Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423070169
V. N. Pinskoy, N. N. Kashirskaya, A. O. Alekseev, V. V. Malyshev, A. V. Borisov
Abstract
The effect of a duration of a freezing episode on the chemical properties and biological activity of agro-chestnut and agro-chernozem soils was studied in a 2-year vegetation experiment. The purpose of the experiment was evaluation of changes in soil properties that may occur in the case of further climate warming and reduction of the soil freezing period. The first and second experimental variants included soil freezing in the winter period for 160 and 56 days, respectively; in the third variant, soil was incubated at positive temperatures for the whole winter period. Prior to winter incubation, the soil was moistened to 60% of moisture-holding capacity (MHC) and supplemented with straw and mineral fertilizers. In spring, a spring wheat (var. Zlata) bred by the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center was sown in the studied soil samples. During the whole vegetation season, soil samples were kept in a vegetation pavilion under conditions of natural moisture and illumination. The sampling and the measurement of biological properties of soil samples were carried out in spring, 10 days after the samples were transferred from a refrigerator to a vegetation pavilion. Depending on the duration of the freezing episode, the most sensitive indicators of temperature changes were the microbial biomass (V-SIR), basal respiration rate of a microbial community (V-BASRR), and the number of microorganisms (CFU) growing on soil agar and nutrient-rich medium. Soils incubated without freezing were characterized by the lowest V-SIR and V-BASRR values. The longer freezing episode affected the soil acidity. In the case of long-term freezing, the pH value increased in the second year of study. As the duration of a freezing episode increased, the Р2О5 content in agro-chernozem soil decreased. In the case of agro-chestnut soil, such a decrease was less manifested, but the tendency to the reduction of the C : N ratio was observed. In all variants, the content of organic carbon, as well as macro- and microelements, remained almost unchanged during the whole 2-year experiment.
{"title":"Changes in the Chemical and Biological Properties of Arable Soils Following Freezing Episodes of Different Duration","authors":"V. N. Pinskoy, N. N. Kashirskaya, A. O. Alekseev, V. V. Malyshev, A. V. Borisov","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423070169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423070169","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of a duration of a freezing episode on the chemical properties and biological activity of agro-chestnut and agro-chernozem soils was studied in a 2-year vegetation experiment. The purpose of the experiment was evaluation of changes in soil properties that may occur in the case of further climate warming and reduction of the soil freezing period. The first and second experimental variants included soil freezing in the winter period for 160 and 56 days, respectively; in the third variant, soil was incubated at positive temperatures for the whole winter period. Prior to winter incubation, the soil was moistened to 60% of moisture-holding capacity (MHC) and supplemented with straw and mineral fertilizers. In spring, a spring wheat (var. Zlata) bred by the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center was sown in the studied soil samples. During the whole vegetation season, soil samples were kept in a vegetation pavilion under conditions of natural moisture and illumination. The sampling and the measurement of biological properties of soil samples were carried out in spring, 10 days after the samples were transferred from a refrigerator to a vegetation pavilion. Depending on the duration of the freezing episode, the most sensitive indicators of temperature changes were the microbial biomass (V-SIR), basal respiration rate of a microbial community (V-BASRR), and the number of microorganisms (CFU) growing on soil agar and nutrient-rich medium. Soils incubated without freezing were characterized by the lowest V-SIR and V-BASRR values. The longer freezing episode affected the soil acidity. In the case of long-term freezing, the pH value increased in the second year of study. As the duration of a freezing episode increased, the Р<sub>2</sub>О<sub>5</sub> content in agro-chernozem soil decreased. In the case of agro-chestnut soil, such a decrease was less manifested, but the tendency to the reduction of the C : N ratio was observed. In all variants, the content of organic carbon, as well as macro- and microelements, remained almost unchanged during the whole 2-year experiment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423070212
A. A. Stepanov, O. S. Yakimenko
Abstract
The impact of soil modifiers of humic nature (HN) based on peat and coal (Torfogel and Uglegel products) on the chemical properties, cellulolytic activity, and productivity of model soil mixtures (artificial soils) in a pot experiment was evaluated. The sod-podzolic cultivated soil of Moscow oblast was used as a reference soil for comparison. It is shown that an increase in the proportion of both products from 3 to 15% in the composition of soil mixtures improved their main agrochemical indicators: the content of NPK and humus reached the category of high, comparable, and exceeding the ones for reference soil. Significant differences began to show up at 5% content of Uglegel and 7% content of Torfogel. Soil treatment with humic soil modifiers stimulated the biological activity of soil mixtures as well as the growth and development of plants. These trends were expressed much more clearly when the soil was treated with Uglegel compared to Torfogel, which is explained by the genesis and properties of organic matter of biopolymers. The results of the study can be used to create sustainable and productive artificial soils.
{"title":"Humic Soil Modifiers from Peat and Coal: Effect on Chemical and Biological Properties of Model Soil Mixtures","authors":"A. A. Stepanov, O. S. Yakimenko","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423070212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423070212","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The impact of soil modifiers of humic nature (HN) based on peat and coal (Torfogel and Uglegel products) on the chemical properties, cellulolytic activity, and productivity of model soil mixtures (artificial soils) in a pot experiment was evaluated. The sod-podzolic cultivated soil of Moscow oblast was used as a reference soil for comparison. It is shown that an increase in the proportion of both products from 3 to 15% in the composition of soil mixtures improved their main agrochemical indicators: the content of NPK and humus reached the category of high, comparable, and exceeding the ones for reference soil. Significant differences began to show up at 5% content of Uglegel and 7% content of Torfogel. Soil treatment with humic soil modifiers stimulated the biological activity of soil mixtures as well as the growth and development of plants. These trends were expressed much more clearly when the soil was treated with Uglegel compared to Torfogel, which is explained by the genesis and properties of organic matter of biopolymers. The results of the study can be used to create sustainable and productive artificial soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423080220
I. M. Zyrianova
Abstract
Two pigments are mainly responsible for the eggshell color of poultry eggs: protoporphyrin IX and biliverdin. It is considered that protoporphyrin IX is responsible for the brown color of eggshells, while biliverdin is associated with the blue-green color of eggs. The molecular biology of avian eggshell pigmentation is poorly studied. However, several genes have been significantly associated with the brownness or whiteness of chicken eggshells. It is already well known that small noncoding microRNAs are involved in the regulation of gene expression. This study focuses on the possible involvement of microRNAs (namely gga-miR-24-3p) in the regulation of the expression of the CPOX gene, which is associated with the brown color of the eggshell. The gene polymorphism of this microRNA (pre-gga-miR-24*) is studied in this work. The question of a possible association of the pre-gga-miR-24* gene with the brown color of eggs is being considered. We used 20 eggs of four breeds: Italian Partridge, Russian White, Pushkin, and Rhode Island Red. As a result of the study, a polymorphism of the pre-gga-miR-24* gene was identified, and its six alleles (a – f) were found, which are present at two loci: on chromosome Z and 30. It was suggested that these alleles may be involved in the control of the white-creamy(beige)-brown color gamut of chicken eggs. It is also assumed that the a allele is recessive and is associated with the white color of eggs in the homozygous state. At the same time, different combinations of six a – f alleles in the heterozygous state, at least in one locus, can be associated with different degrees of creamy(beige)-brown coloration of chicken eggs. Moreover, each of the five b – f alleles, except for the a allele, in the homozygous state can also be associated with its creamy(beige)-brown tint in the eggshell color gamut.
摘要禽蛋的蛋壳颜色主要由两种色素造成：原卟啉 IX 和胆绿素。人们认为原卟啉 IX 是蛋壳呈棕色的原因，而胆绿素则与蛋壳呈蓝绿色有关。对鸟类蛋壳色素沉着的分子生物学研究很少。不过，有几个基因与鸡蛋壳的褐色或白色有明显的关联。众所周知，小的非编码 microRNA 参与了基因表达的调控。本研究的重点是微RNA（即gga-miR-24-3p）可能参与调控与蛋壳棕色有关的 CPOX 基因的表达。本研究对这种 microRNA（pre-gga-miR-24*）的基因多态性进行了研究。我们正在考虑前gga-miR-24*基因可能与鸡蛋的棕色有关的问题。我们使用了四个品种的 20 枚鸡蛋：意大利鹧鸪、俄罗斯白鸡、普希金鸡和罗德岛红鸡。研究结果发现了前gga-miR-24*基因的多态性，并发现了其六个等位基因（a - f），它们存在于两个位点：Z染色体和30染色体上。据推测，这些等位基因可能参与控制鸡蛋的白色-乳白色（米色）-棕色色域。还推测等位基因 a 是隐性的，在同源状态下与鸡蛋的白色有关。同时，在杂合状态下，至少在一个位点上，6 个 a - f 等位基因的不同组合会与鸡蛋不同程度的奶油色（米黄）-棕色有关。此外，除 a 等位基因外，5 个 b - f 等位基因中的每一个等位基因在同源状态下也都与蛋壳色域中的奶油色（米黄）-棕色色调有关。
{"title":"Polymorphism of the pre-gga-miR-24* Gene and White-Creamy-Brown Coloration of Chicken Eggs","authors":"I. M. Zyrianova","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423080220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423080220","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Two pigments are mainly responsible for the eggshell color of poultry eggs: protoporphyrin IX and biliverdin. It is considered that protoporphyrin IX is responsible for the brown color of eggshells, while biliverdin is associated with the blue-green color of eggs. The molecular biology of avian eggshell pigmentation is poorly studied. However, several genes have been significantly associated with the brownness or whiteness of chicken eggshells. It is already well known that small noncoding microRNAs are involved in the regulation of gene expression. This study focuses on the possible involvement of microRNAs (namely gga-miR-24-3p) in the regulation of the expression of the <i>CPOX</i> gene, which is associated with the brown color of the eggshell. The gene polymorphism of this microRNA (<i>pre-gga-miR-24</i>*) is studied in this work. The question of a possible association of the <i>pre-gga-miR-24</i>* gene with the brown color of eggs is being considered. We used 20 eggs of four breeds: Italian Partridge, Russian White, Pushkin, and Rhode Island Red. As a result of the study, a polymorphism of the <i>pre-gga-miR-24</i>* gene was identified, and its six alleles (<i>a</i> – <i>f</i>) were found, which are present at two loci: on chromosome Z and 30. It was suggested that these alleles may be involved in the control of the white-creamy(beige)-brown color gamut of chicken eggs. It is also assumed that the <i>a</i> allele is recessive and is associated with the white color of eggs in the homozygous state. At the same time, different combinations of six <i>a</i> – <i>f</i> alleles in the heterozygous state, at least in one locus, can be associated with different degrees of creamy(beige)-brown coloration of chicken eggs. Moreover, each of the five <i>b – f</i> alleles, except for the <i>a</i> allele, in the homozygous state can also be associated with its creamy(beige)-brown tint in the eggshell color gamut.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423070121
M. G. Merkusheva, L. L. Ubugunov, L. N. Boloneva, I. N. Lavrentieva
Abstract
It was found that low humus content and low biological activity of virgin chestnut soils of Western Transbaikalia cause a low gross amount of sulfur. The distribution of sulfur along the profile gradually decreases with some accumulation in the carbonate horizon. Prolonged irrigation caused by an increase in humus content and biological activity contributed to an increase in the amount of sulfur, which practically increases with the depth of the profile. The stock of mobile sulfates irrigated in a layer of 0–20 cm was three times higher than in virgin soil (7.3 and 2.4 kg/ha, respectively); it also was 1.3 times higher in the 0–50 cm layer and 2.9 times higher in the 0–100 cm layer. According to the content and reserves of mobile sulfur, chestnut soils in a layer of 0–20 cm are classified as low-income. After 3 years of using increasing doses of sulfur fertilizers (against the background of NPK) for irrigated potatoes, the content of all forms of sulfur in the soil increased depending on the dose size. The following pattern was revealed: the amount of Sorg in the soil and the enrichment of humus with it increased with an increase in the dose and the ratio C : Sorg decreased. A negative sulfur balance was found in the control and in the background versions. The introduction of the lowest dose of S15 has already formed a positive balance, but it is necessary to apply a dose of S30 (against the background of NPK) in compliance with irrigation standards because chestnut soils are depleted of mobile sulfur.
{"title":"Sulfur in Nonirrigated and Irrigated Chestnut Soils and Evaluation of Increasing Doses of Sulfur Fertilizers (with NPK) for Potatoes","authors":"M. G. Merkusheva, L. L. Ubugunov, L. N. Boloneva, I. N. Lavrentieva","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423070121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423070121","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>It was found that low humus content and low biological activity of virgin chestnut soils of Western Transbaikalia cause a low gross amount of sulfur. The distribution of sulfur along the profile gradually decreases with some accumulation in the carbonate horizon. Prolonged irrigation caused by an increase in humus content and biological activity contributed to an increase in the amount of sulfur, which practically increases with the depth of the profile. The stock of mobile sulfates irrigated in a layer of 0–20 cm was three times higher than in virgin soil (7.3 and 2.4 kg/ha, respectively); it also was 1.3 times higher in the 0–50 cm layer and 2.9 times higher in the 0–100 cm layer. According to the content and reserves of mobile sulfur, chestnut soils in a layer of 0–20 cm are classified as low-income. After 3 years of using increasing doses of sulfur fertilizers (against the background of NPK) for irrigated potatoes, the content of all forms of sulfur in the soil increased depending on the dose size. The following pattern was revealed: the amount of S<sub>org</sub> in the soil and the enrichment of humus with it increased with an increase in the dose and the ratio C : S<sub>org</sub> decreased. A negative sulfur balance was found in the control and in the background versions. The introduction of the lowest dose of S15 has already formed a positive balance, but it is necessary to apply a dose of S30 (against the background of NPK) in compliance with irrigation standards because chestnut soils are depleted of mobile sulfur.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140007616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423070182
M. I. Shatirova, R. A. Asadullayev, Sh. F. Nagiyeva
Abstract
Rots of various origins account for a significant part of the losses of grapes both during the growing season and during long-term storage. Along with traditional methods, to prevent damage to grapes during storage, environmentally friendly preparations were tested, the raw materials for which were licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza). The corresponding salts of glycyrrhizic acid were synthesized by the interaction of glycyrrhizic acid with o-phenylenediamine and methyl ester of p-aminobenzoic acid in a medium of dry acetone. The universal grape variety Moldova was chosen as the object of the study, and the storage was carried out in a refrigerator at a temperature of 5°C for 4 months. To prevent the development of pathogenic microflora, granules of sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5), o-phenylenediamine glycyrrhizic acid, and methyl ether of p-aminobenzoic acid, as well as granules of dried crushed licorice root, were used at the rate of 20 g per 7–8 kg of grapes. When using Na2S2O5 to protect against the effects of harmful microflora, there were no losses either from rotting or from tearing the berries from the crest of the bunch, and the color and consistency of the berries remained the same as during storage. The effectiveness of the tested preparations with the same method of application was somewhat less: in the variant with licorice root granules, losses amounted to more than half, about half of the product with o-phenylenediamine glycyrrhizic acid (compound 2), and the yield of standard products was slightly more than 70% of the batch stored with methyl ester of p-aminobenzoic acid (compound 3).
{"title":"Application of Amine Salts of Glycyrrhizinic Acid for Prevention of Grape Rot during the Storage Period","authors":"M. I. Shatirova, R. A. Asadullayev, Sh. F. Nagiyeva","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423070182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423070182","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Rots of various origins account for a significant part of the losses of grapes both during the growing season and during long-term storage. Along with traditional methods, to prevent damage to grapes during storage, environmentally friendly preparations were tested, the raw materials for which were licorice roots (<i>Glycyrrhiza</i>). The corresponding salts of glycyrrhizic acid were synthesized by the interaction of glycyrrhizic acid with <i>o</i>-phenylenediamine and methyl ester of <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid in a medium of dry acetone. The universal grape variety Moldova was chosen as the object of the study, and the storage was carried out in a refrigerator at a temperature of 5°C for 4 months. To prevent the development of pathogenic microflora, granules of sodium metabisulfite (Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>), <i>o</i>-phenylenediamine glycyrrhizic acid, and methyl ether of <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid, as well as granules of dried crushed licorice root, were used at the rate of 20 g per 7–8 kg of grapes. When using Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> to protect against the effects of harmful microflora, there were no losses either from rotting or from tearing the berries from the crest of the bunch, and the color and consistency of the berries remained the same as during storage. The effectiveness of the tested preparations with the same method of application was somewhat less: in the variant with licorice root granules, losses amounted to more than half, about half of the product with <i>o</i>-phenylenediamine glycyrrhizic acid (compound 2), and the yield of standard products was slightly more than 70% of the batch stored with methyl ester of <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid (compound 3).</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423080116
S. V. Lebedev, S. S. Akimov, O. V. Marshinskaya, T. V. Kazakova
Abstract
The establishment of a healthy intestinal microbiota plays a key role as a first line of protection against pathogenic bacteria and enhances the integrity of the gut structure, which generally contributes to increased specific metabolic activity. At the same time, the question of the method of administration and choice of the carrier of probiotic-containing preparations remains without a final answer. The purpose of the research is to determine the best administration route and the type of carrier of probiotic-containing preparations. To conduct the first series of the experiment, 40 two-week-old broiler chickens of the Arbor Icress cross were selected, which were divided into four groups according to the principle of pair-analogs: one control and three experimental ones. The birds of the first group received a feed supplement with a combined probiotic on a natural plant carrier—wheat bran; the second group—on wheat flour; the third group was additionally given, along with water, a combined probiotic, freeze-dried on maltodextrin. A similar experiment was carried out for 40 laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross at the age of 150 days. The use of probiotics had a positive effect on both the weight growth of broiler chickens and the productive performance of laying hens, regardless of the method of administration of probiotic-containing preparations. However, the water-soluble form of the probiotic-containing preparation most effectively increased the productive qualities of birds. The average daily gain of broilers receiving the water-soluble form of the probiotic statistically significantly exceeded the value of this indicator in the control by 13%. The use of a water-soluble probiotic in feeding laying hens made it possible to increase egg productivity by 6%, the intensity of egg production by 5.0%, and the total weight of eggs by 0.2 kg.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Probiotic-Containing Preparations on Various Carriers on the Productive Qualities of Poultry","authors":"S. V. Lebedev, S. S. Akimov, O. V. Marshinskaya, T. V. Kazakova","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423080116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423080116","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The establishment of a healthy intestinal microbiota plays a key role as a first line of protection against pathogenic bacteria and enhances the integrity of the gut structure, which generally contributes to increased specific metabolic activity. At the same time, the question of the method of administration and choice of the carrier of probiotic-containing preparations remains without a final answer. The purpose of the research is to determine the best administration route and the type of carrier of probiotic-containing preparations. To conduct the first series of the experiment, 40 two-week-old broiler chickens of the Arbor Icress cross were selected, which were divided into four groups according to the principle of pair-analogs: one control and three experimental ones. The birds of the first group received a feed supplement with a combined probiotic on a natural plant carrier—wheat bran; the second group—on wheat flour; the third group was additionally given, along with water, a combined probiotic, freeze-dried on maltodextrin. A similar experiment was carried out for 40 laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross at the age of 150 days. The use of probiotics had a positive effect on both the weight growth of broiler chickens and the productive performance of laying hens, regardless of the method of administration of probiotic-containing preparations. However, the water-soluble form of the probiotic-containing preparation most effectively increased the productive qualities of birds. The average daily gain of broilers receiving the water-soluble form of the probiotic statistically significantly exceeded the value of this indicator in the control by 13%. The use of a water-soluble probiotic in feeding laying hens made it possible to increase egg productivity by 6%, the intensity of egg production by 5.0%, and the total weight of eggs by 0.2 kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423070327
A. K. Lysov, T. V. Kornilov, I. L. Krasnobaeva
Abstract
The issues of improving the quality of application of fungal and bacterial biological products when applying the flow rates of working fluid up to 20 L/ha are considered. Along with the traditional methodology for assessing the quality of applying the working fluid of biological products to the treated surface, a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of applying biological products was also used, which consisted in selecting a certain area of the potato leaf surface by plant tiers 1 day after processing to determine the viability of fungal and bacterial products with low-volume (LV) and ultra-low-volume (ULV) spraying technologies. When applying the technology of spraying up to 10 L/ha, despite the high coating density, the cells of microorganisms fall on the leaf surface with an insufficient amount of liquid for their active reproduction on the treated surface. In addition, at low humidity, due to the rapid evaporation of droplets from the surface of the treated leaves, microorganisms do not multiply and are carried away by the wind when drying. The conducted research tests of the use of the mushroom biological product Trichocin at a consumption rate of 20 L/ha on test objects (potato plants of the Galla and Riviera varieties) using especially pure glycerin and the moisture-retaining food additive sorbitol as antivaporizers showed that their use ensured the viability of the cells of the biological product and the high rate of their reproduction on the treated surface due to moisture retention.
{"title":"Improvement of the Technology of Application of Biological Products for Plant Protection","authors":"A. K. Lysov, T. V. Kornilov, I. L. Krasnobaeva","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423070327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423070327","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The issues of improving the quality of application of fungal and bacterial biological products when applying the flow rates of working fluid up to 20 L/ha are considered. Along with the traditional methodology for assessing the quality of applying the working fluid of biological products to the treated surface, a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of applying biological products was also used, which consisted in selecting a certain area of the potato leaf surface by plant tiers 1 day after processing to determine the viability of fungal and bacterial products with low-volume (LV) and ultra-low-volume (ULV) spraying technologies. When applying the technology of spraying up to 10 L/ha, despite the high coating density, the cells of microorganisms fall on the leaf surface with an insufficient amount of liquid for their active reproduction on the treated surface. In addition, at low humidity, due to the rapid evaporation of droplets from the surface of the treated leaves, microorganisms do not multiply and are carried away by the wind when drying. The conducted research tests of the use of the mushroom biological product Trichocin at a consumption rate of 20 L/ha on test objects (potato plants of the Galla and Riviera varieties) using especially pure glycerin and the moisture-retaining food additive sorbitol as antivaporizers showed that their use ensured the viability of the cells of the biological product and the high rate of their reproduction on the treated surface due to moisture retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140007710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423080050
M. I. Egorova, L. Yu. Smirnova, L. N. Puzanova, E. V. Leonteva
Abstract
This research was aimed at developing descriptive scoring scales for organoleptic assessment of the progression of sugar beet diseases. Preference was given to a five-point scale associated with a five-point scale of acceptability of the resource consumption level during the processing of sugar beets with various technological qualities. The development of the scale for assessing the progression of diseases included the formation of descriptive characteristics of healthy root crops and root crops with signs of degradation by five levels. The descriptive characteristics are focused on the shape of the root crop and the state of its surface and internal tissue. Depending on the disease progression, the signs of degradation of the superficial tissue were accepted in the following increasing order: the occurrence of small lateral roots on the surface; rough or necrotic areas with a loose and flaking structure; depressed areas of dried necrotic tissue, with various sizes and colors and with different locations, occupying a certain surface area; the appearance of mold; transition of the tissue structure from the dense to the soft and loose state. Signs of the state of the internal tissue were characterized by color transition from white-cream to smoke-white; signs of the state of vessels were characterized by color transition from white or light beige to brown, with the formation of cracks of different sizes and with the appearance of mold, as well as by the formation of differently localized necrotic dark brown tissue areas, occupying a certain surface area; and signs of the tissue structure were characterized by the transition from the dense to soft and loose state. Testing of the developed point scales has shown the convenience of their use and correlation of the scale points characterizing the changes in the root crop with the corresponding levels of the scale of resource consumption by the beet sugar factory. Their combined use makes it possible to give a formalized assessment of the level of disease progression and gain insight on the potential costs of its processing.
{"title":"Formalized Assessment of the Progression of Diseases of Sugar Beet Entering the Sugar Production Process Flow","authors":"M. I. Egorova, L. Yu. Smirnova, L. N. Puzanova, E. V. Leonteva","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423080050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423080050","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This research was aimed at developing descriptive scoring scales for organoleptic assessment of the progression of sugar beet diseases. Preference was given to a five-point scale associated with a five-point scale of acceptability of the resource consumption level during the processing of sugar beets with various technological qualities. The development of the scale for assessing the progression of diseases included the formation of descriptive characteristics of healthy root crops and root crops with signs of degradation by five levels. The descriptive characteristics are focused on the shape of the root crop and the state of its surface and internal tissue. Depending on the disease progression, the signs of degradation of the superficial tissue were accepted in the following increasing order: the occurrence of small lateral roots on the surface; rough or necrotic areas with a loose and flaking structure; depressed areas of dried necrotic tissue, with various sizes and colors and with different locations, occupying a certain surface area; the appearance of mold; transition of the tissue structure from the dense to the soft and loose state. Signs of the state of the internal tissue were characterized by color transition from white-cream to smoke-white; signs of the state of vessels were characterized by color transition from white or light beige to brown, with the formation of cracks of different sizes and with the appearance of mold, as well as by the formation of differently localized necrotic dark brown tissue areas, occupying a certain surface area; and signs of the tissue structure were characterized by the transition from the dense to soft and loose state. Testing of the developed point scales has shown the convenience of their use and correlation of the scale points characterizing the changes in the root crop with the corresponding levels of the scale of resource consumption by the beet sugar factory. Their combined use makes it possible to give a formalized assessment of the level of disease progression and gain insight on the potential costs of its processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140002456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s106836742307039x
O. V. Zorkina, E. A. Sukhova, O. O. Agapova, E. E. Nefedieva, I. R. Gribust, O. V. Kolotova
Abstract
One of the reasons for the decrease in the yield of crops is the retardant effect of fungicides. In addition, many fungicides have a toxigenic effect on the mycelium of the fungus. The combination of a fungicide and a plant growth stimulant in a complex preparation can help to reduce the level of the negative effect of the pesticide. It is proposed to introduce individual growth regulators and their combination into the composition of the seed protectant in doses of 50, 100, 200 g/L. The length and the weight of the root and shoot of seedlings under the influence of the seed protectant were less than in the control, and the weight of the endosperm of grain was greater. Under the influence of the seed protectant and gibberellic acid, the length of the shoots corresponded to the control, but their weight was decreased. Indolylbutyric acid, added to the seed protectant, contributed to the effective consumption of spare substances of the endosperm of grain and root growth. Under the influence of the protectant and diphenylurea, the length and the weight of the shoot increased significantly in a balanced manner. The composition of the protectant and the named growth regulators in minimal doses affected the growth of the roots and shoots in the best way of all variants. Preference should be given to low doses of phytohormones and their combination.
{"title":"Compositions of Fungicides with Growth Regulators That Reduce the Retarding Effect of Crop Protectants","authors":"O. V. Zorkina, E. A. Sukhova, O. O. Agapova, E. E. Nefedieva, I. R. Gribust, O. V. Kolotova","doi":"10.3103/s106836742307039x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s106836742307039x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>One of the reasons for the decrease in the yield of crops is the retardant effect of fungicides. In addition, many fungicides have a toxigenic effect on the mycelium of the fungus. The combination of a fungicide and a plant growth stimulant in a complex preparation can help to reduce the level of the negative effect of the pesticide. It is proposed to introduce individual growth regulators and their combination into the composition of the seed protectant in doses of 50, 100, 200 g/L. The length and the weight of the root and shoot of seedlings under the influence of the seed protectant were less than in the control, and the weight of the endosperm of grain was greater. Under the influence of the seed protectant and gibberellic acid, the length of the shoots corresponded to the control, but their weight was decreased. Indolylbutyric acid, added to the seed protectant, contributed to the effective consumption of spare substances of the endosperm of grain and root growth. Under the influence of the protectant and diphenylurea, the length and the weight of the shoot increased significantly in a balanced manner. The composition of the protectant and the named growth regulators in minimal doses affected the growth of the roots and shoots in the best way of all variants. Preference should be given to low doses of phytohormones and their combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423080177
E. S. Statsenko, O. V. Litvinenko, N. Yu. Korneva
Abstract
The research aimed to develop a technology for a fermented dairy–soy-milk drink. To select the best raw material to produce soy milk, a comparative assessment of the chemical composition and technological properties of soybean of three varieties (Kruzhevnica, Zhuravushka, and Sentyabrinka) has been carried out. At an average moisture content of 10.11%, the protein content in soybean seeds of the Kruzhevnica variety is 38.54%, of the Zhuravushka variety, 37.58%, and of Sentyabrinka, 38.70%; the fat content is 18.25, 18.97, and 19.14%, respectively. The highest yield of soy milk is provided by beans of the Sentyabrinka variety (78.58%); in the variants with the varieties Kruzhevnica and Zhuravushka the yields are 77.40 and 75.90%, respectively. The most pronounced taste has the soy milk made from the beans of the Sentyabrinka variety. A mixture of soy milk and cow milk in ratios of 50 : 50, 60 : 40, 70 : 30, 80 : 20, and 90 : 10 has been pasteurized at a temperature of 90–95 degrees Celsius for 5–6 minutes, a starter culture has been added in an amount of 0.1% of the total mass, and the mixture has been fermented in a thermostat at a temperature of 38–40 degrees Celsius for 5–6 hours. The mixture with a ratio of 60 : 40 has gotten the top average score based on the results of the organoleptic assessment (4.7 points); it is used in further studies. The use of soy milk in the formulation of a fermented dairy—soy-milk drink increases the content of choline, iron, and magnesium by 11.94, 0.32, and 5.0 mg per 100 g of the product and reduces the content of carbohydrates by 1.62%. The shelf life of the developed fermented drink at a temperature of 4 ± 2 degrees Celsius with no sealed packaging is 72 hours. The cost of 1 ton of fermented dairy–soy-milk drink is 78 760.00 rubles, and the cost of a fermented dairy milk drink is 11 641.86 rubles, or 12.88% higher.
{"title":"Development of a Technology for a Fermented Dairy–Soy-Milk Drink Using Soy Bean Varieties of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybeans","authors":"E. S. Statsenko, O. V. Litvinenko, N. Yu. Korneva","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423080177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423080177","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The research aimed to develop a technology for a fermented dairy–soy-milk drink. To select the best raw material to produce soy milk, a comparative assessment of the chemical composition and technological properties of soybean of three varieties (Kruzhevnica, Zhuravushka, and Sentyabrinka) has been carried out. At an average moisture content of 10.11%, the protein content in soybean seeds of the Kruzhevnica variety is 38.54%, of the Zhuravushka variety, 37.58%, and of Sentyabrinka, 38.70%; the fat content is 18.25, 18.97, and 19.14%, respectively. The highest yield of soy milk is provided by beans of the Sentyabrinka variety (78.58%); in the variants with the varieties Kruzhevnica and Zhuravushka the yields are 77.40 and 75.90%, respectively. The most pronounced taste has the soy milk made from the beans of the Sentyabrinka variety. A mixture of soy milk and cow milk in ratios of 50 : 50, 60 : 40, 70 : 30, 80 : 20, and 90 : 10 has been pasteurized at a temperature of 90–95 degrees Celsius for 5–6 minutes, a starter culture has been added in an amount of 0.1% of the total mass, and the mixture has been fermented in a thermostat at a temperature of 38–40 degrees Celsius for 5–6 hours. The mixture with a ratio of 60 : 40 has gotten the top average score based on the results of the organoleptic assessment (4.7 points); it is used in further studies. The use of soy milk in the formulation of a fermented dairy—soy-milk drink increases the content of choline, iron, and magnesium by 11.94, 0.32, and 5.0 mg per 100 g of the product and reduces the content of carbohydrates by 1.62%. The shelf life of the developed fermented drink at a temperature of 4 ± 2 degrees Celsius with no sealed packaging is 72 hours. The cost of 1 ton of fermented dairy–soy-milk drink is 78 760.00 rubles, and the cost of a fermented dairy milk drink is 11 641.86 rubles, or 12.88% higher.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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