecessary examinations essential to their role in the healthcare service. Still, 91% of GPs admitted that they referred to imaging they thought was not helpful, while about 60% of the radiologists agreed that unnecessary imaging was conducted in their workplace. GPs reported pressure from patients and patients having private insurance as the most common reasons for doing unnecessary examinations. In contrast, radiologists reported a lack of clinical information and the inability to discuss patient cases with the GPs as the most common reasons.

Conclusion: This study adds to our understanding of radiologists' and GPs' perspectives on unnecessary imaging and referrals. Better guidelines and, even more importantly, better communication between the referrer and the radiologist are needed. Addressing these issues can reduce unnecessary imaging and improve the quality and safety of care.