Russian Journal of Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Complicated ways of diagnosing common variable immune deficiency (case report)","authors":"O. Moskalets","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1173-cwo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1173-cwo","url":null,"abstract":"Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most frequent forms of primary immunodeficiencies with predominant antibody deficiency. Unlike most other primary immunodeficiencies, this variant often manifests in adults thus creating certain difficulties in its detection. Manifestations of common variable immune deficiency are very diverse: infectious syndrome (respiratory tract infections, septic arthritis), diarrheal clinical pattern of both infectious and non-infectious genesis, autoimmune syndrome (autoimmune cytopenias, systemic rheumatic diseases), lymphoproliferative syndrome (benign lymphoid proliferation, lymphomas), interstitial lung disease and sarcoidosis-like granulomatous changes are quite common. Due to the lack of a distinct clinical pattern, the common variable immunodeficiency is often diagnosed too late. Such patients are observed for a long time by various specialists, and the absence of pathogenetic therapy (intravenous immunoglobulins) leads to steady progression of the disease and, often, to lethal outcome. The article presents a clinical observation illustrating the difficulties in making this diagnosis. A woman hospitalized with pneumonia presented with a mass in colonic submucosa. After excluding tuberculosis and lymphoma, a diagnosis of colon lipoma was made on the basis of histological examination. A few years later, the patients submandibular lymph nodes were periodically enlarged. Upon repeated histological examination, the diagnosis of granulomatous necrotizing lymphadenitis was established, the patient was referred to a rheumatologist to rule out systemic vasculitis. This diagnosis was not confirmed, but further examination revealed a sharp decrease in the gamma fraction of serum proteins. Therefore, an immunologists counseling was recommended to rule out immunodeficiency. The following blood serum analysis revealed an extremely low IgG and IgM content, with absence of detectable immunoglobulin A. On the basis of these findings, the diagnosis of common variable immune deficiency was made for the first time. Replacement therapy with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins with control of pre-transfusion Ig levels was recommended, with further transition to a supporting treatment schedule. Hence, one may state that general practitioners are still poorly aware of primary immunodeficiencies, especially if non-infectious manifestations dominating in the clinical pattern. Routine analysis of total protein content and protein fractions can provide information that allows to suspect deficiency of antibodies and, therefore, to assess contents of distinct serum immunoglobulins in order to confirm CVID diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76750344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HBD1 and LL37 gene expression in children with atopic dermatitis","authors":"E. Bystritskaya, N. Murashkin, A. I. Materikin, E. Naumova, I. V. Yakovleva, N. Vartanova, O. Svitich","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1194-hal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1194-hal","url":null,"abstract":"Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial genetically determined inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching, chronic course, age-related features of localization and lesion morphology. Atopic dermatitis is caused by complex interactions between genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The barrier function of the skin is impaired in atopic dermatitis. Antimicrobial peptides, e.g., LL-37, b-defensins are involved in maintaining the skin barrier function (especially, intercellular contacts). An imbalance of antimicrobial peptides may cause different disorders, including allergic pathologies. The aim of this study is to investigate gene expression profile of the HBD1 and LL37 encoding antimicrobial peptides in the samples of skin and blood mononuclear cells obtained from the children with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis before and after treatment. By means of real-time polymerase chain reaction, the levels of HBD1 and LL37 gene expression were evaluated in the samples. Statistical analysis showed significantly increased (p 0.017) expression levels of both HBD1 (H-test = 24.76; 2, n = 72; p = 0.00001), and LL37 genes (H-test = 15.69; 2, n = 72; p = 0.00039) in blood cells of AD patients compared to the control group, as well as decreased (p 0.05) levels of HBD1 expression in the affected skin compared to the control group. Our data on the cathelicidin gene in the skin do not differ from the literature data, since its expression is reduced in AD. In our series, an increase of the gene expression was revealed in PBMCs. The HBD1 peptide is expressed in both monocytes and macrophages, representing a link between innate and adaptive immunity. In our study, the expression of the HBD1 gene was increased only in blood, thus suggesting activation of innate immunity components at the systemic level in response to inflammation. Of importance, understanding the role of immunological markers in AD will help to develop novel prognostic approaches in management of the patients with atopic disorders. Therefore, one should understand pathogenetic mechanisms of allergic diseases.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86973781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic features of innate lymphoid cells in rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"O. Boeva, M. T. Berishvili, A. Sizikov, E. Pashkina","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1184-pfo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1184-pfo","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered among the most common autoimmune diseases worldwide, being associated with progressing disability, systemic organ and tissue lesions, as well as social and economic losses for the state. Studies of innate lymphoid cells (ILS) seems to be actual and significant when studying development of autoimmune inflammation in RA, in particular, the issues of the cell plasticity. ILC represent tissue resident lymphoid cells that display functional diversity, like as T cells. Moreover, ILC regulate orientation of immune response by means of cytokine production. Small amounts of ILCs are present in the bloodstream, presumably for migration to target organs and tissues. Accordingly, the study of ILC in RA will promote understanding of the RA pathogenesis. It is also possible in the future to develop new therapeutic strategies based on the impact on the immunological balance, as well as reducing the inflammatory process in RA. The aim of this study was to determine the subpopulation composition and phenotypic features of ILCs in RA. \u0000We have isolated and studied peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 7 patients with RA and 6 healthy donors. The isolated blood MNCs were stained with monoclonal antibodies conjugated to fluorochromes: lineage-specific (CD3/14/16/19/20/56) and anti-FceR1 alpha-FITC, anti-CD294-APC/Cy7, anti-CD127-PerCP/Cy5.5, anti-CD336-PE, anti-CD117-APC. ILCs were defined as Lin-CD127+. The numbers of CD294+ILCs (ILC2) were estimated in the general population, CD117-CD294-ILCs were defined as ILC1, and CD117+CD294-ILCs, as ILC3. The cell phenotype was analyzed with a FACS Canto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, USA). \u0000We determined relative numbers of different ILC subpopulations (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) among the total blood MNCs. It was shown, that the number of ILC2 cells in RA patients was statistically significantly reduced compared to healthy donors, whereas no significant differences in percentage of ILC1 and ILC3 were revealed between donors and patients. We also evaluated the amount of c-Kit+ILC2; there were no significant differences in the proportion of these cells between donors and patients. \u0000ILCs represent a population of cells that contribute to the RA pathogenesis. The role of ILC2 in RA is, presumably, protective. The ILC imbalance may contribute to the development of RA. For a better understanding of the RA pathogenesis, further studies of the subpopulation profile, phenotypic and functional characteristics of ILC are required in this disorder.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78086819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical genetic counselling and rehabilitation treatment of a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome after COVID-19","authors":"N. Ponomareva, R. Koshelev, V. V. Lazarev, A. Kochetkov","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1166-cgc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1166-cgc","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a clinical case of rehabilitation after the development of GuillainBarr syndrome, an acute autoimmune inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, in a patient who underwent a SARS CoV-2 infection. The patient previously manifested with severe comorbidities (arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stenosing atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic arteries). A diagnostic panel of single nucleotide gene polymorphisms associated with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, immunopathology, pharmacogenetics was applied using PCR-RT Genetic Passport test system, and the results were interpreted in order to predict potential complications, adverse drug reactions and the choice of biomarkers for preventive measures. We have compared clinical manifestations, comorbid background and the identified genotype features, as follows: minor homo- and heterozygous variants of ACE, AGT, CYP1A2, NOS3, PPARD, EDN, PALLD, SNX19 genes associated with predisposition to cardiovascular diseases, increasing the risk of dysregulation of blood pressure, development of endothelial dysfunction. The following gene variants were revealed: FXII, ITGA2, ITGB3, MTHFR, MTRR, MTR, PAI-1 that increase the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis, along with gene variants of ADRB3, FTO, INSIG2, KCNG11, LEP, PPARD, TCF7L2, ApoC3, PON1 associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders; polymorphisms in the genes determining the immune response, i.e., IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, CDH1, BDNF1, CRP, CCR5 (with del32 allele considered a risk factor of severe SARS-CoV-2), homozygous polymorphism of a gene of FCGR2 associated with risk of antigen-antibody-complement-mediated cytotoxicity, circulation arrest, deposition of immune complexes in endothelium of microvessels, decreased antithrombotic effects and increased procoagulant activity. Pharmacogenetic study revealed a variant of the CYP4F2 gene, a CYP2C19 gene polymorphism associated with delayed metabolism of a number of pharmaceuticals which requires higher drug dosage, or choosing a drug with a different mechanism of action; gene variants of CYP1A2, GSTP1, GSTT1 reducing efficiency of the cellular detoxification system; NAT2*5 and NAT2*6 variants determining a decrease in appropriate enzyme activities when administering a standard dose of drugs with slowdown of their detoxification, accumulation of toxic metabolites causing clinical adverse effects (hepatotoxicity, dyspepsia, lupus-like syndrome, polyneuritis). Based on the genotype that determines pathogenesis of the multifactorial pathology (including immune-mediated complications of COVID-19), a personalized approach is recommended to the patient, in terms of treatment and prevention of complications. On the basis of testing the biochemical, immunological and blood coagulation biomarkers, an adequate choice of pharmaceuticals is recommended for the patient.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74445992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content of PD-1+ and PD-L1+ peripheral blood lymphocytes in individuals with pollen sensitization before and after allergen-specific immunotherapy","authors":"M. Barkovskaya, P. V. Sevastyanov, D. V. Demina, V. Kozlov","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1192-cop","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1192-cop","url":null,"abstract":"The available data on the contribution of the PD-1 and its ligands to immunoregulatory processes suggest their involvement into development of tolerance during immunotherapy. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the single treatment option that can influence the outcome of allergic diseases. Our purpose was to evaluate the PD-1/PD-L1 expression on the immune cells in patients with confirmed sensitization to plant pollen allergens in comparison with healthy controls before and after ASIT. The patients with bronchial asthma (BA) (n = 5, age 33.82.7), allergic rhinitis (AR) (n = 7, age 31.62.8), and healthy donors (n = 12, age 32.81.8) were included. Venous blood samples were obtained from the patients three times: before starting ASIT, upon completion of the ASIT course, and during the period of seasonal exacerbation. In patients with AR, the number of B lymphocytes was decreased, and the expression of PD-L1 by B lymphocytes increased after ASIT in comparison with donor parameters. At the same time, B lymphocyte counts were increased in BA patients before ASIT and returned to normal after ASIT. In AR, the CD8+PD-1+T lymphocyte count was reduced before ASIT, however, returning to normal values after ASIT was completed. Meanwhile, the reduced number of CD4+PD-1+T lymphocytes returned to normal only during the pollination season following ASIT. In BA patients, both before or after ASIT, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes did not differ from the donor parameters. The PD-1 expression in the T regulatory cells (Tregs) was decreased comparing with donors before ASIT in BA, and in the patients with AR, both before and after treatment. It was shown earlier that low PD-1 expression in the circulating CD4+ T cells is associated with high specific IgE concentrations. Thus, low PD-1 levels on CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells may indicate their functional disorders in allergic pathology. In summary, our results show a regulatory role of PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the immune response during ASIT and reflect differences in pathogenesis of allergic disorders, which are associated with imbalance of the cell activation and suppression. Further studies are required to establish the role of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions in the process of ASIT-induced modification of allergic responses.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89707326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental in vitro reprogramming of transformed phenotype of neutrophil granulocyte subpopulations in women with chronic recurrent infectious and inflammatory conditions of genital tract","authors":"S. Kovaleva, S. N. Pikturno, G. Chudilova, L. Lomtatidze, V. Krutova, V. Malinovskaya, I. Nesterova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1205-eiv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1205-eiv","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs (CIDPO) in women represent one of the urgent and insufficiently studied problems in gynecology across the world. These disorders are followed by adverse medical and socio-economic consequences, i.e., chronic local inflammatory process, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, ectopic pregnancy, infertility. Due to increasing chronicity and recurrence rates of genital infections and inflammatory diseases, there is a need for further studying the effector and regulatory mechanisms of immune system. Of special relevance are the studies of the receptor transformation in neutrophilic granulocytes (NG), the basic population of antimicrobial defense, with further substantiation of targeted immunomodulatory therapy. Purpose of the present study was to assess transformation of neutrophilic granulocytes from CD11b+CD64-CD32+CD16+ to that CD11b+CD64+CD32+CD16+ phenotype in immunocompromised women with CIDPO exacerbation, as well as to evaluate the possibility of in vitro reprogramming the neutrophile phenotype under the action of recombinant interferon (recIFN2b). Peripheral blood neutrophils were tested in the comparison group of 10 conditionally healthy women 20 to 40 years old, and in 17 women (20-40 years old) with the CIDPO exacerbation (group 1). The in vitro effect of recIFNa2b on the blood neutrophils was evaluated for 17 women with CIDPO (group 2). Flow cytometric technique (FCT, CYTOMICS FC500, Beckman Coulter, USA) was used to determine the number of NGs and cell receptor expression levels of neutrophilic CD11b+CD64-CD32+CD16+NG and CD11b+CD64+CD32+CD16+ subpopulations. In peripheral blood of women with CIDPO exacerbation, an increased expression density of surface membrane molecules was revealed by means of FCT: in the subpopulation CD11b+CD64-CD32+CD16+NG, CD16 proved to be 91.7% higher; in CD11b+CD64+CD32+CD16+NG subpopulation, CD16 was increased by 116%, and CD32 being higher by 81% against the comparison group. In the in vitro system, during the incubation of PB with recIFN2b (group 2), we have revealed an increased number of CD11b+CD64-CD32+CD16+ subpopulation relative to the comparison group and group 1, and significantly increased expression density of CD16 (by 212%); CD11b (by 56%), and CD32 (by 83%) than in comparison group, as well as higher density of CD16 expression by 163%; CD11b (by 223%) compared to group 1. The changes in expression density of membrane molecules was also detected by FCT for the activated subpopulation CD11b+CD64+CD32+CD16+NG, i.e., an increase in CD16 by 232% against control group, and decreased expression density of CD64 by 150% against the background, along with increased density of CD16 expression (by 54%), and CD11b (by 103%), relative to group 1, thus suggesting a reprogramming of negatively transformed NC phenotype. These findings may be considered a positive immunomodulatory effect providing a basis for further research in order to develop new integrated approaches t","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89970654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between the factors of innate immune system and results of neurocognitive function parameters in the persons living with HIV infection: interim results of the study","authors":"S. Knysh, L. F. Sklyar, Yu.S. Cherkasova, A. A. Chernikova, A. A. Knysh, T. Nevezhkina, E. Chagina","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1176-rbt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1176-rbt","url":null,"abstract":"HIV infection is closely associated with damage to the nervous system, even despite usage of antiretroviral therapy. Thus, the patients are at a high risk for neurological complications. Due to limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier, the opportunity of its damage, both directly by the proteins of HIV-infected cells and indirectly, by immune system, e.g., inducing the production of inflammatory mediators, the involvement of the central nervous system in pathogenesis of HIV infection seems to be only a matter of time. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) comprise a poly-etiological pathological condition associated with direct and indirect damage to neurons in HIV infection. The role of interaction between the innate immune system and nervous system mediators in viral infections suggests that the specific changes in content and ratios of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that are among the most polypotent mediators of immune regulation can be detectable in the persons prone to the development of HAND in HIV infection. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the features of serum content and the relationship between the indexes of innate immunity factors with the results of neurocognitive testing in the persons living with HIV. \u0000123 persons were included in the study, of which 93 subjects live with HIV infection. They were divided into 3 groups according to the stages of HIV infection, according to the Russian Classification of HIV infection. 30 persons represented a group of healthy volunteers, comparable in age and gender with the members of main groups, and served as a control group. Determination of IL-1 and IL-10 contents in blood serum was carried out by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. The level of CD4+T lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. Neurocognitive testing using Schulte tables, the Munsterberg test was conducted by a medical psychologist, according to generally accepted methods. \u0000A significant increase in the serum IL-10 content in subjects from the main groups was revealed as compared with the control group, as well as in group III compared with the values groups I and II. The levels of IL- 1, CD4+T lymphocytes were significantly lower in group III, compared with all other groups. The personal performance index determined by testing with Schulte tables was reduced in all groups, relative to the controls, with a significant predominance of the results in groups I and II over the results of the participants from group III. The scores in Munsterberg test were equally diminished in all the main groups compared to the control values. When assessing the Spearman coefficient, the presence of various correlation profiles was established, depending on the stage of the disease.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87950263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies of CD45+ and CD46+ expression on the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of the post-COVID patients","authors":"M. Dobrynina, A. Zurochka, M. Komelkova, S. Luo, V. Zurochka, H. Desheng, L. Ryabova, Alexey Sarapultsev","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1160-soc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1160-soc","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus can enter the cells using S1 viral spike (S) protein, not only by binding to ACE2, but also through other cellular receptors. These candidate receptors include CD46, which, like CD45, belongs to pan-leukocyte receptors and is expressed on all types of lymphocytes. In turn, SARS-CoV-2 infection is accompanied by damage to almost all compartments of the immune system, mainly T lymphocytes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the expression levels of CD45+ and CD46+ in various subpopulations of lymphocytes in patients who had undergone SARS-CoV-2 infection. \u000072 patients who had undergone SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined. Using flow cytometry technique, we determined CD45+ and CD46+ (panleukocyte marker for lymphocyte gating), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+ (T lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD4+ (helper inducers), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD8+ (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD56+ (TNK cells) CD45+ and CD46+, CD3-, CD56+ (natural killers), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3-, CD19+ (B lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD4+, CD25+ (activated helpers, early activation of lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, HLA-DR (activated T lymphocytes late activation of lymphocytes). Our studies have shown that a decrease in CD46+ expression in T lymphocytes (CD3+) is accompanied by similar decrease of its expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD8+), TNK (CD3+, CD56+), as well as in helpers T carrying markers of early activation (CD3+, CD4+, CD25+). At the same time, the most pronounced decrease was observed both among total T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells. In these patients, the expression level of CD46+ in B lymphocytes was slightly increased. Recent data suggest that there is no involvement of CD46 receptor on B lymphocytes. Our data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may affect the CD46 receptor. Such exposure may lead to promotion of the long-COVID (post-COVID) symptoms in such patients, thus requiring new approaches to correction of these disorders.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88024847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of immune system parameters in development of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in a patient with common variable immune deficiency","authors":"L. Sizyakina, I. Andreeva, M. Kharitonova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1163-doi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1163-doi","url":null,"abstract":"With the accumulation of data on the evolving SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic, it became clear that the risk factors for severe course of COVID-19 among the patients with primary immunodeficiency include disorders associated with dysregulation of the immune response. In this regard, it is of interest to identify possible predictors of the pronounced inflammatory reaction upon infection with coronavirus in the patients with general variable immune insufficiency. For this purpose, the dynamics of immune system parameters was studied in a patient with CVID who underwent a severe clinical variant of COVID-19, as an example of clinical case. \u0000We present patient K., 49 years old, with CVID diagnosis verified at the age of 35 years who received regular replacement therapy with IVIG. He suffered from COVID-19 in severe form, received anti-cytokine therapy and an additional course of IVIG during the treatment. He was discharged in satisfactory condition. The quantitative and functional parameters of the T and B lineages of immune system were evaluated by flow cytofluorimetry during routine examinations before the infection and three months after the discharge from the hospital after COVID-19. It has been shown that, before the disease, there were changes in the parameters of B cells characteristic of CVID manifesting as a decrease in switched-memory B cells and plasmoblasts. Alterations in the T cell subsets were also revealed, as redistribution of the subpopulation composition towards T effectors with an increased cytolytic potential of these cells and a weakening of T cell suppression, due to decreased Treg in peripheral blood. After undergoing COVID-19, the patient developed specific IgM and IgG antibodies. The development of immune response was accompanied by an increase in the number of un-switched and switched memory B cells. At the same time, we have registered an increase in memory T cells ready for the proliferative response of T helper cells and Treg cells. The initial pro-inflammatory pattern of the T cell lineage system in our patient with CVID is explained by the implementation of the compensatory capabilities of the immune system, thus leading to activation of the cytolytic effects of cellular compartment in adaptive immune response, along with attenuation of the humoral component. Moreover, it is likely that these changes contributed to the clinical course of COVID-19 in this clinical case. Development of a specific humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with CVID after a COVID-19 infection is accompanied by an increased proportion of memory B cells, coordinated dynamics of T cell suppression and activation parameters.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88304909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of immune status in children with Wilson–Konovalov disease at different stages of liver fibrosis","authors":"O. Kurbatova, D. Kuptsova, L. M. Bezrukavnikova, T. Radygina, G. Movsisyan, A. Anushenko, A. D. Komarova, A. Potapov, S. Petrichuk, A. Fisenko","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1193-foi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1193-foi","url":null,"abstract":"The pathology in WilsonConovalov disease (WCD) results from impaired excretion of copper, thus leading to its excessive accumulation in tissues. Hypercupreniluria is characteristic to the WCD. Toxic effects of copper on liver tissue can manifest as fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Purpose of the present work was as follows: estimation of immune status in children with WD depending on the stage of liver fibrosis. Fifty-three patients with WCD aged 6 to 18 years, were examined. The stage of liver fibrosis was assessed by transient liver elastography using FibroScan F502 (EchoSence, France). The immune status of peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined using CYTOMICS FC500 flow cytofluorimeter (Beckman Coulter, USA). The relative numbers of B lymphocytes (B1 and B2 populations), NK cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Th17 lymphocytes, regulatory T cells, activated T helper cells were assessed in the lymphoid area. All indices of the patients immune status were recalculated for percentage of deviation from the age-dependent reference values. Mass concentration of copper in daily urine was determined by atomic absorption method using AAnalyst 800 spectrometer. Statistical processing was performed by Statistica10.0 program. The WCD patients are characterized by an increase of Т helpers, regulatory Т cells, Th17 lymphocytes and activated Т helpers, along with decrease of cytotoxic Т lymphocytes and NK cells against normal levels. The number of B cells did not depend on the stage of liver fibrosis and was at the lower limit of normal range, or decreased. Upon increase of the liver fibrosis stage, the number of B1 lymphocytes increases and B2 lymphocytes become decreased. The urinary copper content in the examined patients varied from 19 to 835 g/day, being higher than the reference values in 88% of children, with median value of 175 g/day (71-330). A correlation between urinary copper concentration and degree of immune status deviation was revealed (R = 0.63): urinary copper concentration was increased when the number of Th17 lymphocytes, B1 lymphocytes and regulatory T cells became higher, and when the number of B2 lymphocytes decreased. A significant decrease in the population of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (p = 0.034) was observed in children with WCD in the presence of KaiserFleischer ring. Indexes of cellular immunity in children with WCD are an informative tool to assess the severity of liver damage.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88446975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}