Modern approaches to increasing the efficiency of solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on electrolytic membranes with mixed conductivity are considered. These approaches are based on material-science concepts (expansion of the electrolytic domain boundary due to the doping of basic oxides and development of various composite materials) and various technological solutions (application of electron-blocking layers on the anode and cathode sides, rational selection of the electrolyte thickness, and optimization of the electrolyte and electrode structures by synthesizing heterostructures). The methods of mathematical modelling of devices with an electrolytic membrane having mixed conductivity are analyzed in order to determine the most efficient design and optimal operation conditions for SOFCs. The application of nanocomposite electrolytes with a core – shell structure and salt composites is considered. Data on new design solutions — single-layer and single-chamber SOFCs — are presented. The prospects of the proposed approaches are evaluated. The bibliography includes 384 references.
{"title":"Solid oxide fuel cells based on ceramic membranes with mixed conductivity: improving efficiency","authors":"E. Pikalova, E. Kalinina","doi":"10.1070/RCR4966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR4966","url":null,"abstract":"Modern approaches to increasing the efficiency of solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on electrolytic membranes with mixed conductivity are considered. These approaches are based on material-science concepts (expansion of the electrolytic domain boundary due to the doping of basic oxides and development of various composite materials) and various technological solutions (application of electron-blocking layers on the anode and cathode sides, rational selection of the electrolyte thickness, and optimization of the electrolyte and electrode structures by synthesizing heterostructures). The methods of mathematical modelling of devices with an electrolytic membrane having mixed conductivity are analyzed in order to determine the most efficient design and optimal operation conditions for SOFCs. The application of nanocomposite electrolytes with a core – shell structure and salt composites is considered. Data on new design solutions — single-layer and single-chamber SOFCs — are presented. The prospects of the proposed approaches are evaluated. The bibliography includes 384 references.","PeriodicalId":21523,"journal":{"name":"Russian Chemical Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59008281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rempel, A. Valeeva, A. Vokhmintsev, I. Weinstein
Methods of synthesis of nanotubular structures based on titania of various phase and chemical compositions are described. A systematic account is given of known data about the influence of synthesis and subsequent treatment conditions on the amorphous and crystal structures, specific surface area, morphology and optical, luminescence and electro-physical properties of titania-based nanotubular oxide materials. The photocatalytic properties in the oxidation reactions of organic compounds and the performance characteristics of the memristive behaviour of TiO2-based nanotubular structures are considered in details. Their applications are discussed. The bibliography includes 238 references.
{"title":"Titanium dioxide nanotubes: synthesis, structure, properties and applications","authors":"A. Rempel, A. Valeeva, A. Vokhmintsev, I. Weinstein","doi":"10.1070/RCR4991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR4991","url":null,"abstract":"Methods of synthesis of nanotubular structures based on titania of various phase and chemical compositions are described. A systematic account is given of known data about the influence of synthesis and subsequent treatment conditions on the amorphous and crystal structures, specific surface area, morphology and optical, luminescence and electro-physical properties of titania-based nanotubular oxide materials. The photocatalytic properties in the oxidation reactions of organic compounds and the performance characteristics of the memristive behaviour of TiO2-based nanotubular structures are considered in details. Their applications are discussed. The bibliography includes 238 references.","PeriodicalId":21523,"journal":{"name":"Russian Chemical Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59009418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Tretyakov, V. Ovcharenko, A. Terent’ev, I. Krylov, T. Magdesieva, D. Mazhukin, N. Gritsan
In recent years, research dealing with organic paramagnetic compounds such as stable radicals and high-spin systems has been focused on applied aspects. Several key trends have formed in the application and, hence, in the function-oriented synthesis of organic radicals and polyradicals. This review addresses one of such trends in which the dominant role is played by so-called conjugated nitroxides. Their specific feature is the presence of any unsaturated moiety (C=C, C=N or C=O multiple bond; aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; fused polyaromatic system) adjacent to the nitroxide group. The achievements of the chemistry of conjugated nitroxides are presented, and their physicochemical properties, magneto-structural correlations and practical applications are discussed. The bibliography includes 641 references.
{"title":"Conjugated nitroxides","authors":"E. Tretyakov, V. Ovcharenko, A. Terent’ev, I. Krylov, T. Magdesieva, D. Mazhukin, N. Gritsan","doi":"10.1070/rcr5025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/rcr5025","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, research dealing with organic paramagnetic compounds such as stable radicals and high-spin systems has been focused on applied aspects. Several key trends have formed in the application and, hence, in the function-oriented synthesis of organic radicals and polyradicals. This review addresses one of such trends in which the dominant role is played by so-called conjugated nitroxides. Their specific feature is the presence of any unsaturated moiety (C=C, C=N or C=O multiple bond; aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; fused polyaromatic system) adjacent to the nitroxide group. The achievements of the chemistry of conjugated nitroxides are presented, and their physicochemical properties, magneto-structural correlations and practical applications are discussed. The bibliography includes 641 references.","PeriodicalId":21523,"journal":{"name":"Russian Chemical Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59010968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The review summarizes advances in the development of low-molecular-weight ligands for G-quadruplex (G4) nucleic acid structures published in the past five years. Main chemical classes of these ligands (polyaromatic compounds, macrocyclic systems, metal complexes and heterocyclic derivatives) are considered. The chemical structures of the ligands and their influence on the stabilization of quadruplexes are analyzed. Future prospects of design of G4 ligands and their applications are discussed. The bibliography includes 188 references.
{"title":"Ligands of G-quadruplex nucleic acids","authors":"D. Andreeva, A. Tikhomirov, A. Shchekotikhin","doi":"10.1070/RCR4968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR4968","url":null,"abstract":"The review summarizes advances in the development of low-molecular-weight ligands for G-quadruplex (G4) nucleic acid structures published in the past five years. Main chemical classes of these ligands (polyaromatic compounds, macrocyclic systems, metal complexes and heterocyclic derivatives) are considered. The chemical structures of the ligands and their influence on the stabilization of quadruplexes are analyzed. Future prospects of design of G4 ligands and their applications are discussed. The bibliography includes 188 references.","PeriodicalId":21523,"journal":{"name":"Russian Chemical Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59008425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Major trends in controlled radical polymerization (CRP) or reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), the most efficient method of synthesis of well-defined homo- and copolymers with specified parameters and properties, are critically analyzed. Recent advances associated with the three classical versions of CRP: nitroxide mediated polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the application of photoinitiation and photocatalysis in CRP. This approach, which has been intensively explored recently, brings synthetic methods of polymer chemistry closer to the light-induced processes of macromolecular synthesis occurring in living organisms. Examples are given of practical application of CRP techniques to obtain industrially valuable, high-tech polymeric products. The bibliography includes 429 references.
{"title":"Modern trends in controlled synthesis of functional polymers: fundamental aspects and practical applications","authors":"D. F. Grishin, I. Grishin","doi":"10.1070/RCR4964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR4964","url":null,"abstract":"Major trends in controlled radical polymerization (CRP) or reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), the most efficient method of synthesis of well-defined homo- and copolymers with specified parameters and properties, are critically analyzed. Recent advances associated with the three classical versions of CRP: nitroxide mediated polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the application of photoinitiation and photocatalysis in CRP. This approach, which has been intensively explored recently, brings synthetic methods of polymer chemistry closer to the light-induced processes of macromolecular synthesis occurring in living organisms. Examples are given of practical application of CRP techniques to obtain industrially valuable, high-tech polymeric products. The bibliography includes 429 references.","PeriodicalId":21523,"journal":{"name":"Russian Chemical Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59008572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluorescent compounds have become indispensable tools for imaging molecular activities in the living cell. 4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) is currently one of the most popular fluorescent reporters due to its unique photophysical properties. This review provides a general survey and presents a summary of recent advances in the development of new BODIPY-based cellular biomarkers and biosensors. The review starts with the consideration of the properties of BODIPY derivatives required for their application as cellular reporters. Then review provides examples of the design of sensors for different biologically important molecules, ions, membrane potential, temperature and viscosity defining the live cell status. Special attention is payed to BODPY-based phototransformable reporters. The bibliography includes 339 references.
{"title":"BODIPY derivatives as fluorescent reporters of molecular activities in living cells","authors":"V. Martynov, A. A. Pakhomov","doi":"10.1070/RCR4985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR4985","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescent compounds have become indispensable tools for imaging molecular activities in the living cell. 4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) is currently one of the most popular fluorescent reporters due to its unique photophysical properties. This review provides a general survey and presents a summary of recent advances in the development of new BODIPY-based cellular biomarkers and biosensors. The review starts with the consideration of the properties of BODIPY derivatives required for their application as cellular reporters. Then review provides examples of the design of sensors for different biologically important molecules, ions, membrane potential, temperature and viscosity defining the live cell status. Special attention is payed to BODPY-based phototransformable reporters. The bibliography includes 339 references.","PeriodicalId":21523,"journal":{"name":"Russian Chemical Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59008809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metallomacrocycles that include several metal ions with the Lewis acid properties are peculiar antipodes of crown ethers (referred to as ‘anticrowns’ in the literature). Recently these architectures have been extensively investigated when searching for efficient and selective anion receptors. In this review, we analyze the data on the molecular and crystal structures of supramolecular complexes of mercury-containing macrocycles (hosts) with anions or neutral nucleophiles (guests). The emphasis is on the identification and systematization of the structure types of complexes in dependence of the guest molecule nature, as well as the macrocycle composition and structure. The factors affecting the selectivity of coordination and competitive ability of various electron donor moieties of guest molecules to binding to the macrocycle are considered. The data in the literature on the nonvalent host – guest and host – host interactions, which are responsible for the formation of molecular complexes and their supramolecular association in crystals, are analyzed. The formulated structural regularities of these coordination compounds with an unusual type of molecular architecture open ways to design directly promising molecular materials on their basis. The bibliography includes 161 references.
{"title":"Structural chemistry of host – guest molecular architectures based on mercury-containing macrocycles","authors":"F. M. Dolgushin, I. Eremenko","doi":"10.1070/RCR4998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR4998","url":null,"abstract":"Metallomacrocycles that include several metal ions with the Lewis acid properties are peculiar antipodes of crown ethers (referred to as ‘anticrowns’ in the literature). Recently these architectures have been extensively investigated when searching for efficient and selective anion receptors. In this review, we analyze the data on the molecular and crystal structures of supramolecular complexes of mercury-containing macrocycles (hosts) with anions or neutral nucleophiles (guests). The emphasis is on the identification and systematization of the structure types of complexes in dependence of the guest molecule nature, as well as the macrocycle composition and structure. The factors affecting the selectivity of coordination and competitive ability of various electron donor moieties of guest molecules to binding to the macrocycle are considered. The data in the literature on the nonvalent host – guest and host – host interactions, which are responsible for the formation of molecular complexes and their supramolecular association in crystals, are analyzed. The formulated structural regularities of these coordination compounds with an unusual type of molecular architecture open ways to design directly promising molecular materials on their basis. The bibliography includes 161 references.","PeriodicalId":21523,"journal":{"name":"Russian Chemical Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59009306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data on the applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy in the transmission (mainly on 57Fe nuclei) and emission (on 57Co nuclei) variants for analytical studies at the molecular level of metal-containing components in a wide range of biological objects (from biocomplexes and biomacromolecules to supramolecular structures, cells, tissues and organisms) and of objects that are participants or products of biological processes, published in the last 15 years are discussed and systematized. The prospects of the technique in its biological applications, including the developing fields (emission variant, use of synchrotron radiation), are formulated. The bibliography includes 248 references.
{"title":"Bioanalytical applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy","authors":"A. Kamnev, A. Tugarova","doi":"10.1070/RCR5006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR5006","url":null,"abstract":"Data on the applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy in the transmission (mainly on 57Fe nuclei) and emission (on 57Co nuclei) variants for analytical studies at the molecular level of metal-containing components in a wide range of biological objects (from biocomplexes and biomacromolecules to supramolecular structures, cells, tissues and organisms) and of objects that are participants or products of biological processes, published in the last 15 years are discussed and systematized. The prospects of the technique in its biological applications, including the developing fields (emission variant, use of synchrotron radiation), are formulated. The bibliography includes 248 references.","PeriodicalId":21523,"journal":{"name":"Russian Chemical Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59010144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Antipin, M. Alfimov, V. Arslanov, V. Burilov, S. Vatsadze, Y. Voloshin, K. Volcho, V. Gorbatchuk, Yulia G. Gorbunova, S. P. Gromov, S. V. Dudkin, S. Zaitsev, L. Zakharova, M. Ziganshin, A. Zolotukhina, M. Kalinina, E. Karakhanov, R. Kashapov, O. Koifman, A. Konovalov, V. Korenev, A. Maksimov, N. Mamardashvili, G. Mamardashvili, A. Martynov, A. Mustafina, R. Nugmanov, A. Ovsyannikov, P. Padnya, A. Potapov, S. Selektor, M. Sokolov, S. Solovieva, I. Stoikov, P. Stuzhin, E. Suslov, E. N. Ushakov, V. Fedin, S. Fedorenko, O. Fedorova, Y. Fedorov, S. Chvalun, A. Tsivadze, S. Shtykov, D. Shurpik, M. A. Shcherbina, L. Yakimova
The interest in functional supramolecular systems for the design of innovative materials and technologies, able to fundamentally change the world, is growing at a high pace. The huge array of publications that appeared in recent years in the global literature calls for systematization of the structural trends inherent in the formation of these systems revealed at different molecular platforms and practically useful properties they exhibit. The attention is concentrated on the topics related to functional supramolecular systems that are actively explored in institutes and universities of Russia in the last 10–15 years, such as the chemistry of host–guest complexes, crystal engineering, self-assembly and self-organization in solutions and at interfaces, biomimetics and molecular machines and devices. The bibliography includes 1714 references.
{"title":"Functional supramolecular systems: design and applications","authors":"I. Antipin, M. Alfimov, V. Arslanov, V. Burilov, S. Vatsadze, Y. Voloshin, K. Volcho, V. Gorbatchuk, Yulia G. Gorbunova, S. P. Gromov, S. V. Dudkin, S. Zaitsev, L. Zakharova, M. Ziganshin, A. Zolotukhina, M. Kalinina, E. Karakhanov, R. Kashapov, O. Koifman, A. Konovalov, V. Korenev, A. Maksimov, N. Mamardashvili, G. Mamardashvili, A. Martynov, A. Mustafina, R. Nugmanov, A. Ovsyannikov, P. Padnya, A. Potapov, S. Selektor, M. Sokolov, S. Solovieva, I. Stoikov, P. Stuzhin, E. Suslov, E. N. Ushakov, V. Fedin, S. Fedorenko, O. Fedorova, Y. Fedorov, S. Chvalun, A. Tsivadze, S. Shtykov, D. Shurpik, M. A. Shcherbina, L. Yakimova","doi":"10.1070/RCR5011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR5011","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in functional supramolecular systems for the design of innovative materials and technologies, able to fundamentally change the world, is growing at a high pace. The huge array of publications that appeared in recent years in the global literature calls for systematization of the structural trends inherent in the formation of these systems revealed at different molecular platforms and practically useful properties they exhibit. The attention is concentrated on the topics related to functional supramolecular systems that are actively explored in institutes and universities of Russia in the last 10–15 years, such as the chemistry of host–guest complexes, crystal engineering, self-assembly and self-organization in solutions and at interfaces, biomimetics and molecular machines and devices. The bibliography includes 1714 references.","PeriodicalId":21523,"journal":{"name":"Russian Chemical Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59010589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Condensation of 1- or 2-indanones and 1,3-indandiones with aromatic or heteroaromatic carbaldehydes gives products that demonstrate various transformations and effects of general interest for organic chemistry. In the present review, phenomena such as tautomerism, E/Z-isomerization, π-conjugation, hydrogen bonding, and homo- and heteroassociation are considered. The relative stability of various isomers of cyclic chalcones is shown to be determined by the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in their molecules and the formation of associates. The same effects also result in the formation of unusual, otherwise unstable tautomers, such as 2H-indazoles. The hydrogen bonding-assisted keto-enol and E/Z-isomerization are analyzed. A novel, specific type of conjugation for the studied compounds was proposed and termed ‘roundabout’ conjugation. The bibliography includes 101 references.
{"title":"Hydrogen bonding-assisted transformations of cyclic chalcones: E/Z-isomerization, self-association and unusual tautomerism","authors":"B. Shainyan, M. Sigalov","doi":"10.1070/RCR5035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR5035","url":null,"abstract":"Condensation of 1- or 2-indanones and 1,3-indandiones with aromatic or heteroaromatic carbaldehydes gives products that demonstrate various transformations and effects of general interest for organic chemistry. In the present review, phenomena such as tautomerism, E/Z-isomerization, π-conjugation, hydrogen bonding, and homo- and heteroassociation are considered. The relative stability of various isomers of cyclic chalcones is shown to be determined by the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in their molecules and the formation of associates. The same effects also result in the formation of unusual, otherwise unstable tautomers, such as 2H-indazoles. The hydrogen bonding-assisted keto-enol and E/Z-isomerization are analyzed. A novel, specific type of conjugation for the studied compounds was proposed and termed ‘roundabout’ conjugation. The bibliography includes 101 references.","PeriodicalId":21523,"journal":{"name":"Russian Chemical Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59011432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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