Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423090094
A. A. Kalashnikova, T. V. Simatin, F. V. Eroshenko, I. G. Storchak
Abstract
The study is aimed at determining the impact of presowing seed treatment with polyfunctional preparations on the resistance of winter wheat to adverse environmental factors. The work was carried out in 2019–2022 in a zone of unstable moisture in the Stavropol krai. In the experiment the following were studied: winter wheat varieties (factor A), Stavka, Victoria 11; seed treatment with polyfunctional preparations (factor B), without treatment (control), Alfastim (0.05 L/t), Ikar Fosto Seeds (0.5 L/t), Sprintalga (0.5 L/t), Biodux (0.003 L/t). Presowing treatment of winter wheat seeds, on average over the years of research, ensured the formation of a yield of 0.32–0.43 t/ha higher than in the control. The maximum increase in grain yield in the experiment was 0.40 t/ha (Stavka) and 0.43 t/ha (Victoria 11). The proportion of shoots that survived after freezing in the freezer for the Stavka variety was 84.0% on average for the experiment, for the Victoria 11 variety it was 80.8%. The use of polyfunctional preparations Alfastim and Ikar Fosto Seeds reduced the percentage of dead shoots to 13.1 and 8.7%, respectively. Seed treatment with Sprintalga and Biodux worsened frost resistance, there were more dead shoots than in the control, by 10.1 and 8%. In the low-growing Victoria 11 variety, the highest frost resistance was observed when using Alfastim, the number of dead shoots decreased by 13.8% compared to the control (more than two times). Thanks to the presowing treatment of seeds, the resistance of winter wheat to soil salinity increased. For the Stavka variety, when using Ikar Fosto Seeds, the maximum increase in root biomass by 33.3% in 0.5% NaCl saline solution was observed, relative to the control. Treatment of seeds of Victoria 11 variety with Alfastim increased the total length of seedlings in a 0.5% saline solution by 5.6%, in 1.0% by 6.4%. The use of polyfunctional preparations contributed to an increase in the drought resistance of winter wheat during the initial stages of development. When seeds of both varieties were germinated in a 3% sucrose solution, Alfastim increased the intensity of growth of primary roots of the Stavka variety, in comparison with the control, by 22.2%, Victoria 11 by 9.1%, and Biodux by 56.0% and 9.1%, respectively.
{"title":"The Effect of Seed Treatment with Polyfunctional Preparations on the Resistance of Winter Wheat to Adverse Environmental Factors","authors":"A. A. Kalashnikova, T. V. Simatin, F. V. Eroshenko, I. G. Storchak","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423090094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423090094","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study is aimed at determining the impact of presowing seed treatment with polyfunctional preparations on the resistance of winter wheat to adverse environmental factors. The work was carried out in 2019–2022 in a zone of unstable moisture in the Stavropol krai. In the experiment the following were studied: winter wheat varieties (factor A), Stavka, Victoria 11; seed treatment with polyfunctional preparations (factor B), without treatment (control), Alfastim (0.05 L/t), Ikar Fosto Seeds (0.5 L/t), Sprintalga (0.5 L/t), Biodux (0.003 L/t). Presowing treatment of winter wheat seeds, on average over the years of research, ensured the formation of a yield of 0.32–0.43 t/ha higher than in the control. The maximum increase in grain yield in the experiment was 0.40 t/ha (Stavka) and 0.43 t/ha (Victoria 11). The proportion of shoots that survived after freezing in the freezer for the Stavka variety was 84.0% on average for the experiment, for the Victoria 11 variety it was 80.8%. The use of polyfunctional preparations Alfastim and Ikar Fosto Seeds reduced the percentage of dead shoots to 13.1 and 8.7%, respectively. Seed treatment with Sprintalga and Biodux worsened frost resistance, there were more dead shoots than in the control, by 10.1 and 8%. In the low-growing Victoria 11 variety, the highest frost resistance was observed when using Alfastim, the number of dead shoots decreased by 13.8% compared to the control (more than two times). Thanks to the presowing treatment of seeds, the resistance of winter wheat to soil salinity increased. For the Stavka variety, when using Ikar Fosto Seeds, the maximum increase in root biomass by 33.3% in 0.5% NaCl saline solution was observed, relative to the control. Treatment of seeds of Victoria 11 variety with Alfastim increased the total length of seedlings in a 0.5% saline solution by 5.6%, in 1.0% by 6.4%. The use of polyfunctional preparations contributed to an increase in the drought resistance of winter wheat during the initial stages of development. When seeds of both varieties were germinated in a 3% sucrose solution, Alfastim increased the intensity of growth of primary roots of the Stavka variety, in comparison with the control, by 22.2%, Victoria 11 by 9.1%, and Biodux by 56.0% and 9.1%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423080025
A. F. Aleinikov, I. V. Osipenko, A. F. Cheshkova, E. S. Smirnov
Abstract
The culling of day-old male chicks from laying hens remains a common procedure during incubation in hatchers in Russian poultry farms. It is not only unethical but also causes economic damage to poultry producers. A number of European countries have already introduced laws prohibiting the killing of one-day-old male chicks and are developing measures to limit the killing of live embryos in poultry eggs after six days of incubation. Producers are now obliged to use technology to determine the sex of a chick before it is born. From 2024, there will be a ban on killing live embryos in a poultry egg after the 6th day of incubation. The determination of the sex of an embryo in the egg before incubation remains an unresolved problem. In this regard, intensive research is being carried out to find the relationship between the morphological parameters of a freshly laid poultry egg and the sexual dimorphism of its embryo. An approach based on analysis of hyperspectral images of eggs by radiation transillumination in a wide range of waves is proposed. A setup based on a Photonfocus MV1-D2048x1088-HS05-96-G2-10 hyperspectral camera with an IMEC CMV2K-LS150-VNIR sensor enabling local illumination of a study object with an adjustable radiation source has been created and debugged for implementing this approach. Morphological parameters such as weight, area, volume, and shape ratio of eggs are not correlated with the sex of the embryo of an egg before incubation. Informative wavelengths for further studies to determine the sexual dimorphism of chicken egg embryos in the first days of incubation are 640, 660, and 688 nm.
{"title":"Possibilities of the Spectrometry Method in Determining the Sex of Hatching Egg Embryos","authors":"A. F. Aleinikov, I. V. Osipenko, A. F. Cheshkova, E. S. Smirnov","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423080025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423080025","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The culling of day-old male chicks from laying hens remains a common procedure during incubation in hatchers in Russian poultry farms. It is not only unethical but also causes economic damage to poultry producers. A number of European countries have already introduced laws prohibiting the killing of one-day-old male chicks and are developing measures to limit the killing of live embryos in poultry eggs after six days of incubation. Producers are now obliged to use technology to determine the sex of a chick before it is born. From 2024, there will be a ban on killing live embryos in a poultry egg after the 6th day of incubation. The determination of the sex of an embryo in the egg before incubation remains an unresolved problem. In this regard, intensive research is being carried out to find the relationship between the morphological parameters of a freshly laid poultry egg and the sexual dimorphism of its embryo. An approach based on analysis of hyperspectral images of eggs by radiation transillumination in a wide range of waves is proposed. A setup based on a Photonfocus MV1-D2048x1088-HS05-96-G2-10 hyperspectral camera with an IMEC CMV2K-LS150-VNIR sensor enabling local illumination of a study object with an adjustable radiation source has been created and debugged for implementing this approach. Morphological parameters such as weight, area, volume, and shape ratio of eggs are not correlated with the sex of the embryo of an egg before incubation. Informative wavelengths for further studies to determine the sexual dimorphism of chicken egg embryos in the first days of incubation are 640, 660, and 688 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423070273
N. E. Zavyalova, M. T. Vasbieva, V. R. Yamaltdinova, I. V. Kazakova
Abstract
The study reports experimental data on the accumulation and loss of organic carbon in sod-podzol soil over six rotations of a long-term station experiment. It was found that, during photosynthesis, spring barley plants bound to organic compounds 2.84–3.25 t C/ha from the atmosphere (10.3–11.6 t CO2/ha) and meadow clover of the second year of rotation bound 4.23–5.19 t C/ha (15.1–18.6 t CO2/ha) over the growing season, depending on experimental variant. Cultivated crops sequestered from the atmosphere 82.28–99.31 t of CO2/ha or 22.4–27.1 t C/ha over a rotation of the eight-field crop rotation, depending on the soil fertilization system. Long-term use of cultivated land without fertilizers led to a decrease in carbon content in the soil by 13.5% in relation to the initial level. The soil of the station experiment was characterized by the maximum content and stock of organic carbon under saturation of tilled land with manure at a dose of 20 t/ha and an equivalent amount of NPK. Over six rotations, carbon content increased by 15% of the initial content in the 0–20 cm layer, while the carbon stock increased by 5 t/ha in this layer and by 32 t/ha in the 0–100 cm layer. Mean value of the carbon-protective capacity of the studied soil varied between 29 and 31 g/kg in the 0–20 cm layer regardless of the applied fertilization systems. The quantity and qualitative composition of biomass, entering the soil under different systems of fertilization, had a significant effect on the accumulation of organic carbon.
{"title":"Accumulation of Atmospheric Carbon by Crops in Rotation and the Effect of Fertilization Systems on the Accumulation of Organic Carbon by Cultivated Sod-Podzol Soil","authors":"N. E. Zavyalova, M. T. Vasbieva, V. R. Yamaltdinova, I. V. Kazakova","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423070273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423070273","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study reports experimental data on the accumulation and loss of organic carbon in sod-podzol soil over six rotations of a long-term station experiment. It was found that, during photosynthesis, spring barley plants bound to organic compounds 2.84–3.25 t C/ha from the atmosphere (10.3–11.6 t CO<sub>2</sub>/ha) and meadow clover of the second year of rotation bound 4.23–5.19 t C/ha (15.1–18.6 t CO<sub>2</sub>/ha) over the growing season, depending on experimental variant. Cultivated crops sequestered from the atmosphere 82.28–99.31 t of CO<sub>2</sub>/ha or 22.4–27.1 t C/ha over a rotation of the eight-field crop rotation, depending on the soil fertilization system. Long-term use of cultivated land without fertilizers led to a decrease in carbon content in the soil by 13.5% in relation to the initial level. The soil of the station experiment was characterized by the maximum content and stock of organic carbon under saturation of tilled land with manure at a dose of 20 t/ha and an equivalent amount of NPK. Over six rotations, carbon content increased by 15% of the initial content in the 0–20 cm layer, while the carbon stock increased by 5 t/ha in this layer and by 32 t/ha in the 0–100 cm layer. Mean value of the carbon-protective capacity of the studied soil varied between 29 and 31 g/kg in the 0–20 cm layer regardless of the applied fertilization systems. The quantity and qualitative composition of biomass, entering the soil under different systems of fertilization, had a significant effect on the accumulation of organic carbon.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423090173
A. A. Stakheev, A. I. Uskov, Yu. A. Varitsev, P. A. Galushka, L. B. Uskova, S. V. Zhevora, S. K. Zavriev
Abstract
The paper reports the study which was carried out to investigate the genetic polymorphism of potato virus Y isolates using new marker sequences. The work was performed in 2022–2023. PVY isolates collected in 2017 from domestic and foreign varieties grown in different regions of the Russian Federation and preselected for serotype were used for analysis. Three loci were selected as potential markers with high phylogenetic information content, namely, the coat protein gene (Cp), the 5'-untranslated region of NTR, and the VPg protein gene, which covalently binds to the 5'-end of RNA and acts as a transcription regulator. Highest amplification efficiency (100% of the cDNA samples tested) was achieved using the NTR fragment. It was also the most phylogenetically informative: a comparative analysis of the studied sequences showed the presence of 23.8 and 15% variable and phylogenetically informative positions, respectively. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of the comparative analysis of the NTR marker sequences included several clusters supported by high bootstrap values. The clusters encompassed the isolates from the following subgroups: PVYNTN—Red Scarlett (III), Red Scarlett (5-4), and Dunya (7-12); PVYN:O—Pomdor, Zagadka, and Nida; PVYO/C—Picasso, Favorit (III), CH991 131 (8-2), Floris (7-14), and Romano (5-3), and PVYWilga—Red Scarlett (6-10) and Kenza, as well as the type strains belonging to these subgroups, the marker sequences of which being deposited in the NCBI database. An isolate from the potato variety Zhukovsky rannii (5-2) showed an intermediate position between the necrotic and ordinal clusters, forming a separate branch and not grouping with any of the type strains on the phylogenetic tree based on the marker nucleotide sequences of the NTR locus. Sequencing analysis generally confirmed the initial serological identification of the tested samples demonstrating the predominance of the necrotic and recombinant groups of strains.
{"title":"Study of Potato Virus Y Isolates Commonly Occurring in Different Regions of the Russian Federation Using New Molecular Markers","authors":"A. A. Stakheev, A. I. Uskov, Yu. A. Varitsev, P. A. Galushka, L. B. Uskova, S. V. Zhevora, S. K. Zavriev","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423090173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423090173","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The paper reports the study which was carried out to investigate the genetic polymorphism of potato virus Y isolates using new marker sequences. The work was performed in 2022–2023. PVY isolates collected in 2017 from domestic and foreign varieties grown in different regions of the Russian Federation and preselected for serotype were used for analysis. Three loci were selected as potential markers with high phylogenetic information content, namely, the coat protein gene (Cp), the 5'-untranslated region of NTR, and the VPg protein gene, which covalently binds to the 5'-end of RNA and acts as a transcription regulator. Highest amplification efficiency (100% of the cDNA samples tested) was achieved using the NTR fragment. It was also the most phylogenetically informative: a comparative analysis of the studied sequences showed the presence of 23.8 and 15% variable and phylogenetically informative positions, respectively. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of the comparative analysis of the NTR marker sequences included several clusters supported by high bootstrap values. The clusters encompassed the isolates from the following subgroups: PVY<sup>NTN</sup>—Red Scarlett (III), Red Scarlett (5-4), and Dunya (7-12); PVY<sup>N:O</sup>—Pomdor, Zagadka, and Nida; PVY<sup>O/C</sup>—Picasso, Favorit (III), CH991 131 (8-2), Floris (7-14), and Romano (5-3), and PVY<sup>Wilga</sup>—Red Scarlett (6-10) and Kenza, as well as the type strains belonging to these subgroups, the marker sequences of which being deposited in the NCBI database. An isolate from the potato variety Zhukovsky rannii (5-2) showed an intermediate position between the necrotic and ordinal clusters, forming a separate branch and not grouping with any of the type strains on the phylogenetic tree based on the marker nucleotide sequences of the NTR locus. Sequencing analysis generally confirmed the initial serological identification of the tested samples demonstrating the predominance of the necrotic and recombinant groups of strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s106836742307011x
G. A. Konarbaeva, E. N. Smolentseva, V. V. Demin
Abstract
The study of the chemical composition of soils and their ecological assessment is of great importance both from scientific and practical points of view. Halogens play a significant role in the life of living organisms. They, like other macro- and microelements, participate in the formation of the food chain: atmosphere–soil–natural waters–plants–animals–people. When evaluating the biogeochemical significance of one or another halogen, it is important to know not only its total content but also the concentration of its mobile forms capable of migration and participation in the dynamic equilibrium between the solid phase of the soil and the soil solution. This is because plants are supplied with nutrients due to the mobile forms of various elements. At the present stage, the study of halogens is insufficient, fluorine is among the most studied, iodine is the least studied, and bromine is very poorly studied.
{"title":"Total Content and Mobile Forms of Halogens (Fluorine, Bromine, and Iodine) in Soils of Tuva","authors":"G. A. Konarbaeva, E. N. Smolentseva, V. V. Demin","doi":"10.3103/s106836742307011x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s106836742307011x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study of the chemical composition of soils and their ecological assessment is of great importance both from scientific and practical points of view. Halogens play a significant role in the life of living organisms. They, like other macro- and microelements, participate in the formation of the food chain: atmosphere–soil–natural waters–plants–animals–people. When evaluating the biogeochemical significance of one or another halogen, it is important to know not only its total content but also the concentration of its mobile forms capable of migration and participation in the dynamic equilibrium between the solid phase of the soil and the soil solution. This is because plants are supplied with nutrients due to the mobile forms of various elements. At the present stage, the study of halogens is insufficient, fluorine is among the most studied, iodine is the least studied, and bromine is very poorly studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423090124
L. A. Mukhitov, T. A. Timoshenkova
Abstract
The research was carried out to determine the response of locally bred spring barley varieties to the use of biofertilizers during presowing preparation of seed material and fertilizing of crops in the tillering phase. The work was carried out in the steppe zone of the Orenburg region in 2019–2021. Objects of research included: biological products Gumi 20 Universal, Blago 3; varieties Armilid, Gubernatorsky, Lekar, Lida, Miar, Miar 2, Natali, Pervotselinnik, T 12, and Chebenyok. Treatment of seeds with Gumi 20 Universal (0.5 L/t) increased the germination energy of all varieties by 7–10% in comparison with the control (without treatment) and by 7–11% in comparison with the preparation Blago 3 (0.5 L/t). The use of biological products activated the physiological state of seeds and increased their laboratory germination by 5–8%. The most favorable effect was observed for the product Gumi 20 Universal on the Miar and Pervotselinnik varieties. The Miar variety responded most strongly to seed soaking with Blago 3: laboratory germination increased by 7%. The high efficiency of Gumi 20 Universal was shown in the field experiment when it was used on the varieties Miar, Miar 2, Natali, Pervotselinnik, T 12, and Chebenyok: field germination exceeded the control by 18%. Treatment with Blago 3 increased the value of this indicator to a greater extent in the varieties Gubernatorsky and Miar 2 (by 19% compared to the control), T 12 (by 18%). The greatest positive effect in overcoming the effects of abiotic stress was provided by the combination of presowing seed treatment with biological products and subsequent fertilizing of crops in the tillering phase. In arid conditions, the highest experimental response to the use of biofertilizers was observed in barley varieties Armilid, Gubernatorsky, Lida, Miar, Natali, and Chebenyok. When using Gumi 20 Universal, their yield was higher than in the control by 0.26–0.37 t/ha and higher than in Blago 3 by 0.15–0.21 t/ha.
{"title":"The Influence of Biofertilizers on the Seed Quality and the Productivity of Barley Varieties in the Steppe Zone of the Orenburg Cis-Urals","authors":"L. A. Mukhitov, T. A. Timoshenkova","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423090124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423090124","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The research was carried out to determine the response of locally bred spring barley varieties to the use of biofertilizers during presowing preparation of seed material and fertilizing of crops in the tillering phase. The work was carried out in the steppe zone of the Orenburg region in 2019–2021. Objects of research included: biological products Gumi 20 Universal, Blago 3; varieties Armilid, Gubernatorsky, Lekar, Lida, Miar, Miar 2, Natali, Pervotselinnik, T 12, and Chebenyok. Treatment of seeds with Gumi 20 Universal (0.5 L/t) increased the germination energy of all varieties by 7–10% in comparison with the control (without treatment) and by 7–11% in comparison with the preparation Blago 3 (0.5 L/t). The use of biological products activated the physiological state of seeds and increased their laboratory germination by 5–8%. The most favorable effect was observed for the product Gumi 20 Universal on the Miar and Pervotselinnik varieties. The Miar variety responded most strongly to seed soaking with Blago 3: laboratory germination increased by 7%. The high efficiency of Gumi 20 Universal was shown in the field experiment when it was used on the varieties Miar, Miar 2, Natali, Pervotselinnik, T 12, and Chebenyok: field germination exceeded the control by 18%. Treatment with Blago 3 increased the value of this indicator to a greater extent in the varieties Gubernatorsky and Miar 2 (by 19% compared to the control), T 12 (by 18%). The greatest positive effect in overcoming the effects of abiotic stress was provided by the combination of presowing seed treatment with biological products and subsequent fertilizing of crops in the tillering phase. In arid conditions, the highest experimental response to the use of biofertilizers was observed in barley varieties Armilid, Gubernatorsky, Lida, Miar, Natali, and Chebenyok. When using Gumi 20 Universal, their yield was higher than in the control by 0.26–0.37 t/ha and higher than in Blago 3 by 0.15–0.21 t/ha.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423080189
V. Yu. Stupko, S. Yu. Lugovtsova
Abstract
The study was carried out to compare the productivity and stability of regenerant lines of spring oat and their donor husky (Tubinsky st. (3 lines), Sayan (3), and Kazyr (1)) and naked (Tyumensky golozerny (3 lines) and Golets (2)) varieties. Field tests were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk krai on leached chernozem. Criteria used for the line stability evaluation were the following: superiority index Pi determining the degree of a sample deviation from the maximum yield in each of the environments (years); S(1) index characterizing the predictability of a genotype response to growing conditions; S(3) index, aimed at identifying highly productive and highly stable genotypes; and NP(2) index, intended for selection of genotypes with the optimal productivity/stability ratio. The majority of regenerants showed the yield and 1000 kernel weight parameters to be close to the donor varieties. Only three lines of the Tubinsky variety surpassed the donor in terms of the average three-year productivity by 1.78 (SR6-Tub.), 2.45 (SR11-Tub.), and 2.95 (SR15-Tub.) t/ha. Note that the 1000-kernel weight in the SR6-Tub. and ZR4-Golets lines was lower than that of the original variety by 1.9 and 1.4 g, respectively. A 1000 kernel weight in the ZR15-Kazyr line in 2017 was inferior to that in the donor variety by 1.4 g. In terms of the yield stability indices Pi and S(1), the ranks of nine out of 12 studied lines exceeded that of initial donor varieties by 5.7 on average. The similar result was observed in four (Pi higher by 2.25 rank units) and eight (S(1) higher by 6.6 rank units) regenerant lines. In relation to the S(3) index, six out of twelve lines surpassed their donors by 7 rank units on average; in terms of the 1000 kernel weight, nine lines exceeded their donors by 5.3 rank units. The rank determined for the NP(2) index exceeded that of donor varieties by 5.5 in four lines in terms of yield and by 6.2 in ten lines in terms of a 1000 kernel weight.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Stability of Regenerant Oat Lines Developed from In Vitro Callus Cultures","authors":"V. Yu. Stupko, S. Yu. Lugovtsova","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423080189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423080189","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study was carried out to compare the productivity and stability of regenerant lines of spring oat and their donor husky (Tubinsky st. (3 lines), Sayan (3), and Kazyr (1)) and naked (Tyumensky golozerny (3 lines) and Golets (2)) varieties. Field tests were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk krai on leached chernozem. Criteria used for the line stability evaluation were the following: superiority index <i>P</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> determining the degree of a sample deviation from the maximum yield in each of the environments (years); <i>S</i><sup>(1)</sup> index characterizing the predictability of a genotype response to growing conditions; <i>S</i><sup>(3)</sup> index, aimed at identifying highly productive and highly stable genotypes; and <i>NP</i><sup>(2)</sup> index, intended for selection of genotypes with the optimal productivity/stability ratio. The majority of regenerants showed the yield and 1000 kernel weight parameters to be close to the donor varieties. Only three lines of the Tubinsky variety surpassed the donor in terms of the average three-year productivity by 1.78 (SR6-Tub.), 2.45 (SR11-Tub.), and 2.95 (SR15-Tub.) t/ha. Note that the 1000-kernel weight in the SR6-Tub. and ZR4-Golets lines was lower than that of the original variety by 1.9 and 1.4 g, respectively. A 1000 kernel weight in the ZR15-Kazyr line in 2017 was inferior to that in the donor variety by 1.4 g. In terms of the yield stability indices <i>P</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> and <i>S</i><sup>(1)</sup>, the ranks of nine out of 12 studied lines exceeded that of initial donor varieties by 5.7 on average. The similar result was observed in four (<i>P</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> higher by 2.25 rank units) and eight (<i>S</i><sup>(1)</sup> higher by 6.6 rank units) regenerant lines. In relation to the <i>S</i><sup>(3)</sup> index, six out of twelve lines surpassed their donors by 7 rank units on average; in terms of the 1000 kernel weight, nine lines exceeded their donors by 5.3 rank units. The rank determined for the <i>NP</i><sup>(2)</sup> index exceeded that of donor varieties by 5.5 in four lines in terms of yield and by 6.2 in ten lines in terms of a 1000 kernel weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140007745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423070133
T. V. Minnikova, N. S. Minin, S. I. Kolesnikov, A. V. Gorovtsov, V.A. Chistyakov
Abstract
Stable functioning of agricultural lands is impossible without maintaining soil fertility. However, there are often a lot of crop residues in the fields that decompose for a long time and turn into available organic matter. To increase the rate of decomposition of crop residues of grain crops (wheat, barley, etc.), it is necessary to introduce biostimulants. Biostimulants are a variety of substances that stimulate the decomposition of organic substances and have a beneficial effect on the soil microbiota. The article examines the influence of Bacillus sp. on the processes of decomposition of crop residues of wheat both independently and together with biochar. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of ordinary chernozem during the decomposition of crop residues of winter wheat under the influence of Bacillus sp. and biochar. To assess the ecological state of the soil, the following research methods were used: assessment of the rate of decomposition of cellulose (determination of cellulolytic activity) and assessment of the ecological state of the soil (intensity of CO2 emissions, changes in the intensity of initial growth and development of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)). Introduction of Bacillus sp. × 100 and the joint use of biochar and Bacillus sp. stimulated the decomposition of cellulose up to 14–15% of the background content. Inoculation of Bacillus sp. on the biochar was effective already at the recommended dose both for the decomposition of the cellulose web and for restoring the ecological state of the soil, demonstrating a synergistic effect. The obtained results should be used in carrying out measures to increase soil fertility of agricultural lands and environmental monitoring of soil conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of Common Chernozem in the Application of Bacillus sp. and Biochar for Stimulation of Decomposition of Winter Wheat Harvest Residues (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"T. V. Minnikova, N. S. Minin, S. I. Kolesnikov, A. V. Gorovtsov, V.A. Chistyakov","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423070133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423070133","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Stable functioning of agricultural lands is impossible without maintaining soil fertility. However, there are often a lot of crop residues in the fields that decompose for a long time and turn into available organic matter. To increase the rate of decomposition of crop residues of grain crops (wheat, barley, etc.), it is necessary to introduce biostimulants. Biostimulants are a variety of substances that stimulate the decomposition of organic substances and have a beneficial effect on the soil microbiota. The article examines the influence of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. on the processes of decomposition of crop residues of wheat both independently and together with biochar. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of ordinary chernozem during the decomposition of crop residues of winter wheat under the influence of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. and biochar. To assess the ecological state of the soil, the following research methods were used: assessment of the rate of decomposition of cellulose (determination of cellulolytic activity) and assessment of the ecological state of the soil (intensity of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, changes in the intensity of initial growth and development of winter barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.)). Introduction of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. × 100 and the joint use of biochar and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. stimulated the decomposition of cellulose up to 14–15% of the background content. Inoculation of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. on the biochar was effective already at the recommended dose both for the decomposition of the cellulose web and for restoring the ecological state of the soil, demonstrating a synergistic effect. The obtained results should be used in carrying out measures to increase soil fertility of agricultural lands and environmental monitoring of soil conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423090033
A. V. Bobrovskiy, N. S. Kozulina, A. V. Vasilenko, A. A. Kryuchkov
Abstract
The research was performed to study the effect of agricultural technology elements on the crop structure and productivity of spring wheat of the variety Beiskaya under the conditions of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe in 2020–2022. The experimental scheme included the study of the variants of forecrop (factor A): black fallow and cereals (spring wheat); of fertilizer (factor B): without fertilizers (control), N60 (ammonium nitrate), and N60P60K60 (azophoska); and the plant protection system (factor C): without protection (control), presowing treatment of seeds with Vial Trast, WSC (0.4 L/t) + treatment at the tillering phase with a tank mixture of herbicides Balerina Super, SE (0.5 L/ha) and Lastik Top, OCE (0.5 l/ha) + treatment at the booting phase–heading with fungicide Kolosal’ PRO, CME (0.4 l/ha) and insecticide Borei Neo, SC (0.2 L/ha). The survival of wheat after black fallow increased relative to the control by 8.7–13.6% after fertilization; by 12.2–18.7% after fertilizers in combination with plant protection products, and by 12.5–17.9% and 17.7–19.7% for grain forecrop, respectively. The presowing application of azophoska improved the biometric parameters of plants: the number of leaves at the tillering phase was by 0.4–0.6 pcs greater after the black fallow than in the control, and the sheaf mass was greater by 24.3–45.0 g. At the heading phase, the values of these parameters increased by 0.2–0.9 pcs and 103.9–148.3 g, respectively. The values of the elements of the crop structure were the largest in the variant with presowing fertilization in combination with the use of plant protection products for both forecrops. The wheat yield for the two studied forecrops was maximal in the variant with the application of azophoska and the use of plant protection products: 4.23 t/ha for black fallow (the increase relative to the control was 1.15 t/ha or 36.4%) and 2.96 t/ha for grain forecrop (an increase by 1.26 t/ha or by 42.6%).
{"title":"Effect of Agricultural Technology Elements on the Crop Structure and Productivity of Spring Wheat Variety Beiskaya","authors":"A. V. Bobrovskiy, N. S. Kozulina, A. V. Vasilenko, A. A. Kryuchkov","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423090033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423090033","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The research was performed to study the effect of agricultural technology elements on the crop structure and productivity of spring wheat of the variety Beiskaya under the conditions of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe in 2020–2022. The experimental scheme included the study of the variants of forecrop (factor A): black fallow and cereals (spring wheat); of fertilizer (factor B): without fertilizers (control), N<sub>60</sub> (ammonium nitrate), and N<sub>60</sub>P<sub>60</sub>K<sub>60</sub> (azophoska); and the plant protection system (factor C): without protection (control), presowing treatment of seeds with Vial Trast, WSC (0.4 L/t) + treatment at the tillering phase with a tank mixture of herbicides Balerina Super, SE (0.5 L/ha) and Lastik Top, OCE (0.5 l/ha) + treatment at the booting phase–heading with fungicide Kolosal’ PRO, CME (0.4 l/ha) and insecticide Borei Neo, SC (0.2 L/ha). The survival of wheat after black fallow increased relative to the control by 8.7–13.6% after fertilization; by 12.2–18.7% after fertilizers in combination with plant protection products, and by 12.5–17.9% and 17.7–19.7% for grain forecrop, respectively. The presowing application of azophoska improved the biometric parameters of plants: the number of leaves at the tillering phase was by 0.4–0.6 pcs greater after the black fallow than in the control, and the sheaf mass was greater by 24.3–45.0 g. At the heading phase, the values of these parameters increased by 0.2–0.9 pcs and 103.9–148.3 g, respectively. The values of the elements of the crop structure were the largest in the variant with presowing fertilization in combination with the use of plant protection products for both forecrops. The wheat yield for the two studied forecrops was maximal in the variant with the application of azophoska and the use of plant protection products: 4.23 t/ha for black fallow (the increase relative to the control was 1.15 t/ha or 36.4%) and 2.96 t/ha for grain forecrop (an increase by 1.26 t/ha or by 42.6%).</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423090197
D. I. Vasilyuk, V. V. Melikhov, A. A. Novikov, K. A. Rodin
Abstract
Potatoes in the arid zone of southern Russia are grown only under irrigation, using mainly the ridge technology recommended by regional scientific institutions. Greater compaction of heavy loamy light chestnut soils by irrigation requires additional loosening. Cultivating potatoes in beds formed from two paired ridges can increase crop productivity (number and size of tubers) due to the formation of a large tuber nest. The studies were carried out in 2017–2019 in the conditions of the Lower Volga region in order to determine the effect of hilling in ridges and ridges with three common irrigation methods (sprinkling: control, furrow, and drip irrigation) on potato productivity and the efficiency of irrigation water use. Hilling potatoes in beds made it possible to significantly increase its yield compared to hilling in ridges by 2.5–3.9 t/ha. The maximum harvest of tubers, 57.4 t/ha, was observed with a combination of hilling in beds and drip irrigation, which exceeds the harvest when hilling in ridges by 2.5 t/ha and the control option by 28.1 t/ha. Water was supplied to the plants through a drip irrigation system (DIS) at lower irrigation rates. They decreased from 3900 m3/ha with sprinkling (control) to 3210 m3/ha with DIS with hilling in ridges and 3030 m3/ha with hilling in beds. However, it led to an increase in the number of irrigations on average over the years from 6.3–9.3 times with sprinkling and furrow irrigation to 23.3–24.7 times during the growing season of the crop with DIS. The use of drip irrigation and planting potatoes in beds ensured the greatest efficiency in the use of irrigation water: the water consumption coefficient was 104.0 m3/t, which is 51% lower than the same coefficient with sprinkling.
{"title":"Ways to Reduce Irrigation Water Consumption when Cultivating Potatoes in the Lower Volga Region","authors":"D. I. Vasilyuk, V. V. Melikhov, A. A. Novikov, K. A. Rodin","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423090197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423090197","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Potatoes in the arid zone of southern Russia are grown only under irrigation, using mainly the ridge technology recommended by regional scientific institutions. Greater compaction of heavy loamy light chestnut soils by irrigation requires additional loosening. Cultivating potatoes in beds formed from two paired ridges can increase crop productivity (number and size of tubers) due to the formation of a large tuber nest. The studies were carried out in 2017–2019 in the conditions of the Lower Volga region in order to determine the effect of hilling in ridges and ridges with three common irrigation methods (sprinkling: control, furrow, and drip irrigation) on potato productivity and the efficiency of irrigation water use. Hilling potatoes in beds made it possible to significantly increase its yield compared to hilling in ridges by 2.5–3.9 t/ha. The maximum harvest of tubers, 57.4 t/ha, was observed with a combination of hilling in beds and drip irrigation, which exceeds the harvest when hilling in ridges by 2.5 t/ha and the control option by 28.1 t/ha. Water was supplied to the plants through a drip irrigation system (DIS) at lower irrigation rates. They decreased from 3900 m<sup>3</sup>/ha with sprinkling (control) to 3210 m<sup>3</sup>/ha with DIS with hilling in ridges and 3030 m<sup>3</sup>/ha with hilling in beds. However, it led to an increase in the number of irrigations on average over the years from 6.3–9.3 times with sprinkling and furrow irrigation to 23.3–24.7 times during the growing season of the crop with DIS. The use of drip irrigation and planting potatoes in beds ensured the greatest efficiency in the use of irrigation water: the water consumption coefficient was 104.0 m<sup>3</sup>/t, which is 51% lower than the same coefficient with sprinkling.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140007747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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