Russian Journal of Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Role of cytokines, neuropeptids and matrix metalloproteinases in the immunopathogenesis of retinal neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy","authors":"M. P. Ruchkin, E. Markelova, G. A. Fedyashev, V. N. Yuschyuk","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1157-roc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1157-roc","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered both a vascular lesion, as well as a neurodegenerative disease. The normal functioning of the glia and retinal neurons depends on the balance between the cytokine system, neurotrophic factors and matrix metalloproteinases. The disorders that occur in these systems are assigned an important role in many neurodegenerative processes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the levels of IL-1, IL-17A, TNF, IFN, IL-10, TGF-1, TGF-2, TGF-3, MMP- 2, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, S100b protein, BDNF and NGF in the serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with signs of retinal neurodegeneration, and to identify additional immunological markers for diagnosis and prediction of their clinical course. The study included 80 patients with endocrinogically verified diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. All subjects were examined at an optical coherent tomograph RTVue-100 (USA), and the volume of focal loss of retinal ganglion cells (FLV) was determined. According to its results, the patients of the main group were divided into 2 subgroups. The first group included 22 persons in whom the FLV indexes did not show significant differences from the controls. The second group included 58 patients with a significantly larger FLV volume. In the subgroup of patients with high level of focal GCS loss, a significant increase in the level of IL-1 and IL-10 deficiency was revealed in comparison with the controls, and the subgroup without significant losses of GCS over the entire observation period. TGF-3 deficiency was found in patients of subgroup 2 versus controls and subgroup 1. An imbalance in the tissue proteolysis system was revealed, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 levels were elevated, and MMP-7 levels were decreased in both subgroups compared to controls. When analyzing serum contents of neurospecific proteins in the group of patients with OCT signs of retinal neurodegeneration, high levels of the S100b protein and NGF were revealed, in contrast to the control group and subgroup 1.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89014279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population immunity in residents of the Kaliningrad region to current antigenic variants of influenza viruses over 2018-2021","authors":"A. Goncharov, O. A. Egorenkova, V. Shupletsova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1170-pii","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1170-pii","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of population immunity assessment in residents of the Kaliningrad region to current antigenic variants of influenza viruses over the period of 2018 to 2021. To assess spectrum of influenza types circulating in Kaliningrad region, the real-time PCR method was used using AmpliSense reagent kits. The biological material for the study was obtained from oropharyngeal swabs from the persons who applied to polyclinics with inflammatory diseases of upper respiratory tract, or underwent treatment at the out- or inpatient basis in a healthcare facilities of Kaliningrad region. Humoral immunity was assessed by testing blood sera obtained from healthy residents of Kaliningrad region during periodic prophylactic examinations at the city and regional polyclinics. The study of residents covered all age groups. For the period of 2018-2021, more than 14,000 studies have been carried out. Determination of specific serum antibody titers was carried out by staging the hemagglutination suppression reaction using local influenza antigens (LLC PPDP, St. Petersburg). Antibody titers of 1/40 and higher were considered sufficient to reduce the risk of disease by 50%. During the study period, 2165 cases of influenza were confirmed in the region by laboratory tests. Over the study period, the A(H1N1) pdm serotype proved to be the major strain causing influenza, its proportion reached 57.5%. However, along with A(H1N1) pdm, a significant contribution was also made the A(H3N2) strain to the epidemic process, being the etiological cause of influenza infection in 2019 (42.2%), type B influenza strains being actual in 2020 (42.5%). Over the period of 2018-2021, 420 samples of blood sera from vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals were tested for specific antibodies. The sera were taken 1-2 months after vaccination and between epidemic rises of influenza (April-May). In vaccinated individuals, the antibody titer was protective in 58.3-64.5%. In this group of persons, the titer sufficient to produce immunity was maintained over the spring/summer period. Among those persons who refused vaccination, a protective antibody titer in the pre-epidemic period was noted in 41.2% of the examined, and during the off-season it was detected in 37.4% of the volunteers. Thus, the A(H1N1) pdm strain was the main etiological factor of influenza in Kaliningrad Region in 2018-2021. The protective level of antibodies in vaccinated population over the period preceding the epidemic peak, was observed 30% more often than in unvaccinated individuals. High incidence of influenza B strains noted in 2020 appears to require a change of specific vaccine preparation.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91005686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokines of the IL-6 family, adiponectin and leptin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome during the post-COVID period","authors":"O. Radaeva, A. Simbirtsev, Y. Kostina, E. Negodnova, D. D. Besheynov, S. V. Mashnina, V. Eremeev","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1174-cot","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1174-cot","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a multisystem disease, but the extent of its consequences is currently poorly understood, especially in the persons with metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the special changes in the cytokines of IL-6 family (IL-6 and sIL-6, LIF and sLIFr), adiponectin and leptin within 360 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), to discern features of immunopathogenesis depending on previous vaccination against COVID-19. \u0000We have classified the patients in two groups: (1) patients with MetS who underwent COVID-19 6-12 months after full-course vaccination with a vector vaccine (n = 32); (2) patients with MetS who underwent COVID-19 without story of vaccination (n = 29). Control group included conditionally healthy individuals without MetS: (3) vaccinated, and (4) non-vaccinated, who also had COVID-19. The levels of IL-6 and sIL-6, LIF and sLIFr, leptin and adiponectin, NO, ADMA, SDMA were determined by ELISA technique. \u0000In patients with MetS, changes in cytokine regulation towards proinflammatory reactions were revealed (an increase in blood IL-6 and leptin levels), which was most pronounced in MetS within first 30 days post-COVID, but with a number of changes which remained for 12 months (e.g., increased leptin concentration in blood). Vaccination against COVID-19 reduced the severity of pro-inflammatory changes in the sIL- 6r/ IL-6 and leptin/adiponectin systems towards protective adiponectin. However, the persistent increase in leptin was not canceled. When interpreting these results, no negative differences were revealed in the group of once vaccinated individuals with MetS, concerning the mentioned cytokine regulations of MetS over 1 year after COVID-19. The univariate, and then multifactorial correlation analysis between serum contents of sIL- 6r/ IL- 6, LIF/ sLIFr, adiponectin and leptin and the levels of vasoactive substances (NO, ADMA and SDMA), glycated hemoglobin, LDL has shown that the increased ratio of sIL-6r/IL-6 is an independent factor for the NO reduction of (r = 0.74, p 0.01); an increase in sLIFr positively correlates with increase in glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.69, p 0.01), and an association with increase of ADMA (r = 0.82, p 0.001), leptin (in this model) are shown to be an independent factor of LDL increase (r = 0.69, p 0.05). \u0000Influence of pre-COVID modifiable factors, in particular, vaccination, is relevant in terms of reducing the likelihood of progression of pre-existing chronic diseases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus) in the persons with MetS after COVID-19 and has prospects for implementation into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72801342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental in vitro phenotype reprogramming of two subsets of neutrophilic granulocytes in children with acute destructive pneumonia by means of a synthetic hexapeptide","authors":"I. Nesterova, V. N. Chapurina, G. Chudilova, V. Tarakanov","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1175-eiv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1175-eiv","url":null,"abstract":"Effector dysfunctions of neutrophil granulocytes are often associated with the occurrence of dysregulatory processes in the antibacterial immune defense. Acute destructive pneumonia is a severe purulent-inflammatory disease associated with discordant functions of effector mechanisms of neutrophil granulocytes and emergence of negatively transformed cell subsets. Therefore, the search for new experimental approaches aimed at re-orientation of negatively altered phenotype of distinct subsets of neutrophilic granulocytes in the children with acute destructive pneumonia by means of various immunotropic substances is quite relevant. The aim of the study was to evaluate the modulating effects of synthetic hexapeptide (Arginyl-alpha-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Valyl-Tyrosyl-Arginine) on the contents and phenotype of 2 functionally significant subsets of major (CD16+CD64-CD32+CD11b+) and minor (CD16+CD64+CD32+CD11b+) subpopulations of neutrophils in a closed in vitro experimental system sampled in the children with atypical acute destructive pneumonia. We have examined twenty peripheral blood samples from 10 children with acute destructive pneumonia, and 40 blood samples of 20 healthy children 2-4 years old. Immunophenotyping of neutrophil granulocytes classified in 2 subsets was performed on the basis of expression density of membrane receptors, according to MFI criteria. Phenotypic features of neutrophil granulocyte subsets were evaluated in the in vitro system before and after incubation of peripheral blood with Hexapeptide (10-6 g/L; 37 C, 60 min). In children with acute destructive pneumonia, compared with conditionally healthy children, the following variants of negative transformation of the neutrophil subsets were established: a significant decrease in the ratios of the major subset, i.e., from 98.0 (96.9-98.7) % o 55.8 (35.3-74.8) %, with a decreased CD16 and CD11b density expression according to MFI, and a significantly increase ratio of the minor neutrophil subset: from 1.3 (0.4-1.6) % to 52.6 (41.8-54.9) %, with increased expression of CD11b receptor, and a decrease in CD64 expression. Immunomodulatory effects of Hexapeptide upon neutrophil granulocytes of children with acute destructive pneumonia have been demonstrated in the closed in vitro system showing positive phenotype remodeling of both cell subsets in the absence of significant quantitative changes. Thus, upon treatment with the hexapeptide, we have found a significantly increased expression of activation receptors CD16, CD11b in the major subset, and a significant decrease in their expression for the minor subset to the levels typical to healthy children. At the same time, hexapeptide did not affect the studied subsets of neutrophils from healthy children, except of increased CD64 expression in the minor subset. The obtained data can be used in future to develop new approaches to the targeted immunotherapy aimed at correcting the phenotype of neutrophil granulocyte subsets in acute destructive p","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84907592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis of COVID-19 outcomes and risk prediction for the development of post-COVID syndrome","authors":"M. G. Atazhakhova, G. Chudilova, I. Nesterova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1199-poc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1199-poc","url":null,"abstract":"At the present time, the new laboratory diagnostic markers are required which may predict complications over the post-COVID period, as well as improve diagnostics of post-COVID syndrome in the patients who underwent COVID-19. Despite the fact that changes in respiratory system are the most common manifestations of COVID-19, extrapulmonary manifestations followed by the wide range of persistent symptoms and/or delayed complications may lead to multiple organ lesions of varying severity: from symptomless to fatal forms. A number of symptoms in the developed post-COVID syndrome may persist for 3 weeks, or to be prolonged up to 6 months and later. The purpose of the study was to investigate the informativity of an early integrative diagnostic index developed by us, enabling prediction of the COVID-19 outcome, and potential development of early post-COVID syndrome. \u0000Peripheral blood samples were examined in 60 patients (38-82 years old) diagnosed with COVID-19 of moderate severity (CT-2.3) during their inpatient treatment; 30 patients (38-62 years old) in the early post-COVID period and 34 patients (38-65 years old) with early post-COVID syndrome. The comparison group consisted of 100 healthy sex- and age-matched volunteers. The IDP, an integrative diagnostic index, was calculated as a marker including the ratio of the relative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte numbers, as well as the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), by the following formule: IDP = (% neutrophilic granulocytes CRP) / % lymphocytes. \u0000We have found that, during the inpatient treatment, upon acute clinical manifestations, IDP in study group 1 was increased 12.5 times against the comparison group. It should be noted that all patients were discharged from the hospital in compliance with official criteria, according to Temporary Guidelines. In the study group 2, during early postcovid period, IDP remained 3.4-fold elevated against the comparison group. According to the chest CT data, the patients had signs of a fibrous component, organizing stage of pneumonia and consolidation foci in the lung tissue. Among the group 3 patients (early post-COVID syndrome), IDP was increased three-fold against the comparison group, accompanied by the documented signs of chronic fatigue syndrome and cognitive impairment. \u0000The IDP can be used as a marker for the prognosis of clinical outcome and a predictor of the evolving complications during the early post-COVID period and upon development of early post-COVID syndrome in the patients who have undergone COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91341271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of anti-TNF treatment efficiency in children with immune-dependent diseases by means of testing the NF-κB activity in lymphocyte populations","authors":"S. Petrichuk, T. Radygina, D. Kuptsova, O. Kurbatova, E. Semikina, N. Murashkin, A. Potapov, A. Fisenko","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1191-eoa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1191-eoa","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear transcription factor B (NF-B) regulates innate and adaptive immunity functions and mediates inflammatory responses by activating proinflammatory cytokine gene transcription. TNF inhibitors block the NF-B signaling pathway, thus reducing inflammatory activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the informativity of NF-kB transcription factor determination in the lymphocyte populations in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis to assess the efficacy of anti-TNF therapy. We have examined 124 children with IBD and 55 children with psoriasis vulgaris administered maintenance anti-TNF therapy, and 30 healthy children. Stratification into the study groups was carried out according to PCDIA, PUCAI, PASI indices ( 10, remission). The number of cells with NF-B translocation was determined by flow cytometry with vusualization (Amnis ImageStreamX Mk II). Statistical evaluation was performed using Statistica 10.0 and SPSS 16.0. The highest number of cells with NF-B translocation was detected in B-lymphocytes and NK cells, thus being significantly higher than in T helper cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (p = 0.000). The percentage of cells with translocation of NF-B in populations of NK cells, T helper, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Th17 lymphocytes, cytotoxic Th17 lymphocytes (Tc17) and Treg was increased in the patients at the acute disease stage against the comparison group. In the remission state, NF-B activity in lymphocyte populations was lower than in acute stage. In remission of psoriasis, NF-B activity in B lymphocytes, NK cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes was significantly lower than in comparison group. In IBD remission state, the NF-B activity was elevated only in T-helper cells. The level of NF-B translocation in the NK-cell population differed in children with IBD and psoriasis, both in acute phase (IBD, 46.2% (34-58); psoriasis, 36.5% (29-48), p = 0.041), and remission of disease (IBD, 25.4% (22-35); psoriasis, 19.1% (17-22), p = 0.000). ROC analysis of the data from exacerbation/remission states assessed as the NK cell numbers with NF-B translocation showed a good quality of the stratification model (AUC 0.8): The cut-off value in IBD was 41% (Se = 65.4; Sp = 89.1), and in psoriasis it was 23% (Se = 85.2; Sp = 94.7). The informativity of NF-B translocation level in lymphocyte populations in children with IBD and psoriasis was shown to correlate with efficacy of anti-TNF therapy. Exacerbation the disease with decreased therapeutic response is characterized by NF-B activation in lymphocyte populations in the children with IBD and psoriasis.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85593119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in mononuclear cell subsets in capillary and venous blood of patients with psoriasis depending on the treatment","authors":"S. V. Sennikova, A. Toptygina","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1159-cim","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1159-cim","url":null,"abstract":"Topical glucocorticoids are conventionally used to treat psoriasis, but such treatment provides a short-term effect, and may cause various complications during long-term usage. A detailed study of the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis has made it possible to use bioengineered drugs that block the main cytokines. It has been shown that IL-36 plays an important regulatory role in pathogenesis of psoriasis. The aim of the study was to study therapeutic effect of patients with psoriasis using topical glucocorticoid hormone versus IL- 36 receptor antagonist (RAIL-36), with respect to clinical course of psoriasis and the subsets of mononuclear cells in venous and capillary blood taken close to the focus of inflammation. 16 patients with psoriasis (group 1a) received 0.1% mometasone cream for 14 days; 20 patients of group 1b received a gel containing 0.4% recombinant RAIL-36 for 14 days. Control group included 20 healthy adults. Treatment efficacy was assessed by PASI, DISHS and DLQI indices. 19 lymphocyte subsets and 3 monocyte subsets were assessed by four-color staining of whole capillary and venous blood with erythrocyte lysis using BD Biosciences (USA) technologies and reagents. It was shown that both drugs led to a decrease in the severity of the disease at the end of treatment. However, 2 weeks after the end of treatment in group 1a, the disease indexes nearly returned to the initial values. Meanwhile, the reduced index levels persisted 2 weeks later in group 1b. Significant deviations (more pronounced in capillary blood) were revealed for the levels of several leukocyte subsets in the psoriasis patients compared with healthy persons. As a result of treatment, we have revealed some changes in the levels of leukocyte subsets common to the two groups, and special differences for the two treatment options, that were more pronounced in capillary blood samples. Both medical preparations used are suitable for treatment of psoriasis.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89472625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local immune state in the women with miscarriage","authors":"O. Abramovskikh, Y. Loginova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1200-lis","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1200-lis","url":null,"abstract":"Functional state of immunity provides maintenance of immunological tolerance for allogeneic fetus, and high level of local protection against antigenic stimulation. Increased functional activity of phagocytic cells at systemic and local levels may cause impairment of complete fetoplacental complex, thus leading to abortion. The purpose of our study was to assess the state of local immunity in women with pregnancy loss. \u0000The study involved 174 women in their reproductive age. The first group consisted of 65 patients (37.4%) with a diagnosis of miscarriage, the history of 2 abortions over the period from conception to the 20th week of gestation. The second group included 37 patients (21.2%) with documented recurrent pregnancy loss, with a history of 3 miscarriages. The control group consisted of 72 conditionally healthy women (41.4%) who had 2 or more term pregnancies with the same partner, without a history of obstetric and gynecological complications. Their mean age was 366 years old. Total number and viability of leukocytes, the indices of functional neutrophil activity, their functional reserve and neutrophil stimulation index were determined in cervical mucosal samples over the first phase of the menstrual cycle. \u0000In the first phase of menstrual cycle, the women with miscarriage and recurrent pregnancy loss exhibited a statistically significant increase of phagocytosis by the neutrophils from cervical mucus as compared to the group of conditionally healthy women. Intensity of neutrophil phagocytosis in cervical mucus reached higher values in the women with recurrent pregnancy loss more often, compared to the control group. Evaluation of the functional reserve of cervical mucus neutrophils in the subjects with recurrent pregnancy loss and miscarriage showed a trend towards statistically significant differences: this parameter was higher in the patients than in control group. The ability of cervical mucosal neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species (both spontaneous and induced) did not show statistically significant differences between the patients and controls. \u0000Hence, we have observed aberrant functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes from cervical mucosa in the groups of women with 2 or more abortions, without changing ability of the cells to produce reactive oxygen species. This finding may be explained by prevalence of oxygen-independent mechanisms of intracellular killing, thus suggesting a role of neutrophils for impaired balance of immunological tolerance in pregnant women at the local level.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"337 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78940078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal immunity during rehabilitation in the patients after coronavirus infection","authors":"A. Khasanova, M. Kostinov, I. Soloveva","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1190-mid","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1190-mid","url":null,"abstract":"Following the coronavirus infection, a variety of symptoms may persist for a long time. Therefore, an important area of further research is to study the state and response of protective immune mechanisms in the post-COVID period. Our aim was to evaluate the dynamics of mucosal immunity by measuring sIgA in the saliva samples and nasal swabs (sIgA, lactoferrin), as well as efficiency of interferon-alpha-2b (IFNa2b) treatment in the patients after coronavirus infection. \u0000A study was conducted in the patients aged 18 to 60 years (n = 130) at the terms of 1 to 9 months after a coronavirus infection. A control group consisted of conditionally healthy individuals (n = 15). Diagnosis of post-COVID manifestations was carried out by collecting complaints, anamnestic data, physical examination and questionnaire. The state of mucosal immunity in saliva samples and nasopharyngeal mucosal scrapings was evaluated in dynamics as based on determination of sIgA and lactoferrin concentrations by means of enzyme immunoassay techniques prior to administration of local preventive therapy with recombinant IFNa2b, and 1 month after the treatment (VIFERON gel applied intranasally twice a day for 30 days). \u0000The following symptoms of post-COVID syndrome were documented In the study group: joint and muscular pain, shortness of breath, cough, fatigue and weakness, headache and dizziness, anxiety. In the group of patients who received preventive therapy during 1 to 3 months after coronavirus infection, a significantly increased level of saliva sIgA was noted, respectively, 1.840.28 to 5.781.96 mg/mL. As based on the data obtained with scrapings from nasopharyngeal mucosa, a significant increase in the level of sIgA was revealed in the group subjected to therapy up to 3 months after COVID-19 infection, i.e., from 28.613.0 to 39.833.85 mg/mL. In the group of patients devoid of preventive therapy, a stable maintenance of the reduced mucosal immunity parameters was found in all time intervals during the period of convalescence. In all observed patients, regardless of the group, a decreased lactoferrin level was found, being two-fold lower than the normal reference values. The incidence of respiratory viral infections in the group without preventive therapy was statistically significant, being registered in 9.2% of cases. \u0000Patients after COVID-19 infection exhibit a persistent decrease in mucosal immunity. Immunological efficacy was observed when using IFNa2b, thus making it possible to recommend it for rehabilitation in this group of patients over the period of convalescence.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80911316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cucurbiturils on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors","authors":"A. Aktanova, E. Kovalenko, E. Pashkina","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1183-eoc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1183-eoc","url":null,"abstract":"Many drug delivery systems are currently under study, e.g., nanosized cavitands cucurbiturils, which, due to the presence of a cavity, can incorporate drug molecules. Since the immune system is quite sensitive to influence of nanomaterials and other cell-damaging factors, it is necessary to study immunosafety of the new delivery systems, i.e., immunotoxicity and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nanosized cucurbituril cavitands on the cytokine-producing ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in apparently healthy donors. \u0000Blood mononuclear cells (106/mL) were cultured in the presence of cucurbiturils at the following concentrations: 0.3 mM cucurbit[6]uril, 0.3 mM cucurbit[7]uril, and 0.01 mM cucurbit[8]uril for 72 h, under additional stimulation with aCD3 antibodies (1 g/mL), or without it. The level of cytokines in the supernatants was determined using enzyme immunoassay. \u0000It was shown that cucurbit[6]uril increased the level of spontaneous IL-4 production by 1.5 times (p 0.01) compared with the control. In the case of stimulated cytokine production, we found that cucurbit[6]uril reduced the level of IL-6, and also shows a tendency (p = 0.09) towards an increase in the IL-4 level. When cells were cultured with cucurbit[7]uril, we gave revealed a trend for increased production of pro-inflammatory TNF. It was also found that cucurbit[7]uril is able to suppress the production of IL-10 in aCD3-stimulated cell culture by 1.5 times. Cucurbit[8]uril was shown to inhibit production of cytokines in non-stimulated cell cultures. A significant decrease in the level of IFN and IL-10 was revealed as compared with the production of these cytokines in control cultures. When assessing the effect of cucurbit[8]uril on the IFN production upon stimulation with aCD3 antibodies, no significant differences were found, but there is also a trend for a decreased concentration of this cytokine agains control levels. \u0000Cucurbiturils can influence both spontaneous and stimulated production of cytokines by the blood mononuclear cells. The effect on cytokine-producing ability of the cells depends on the tested homologue compound.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75062743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}